Puerperal sepsis: predominant organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern

Background: Puerperal sepsis is among the leading cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but in developed countries as well. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify aerobic bacterial agents of puerperal sepsis among the patients admitted in rural medical college of Maharashtra.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 67 cases of Puerperal sepsis and were cultured aerobically. The organisms were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 67 samples, 46 (68.65%) yielded growth in blood culture. The isolated organisms were Klebsiella aerogenes, Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and coagulase negative Staphylococci. Most of the organisms are resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, penicillin and amikacin.Conclusions: Puerperal sepsis is the common life threatening condition in the postnatal period, particularly following vaginal delivery. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of puerperal sepsis can make the difference between life and death

Study of hypoglycemic activity of Tinospora cordifolia in alloxan induced diabetic rabbits

Background: This study was designed to investigate the hypoglycemic effect of Tinospora Cordifolia in alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits.Methods: Rabbits were divided into four experimental groups: Non-diabetic rabbits treated with normal saline, Non-diabetic rabbits treated with TCREt, Diabetic rabbits treated with Metformin, Diabetic rabbits treated with TCREt. Treatment with drugs was started on the 8th day of alloxan treatment (i.e. day 1) and was continued for 30 days. Statistical evaluation was done using student’s ‘t’ test & one way ANOVA followed by Tuckey`s post hoc test. ‘p’ value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: TCREt showed hypoglycemic action in alloxan induced diabetes rabbits. It did not produce hypoglycemia in non diabetic rabbits.Conclusion: Hypoglycemic action of TCREt is comparable to that of standard oral hypoglycemic drug metformin

Knowledge, attitude and practices towards medical research among resident doctors at a tertiary care hospital

Background: Research is a systematic process utilizing the scientific method for generating new knowledge that can be used to solve a problem or improving the existing status of a system. Human being is living a life of ease due to research in medical field. But it is important to know that whether those who are closest to society like resident doctors are involved in research process or not. Thus, the present study is planned to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of resident doctors in a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was the questionnaire-based study conducted among the resident doctors. Sample size calculated was 110 by open Epi software. A self-structured questionnaire was validated and distributed. Then we collected the data which was analysed using statistical analysis with MS excel and SPSS software version 21.Results: The 62% response rate was achieved. More than 50% of the resident doctors have the knowledge of p value and protocol writing. 63% students are strongly agreed that research in medical field is important while only 19% students are strongly disagreed that research increases burden over students 17% of the students have presented research paper. More than 75% student told that there are many barriers conducting research.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that more than 50% respondents have the basic knowledge about the medical research and they have the positive attitude too. But there is lack of the practices regarding research. Thus, there should be some efforts to improve practices of medical research among resident doctors

A comparative study of the clinical efficacy and safety of timolol 0.5% and travoprost 0.004% eye drops in primary open angle glaucoma

Background: Raised intraocular pressure (IOP) is a strong risk factor for development of glaucoma. If the condition is detected early enough it is possible to arrest the development or slow the progress with medication that lowers IOP. Travoprost is a newer prostaglandin analogue lowers IOP by facilitating outflow of aqueous humor.Methods: This was a prospective, randomized, open labelled, parallel group study, in which sixty cases of newly diagnosed primary open angle glaucoma (POAG) were included. After baseline clinical evaluation 30 subjects of glaucoma were treated with timolol 0.5% eye drop while another 30 subjects were given travoprost 0.004% eye drop and followed for 1 month to see IOP lowering efficacy of the two drugs. Statistical analysis was done using Open Epi 2.3 version for paired t test and unpaired t test.Results: In subjects treated with timolol eye drop mean reduction of IOP from baseline to week 4 was by 6.6mmHg while that of travoprost treated subjects was by 8.07mmHg. There was significant reduction in mean IOP of study subjects in travoprost group as compared to timolol group (P<0.05).Conclusions: Both timolol 0.5% and travoprost 0.004% eye drops are effective in reducing intra ocular pressure in POAG. On comparison travoprost was found to be statistically superior to timolol in lowering IOP in patients with POAG

Study of rationality and utilization pattern of antimicrobials in ear, nose, throat outpatient department of Tertiary Care Hospital, Nanded

Background: Antimicrobials are most commonly prescribed drugs worldwide. Around 50% of the prescriptions of antimicrobial drugs are either not needed, inappropriate or in wrong doses. With the widespread use of antimicrobial agents (AMAs), the prevalence of resistance has increased. To evaluate the prescription pattern and utilization of AMA in ear, nose, throat (ENT) outpatient department (OPD) of Tertiary Care Hospital, Nanded.Methods: This prospective study was conducted in ENT OPD of Dr. Shankarrao Chavan Government Medical College, Nanded over a period of 3 months. During this period, approximately 1100 patients visited ENT OPD and 600 prescriptions were evaluated. The excluded patients were of post-operative follow-up and of patients undergoing medical examination for fitness and handicap certificate. Data were collected by using specially designed case report form. Appropriateness of AMA was assessed by Kunin’s modified criteria.Results: Total 600 prescriptions were analyzed out of which (91%) consist of AMA. Most of them reported with upper respiratory tract infections (URTI) (30.4%), chronic suppurative otitis media (21.4%), acute suppurative otitis media (10.4%), tonsillitis (3.3%), sinusitis (2.7%), and others (15%). Amoxicillin (43.9%) was preferred AMA followed by ciprofloxacin (30.6%), cotrimoxazole (5.8%), azithromycin (3.2%), doxycycline (3.2%) cefixime + clavulanate (3.2%), and amoxicillin + clavulanate (1.8%). Single antibiotic was preferred in all prescriptions. In the concomitant medications, antihistaminics were prescribed in 97.22% of patients, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in 94.96% of patients, and antacids in 87.76% of patients. Fixed-dose combinations were used in 10% of prescriptions. Brand names of AMA were used in 10% of prescriptions. As per the Kunin’s modified criteria, 83% of patients received AMA therapy appropriately, while 17% patients inappropriately.Conclusions: Amoxicillin is the most common AMA prescribed and URTI is the most common diagnosis made. All AMAs should be prescribed only when needed and should be used in proper dose and for proper duration. Institution wise antibiotic policy should be used to contain resistance. Proper training and regular orientation programs of the juniors’ doctors for judicial use of AMAs will foster the habit of rational prescribing of AMA

Puerperal sepsis: predominant organisms and their antibiotic sensitivity pattern

Background: Puerperal sepsis is among the leading cause of preventable maternal morbidity and mortality not only in developing countries but in developed countries as well. This study was undertaken to isolate and identify aerobic bacterial agents of puerperal sepsis among the patients admitted in rural medical college of Maharashtra.Methods: Blood samples were collected from 67 cases of Puerperal sepsis and were cultured aerobically. The organisms were identified by standard biochemical tests. Antimicrobial sensitivity testing done by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 67 samples, 46 (68.65%) yielded growth in blood culture. The isolated organisms were Klebsiella aerogenes, Staph. aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus, E. coli, Streptococcus pyogenes and coagulase negative Staphylococci. Most of the organisms are resistant to commonly used antibiotics such as ampicillin, penicillin and amikacin.Conclusions: Puerperal sepsis is the common life threatening condition in the postnatal period, particularly following vaginal delivery. Early diagnosis and appropriate treatment of puerperal sepsis can make the difference between life and death