48 research outputs found

    Development of crustacean plankton in a shallow, polyhumic reservoir in the first 20 years after impoundment (northeast Poland)

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    Multiannual changes of structure and biomass of crustacean zooplankton were studied in the shallow, lowland, polyhumic Siemianówka Reservoir on the upper Narew River in northeast Poland. High ammonium and soluble reactive phosphorus ion availability for phytoplankton, low water transparency, and high dissolved oxygen concentration resulted in humoeutrophication and caused an intensive development of summer cyanobacteria. We compiled and analyzed long-term (1993–2011) crustacean zooplankton community data and chlorophyll a concentrations. Zooplankton biomass and structure in the summer were related to the intensity of the cyanoprokaryota blooms. As chlorophyll a concentration increased, crustacean zooplankton biomass decreased and smaller crustacean species dominated the zooplankton structure. Large species of crustaceans (Daphnia longispina, D. magna, and Eudiaptomus graciloides) disappeared from the reservoir after filamentous cyanobacteria dominated the phytoplankton. Long-term studies suggest that phytoplankton with strong dominance of filamentous cyanobacteria shape the crustacean community but are probably an insignificant food source for the crustacean zooplankton in the Siemianówka Reservoir

    The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata shifts primary production from benthic to pelagic habitats in simulated shallow lake systems

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    Biological invasions are among the most serious threats to ecosystems. The golden apple snail Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1822) is considered one of the top 100 worst invasive alien species in the world. These snails consume benthic primary producers, including submerged macrophytes, which may lead to an increase in nutrient concentration in the water, enhance growth of phytoplankton, and decrease growth of macrophytes, thereby shifting the primary production from benthic to pelagic habitats in shallow systems. To test this hypothesis, we conducted a short-term experiment with and without the invasive P. canaliculata in mesocosms with high abundance of the native submerged macrophyte Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara. Compared with snail-free control, the snail increased the concentrations of total nitrogen (TN), nitrate nitrogen (NO3-N), total and organic suspended solids (TSS and OSS), decreased the concentrations of soluble reactive phosphorous (SRP), but had no effect on total phosphorus (TP) and the TN:TP ratio. In addition, the snails decreased the biomass, leaf length and tiller number of V. natans, and decreased light intensity. Although snail presence did not change the biomasses of nanophytoplankton and picophytoplankton, it did increase the biomass of microphytoplankton leading to an increase in total phytoplankton biomass. Our study shows that P. canaliculata shifted primary production from benthic to pelagic habitats, altered the phytoplankton community size structure, and decreased water quality. The results add further evidence of negative ecosystem impacts of this invasive apple snail and call for its control in invaded shallow lake ecosystems

    Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

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    Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

    Local and regional factors influencing crustacean zooplankton communities in the Narew River

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    Liczba stron - 182, Liczba tabel - 10, Liczba rycin - 43, Bibliografia – 246 pozycjiCelem pracy była charakterystyka wybranych lokalnych i regionalnych czynników kształtujących strukturę zooplanktonu skorupiakowego siedlisk nizinnego systemu rzecznego. Obiektami badań były różne typy ekosystemów wodnych Doliny Górnej Narwi, w tym limniczny zbiornik Siemianówka. Łącznie przeanalizowano 610 prób zooplanktonu skorupiakowego Ogólnie w siedliskach Doliny Górnej Narwi stwierdzono występowanie 75 gatunków Crustacea, w tym 48 gatunków wioślarek (Cladocera) i 27 gatunków widłonogów (Copepoda). Zarejestrowano również dwa nowe gatunki dla fauny Polski - wioślarkę Camptocercus fennicus Stenroos 1898 i widłonoga Metacyclops planus (Gurney 1909). Największe bogactwo gatunkowe zooplanktonu skorupiakowego stwierdzano w starorzeczach, gdzie występowało ponad 80% wszystkich gatunków. Natomiast największym źródłem zooplanktonu skorupiakowego jest zbiornik Siemianówka, który znacząco wpływa na ilość i skład zooplanktonu rzeki Narew na odcinku 55 km poniżej zapory. Jednak gatunki ze zbiornika występowały nawet na stanowisku rzeki Narew oddalonym 130 km od zapory. Zbiornik Siemianówka może również zasilać zespoły zooplanktonu skorupiakowego starorzeczy w dolinie rzecznej. Przeprowadzone badania sugerują, iż odległość od źródła jest mniej istotnym czynnikiem kształtującym zbiorowiska zooplanktonu skorupiakowego starorzeczy, a większą rolę odgrywają lokalne warunki.The aim of the study was to describe the influence of local and regional processes on crustacean zooplankton in the habitats of lowland river system. The objects of the research were different types of aquatic ecosystems in the Upper Narew Valley, including limnic Siemianówka Reservoir. In total, 610 samples of crustacean zooplankton were analyzed. In total, in the Upper Narew Valley there were found 75 species of Crustacea, including 48 species of Cladocera and 27 species of Copepoda. Two species were recorded new for Polish fauna, i.e. Camptocercus fennicus Stenroos 1898 and Metacyclops planus (Gurney 1909). The highest species richness of crustacean zooplankton was found in oxbow lakes, where occurred more than 80% of all species described from the Upper Narew Valley. Siemianówka Reservoir is the largest source of crustacean zooplankton for the Upper Narew Valley and significantly affects the zooplankton composition and abundance in the Narew River on the distance of 55km below the dam. However, the species from the reservoir were noted even in the last Narew River station, i.e. 130 km below the dam. Siemianówka Reservoir may enrich crustacean zooplankton communities also in the oxbow lakes of the river valley. Performed studies suggest that the distance from the source is less important factor influencing crustacean zooplankton communities of oxbow lakes and more important are local conditions.Wydział Biologiczno-Chemiczny, Instytut Biologi

    Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) pygmaeus

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    Bryocamptus (Rheocamptus) pygmaeus (Sars, 1863) (Fig. 27) Location, ecology. Springs in the Knyszyn Primaeval Forest Landscape Park, vauclusian springs nearby Jaczno Lake (Suwalki Landscape Park) and in peatbogs surrounding dystrophic lakes in Wigry National Park. Some authors however suggest that this species apparently avoids typically highland sphagnous swamps of higher acidity (Borutzky 1952). Both females and males were observed. General distribution and biology. Widespread in Europe and North America, except the tundra zone. Also known from North Africa. It inhabits different types of surface waterbodies and groundwater too (Fefilova 2010). It was most often found in moist moss cushions in swamps of lowland or transitional type, with avoidance of higher acidity swamps (Borutzky 1952). D i s t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s. Body length without caudal setae about 0.45 mm. Caudal rami square-shaped, outer margin bearing 3 lateral setae with several spinules near their bases, inner margin bearing several spinules above apical setae. Antennule short, eight-segmented (Borutzky 1952). Inner lobe of proximal segment of P5 well developed, with 5 pinnate setae of unequal size (Fig. 27). Distal segment of P5 subrotund with 5 setae – middle one slender, nonpinnate (Fig. 27).Published as part of KARPOWICZ, Maciej, 2016, New data to the knowledge on the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) fauna in Poland, pp. 87-98 in Fragmenta Faunistica 59 (2) on page 93, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2016.59.2.087, http://zenodo.org/record/625195

    New data to the knowledge on the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) fauna in Poland

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    KARPOWICZ, Maciej (2016): New data to the knowledge on the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) fauna in Poland. Fragmenta Faunistica 59 (2): 87-98, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2016.59.2.087, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.3161/00159301ff2016.59.2.08

    Moraria brevipes

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    Moraria brevipes (Sars, 1863) (Figs 10–11) Lo cat io n, eco lo g y. Moraria brevipes was found in peatbog surrounding dystrophic lakes in Wigry National Park (Suchar I, Suchar Wielki) and in a peatbog near Lake Gorbacz (Grodek -Michalowo Basin). Males and females occurred in relatively high abundances. G e n e r a l d i s t r i b u t i o n a n d b i o l o g y. Widespread in Poland (Błędzki 2004), and occurs almost throughout Europe. Associated mainly with sphagnous swamps. The species has been encountered in the littoral of stagnant water bodies with silty bottoms and in springs where it often shows developmental aberrancies. Absent from the tundra zone (Borutzky 1952). D i s t i n g u i s h i n g f e a t u r e s. Length without caudal setae 0.55 – 0.63 mm. Caudal rami elongate, tapering terminally (Fig. 8). Dorsal surface of caudal rami with longitudinal ridge (Fig. 9). First and second segment of exopodites of P1 − P4 without seta on inner margin.Published as part of KARPOWICZ, Maciej, 2016, New data to the knowledge on the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) fauna in Poland, pp. 87-98 in Fragmenta Faunistica 59 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2016.59.2.087, http://zenodo.org/record/625195

    Pesceus schmeili

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    Pesceus schmeili (Mrázek, 1893) Location, ecology. Only females were found on the surface of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) from Lake Boczne in the Masurian Lakeland. Ge ner al d i str ib ut io n a n d b io lo g y. Palaearctic, inhabits various types of water bodies, from large lakes where it is common in benthos and reaches considerable depths, to lowland swamps and springs (Borutzky 1952). Pesceus schmeili s. str. occurs throughout Europe up to and including Ural region. Widespread in Poland (Drzycimski 1985). Polycyclic (Sarvala 1990; Fefilova 2007) and oligosaprobic (Sarkka 1995). Distinguishing features. Caudal rami widely divergent, almost three times as long as wide, with slightly narrowed and pointed tips. Outer and inner margins of caudal rami hairy.Published as part of KARPOWICZ, Maciej, 2016, New data to the knowledge on the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) fauna in Poland, pp. 87-98 in Fragmenta Faunistica 59 (2) on pages 90-91, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2016.59.2.087, http://zenodo.org/record/625195

    Attheyella (Brehmiella) trispinosa

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    Attheyella (Brehmiella) trispinosa (Brady, 1880) (Figs 10–11) Location, ecology. The species was found among aquatic vegetation in lakes and rivers. High numbers of A. trispinosa up to 160 indiv. l −1 were recorded in Stratiotes aloides habitats in Lake Tyrkło and Bełdany in the Masurian Lakeland (Karpowicz et al. 2016). Many male-female tandems were observed (Fig. 11). In the pre-copulatory (phase preceding mating) the male harpacticoid grasps the caudal rami of the female with its first antenna (Glatzel 1988). General distribution and biology. Lowland water bodies of Europe, North Africa and Asia (Borutzky 1952). Widespread in Poland (Błędzki 2004). The range of the subgenus Brehmiella is mostly restricted to the Holarctic region (Borutzky 1952). D i s t i n g ui s h i n g f e a t ur e s. Relatively large species, length of female without caudal setae 0.72–0.84 mm. Caudal rami short, slightly tapering distally. Endopodite and exopodite of P1 three-segmented (Fig. 10). First segment of P1 endopodite as long as whole exopodite of P1 (Fig. 10). Diagnostic features of the species include also structure of P 5 in both sexes.Published as part of KARPOWICZ, Maciej, 2016, New data to the knowledge on the Harpacticoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) fauna in Poland, pp. 87-98 in Fragmenta Faunistica 59 (2) on page 90, DOI: 10.3161/00159301FF2016.59.2.087, http://zenodo.org/record/625195
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