126 research outputs found
Compétitions dansées et globalisation culturelle
NĂ©e de migrations internationales et de la globalisation, la pratique de la danse hipâhop se caractĂ©rise par une mobilitĂ© spatiale et sociale. Ă ce titre, elle constitue un terrain privilĂ©giĂ© pour observer les façons dont une sousâculture naĂźt et Ă©volue dans un contexte de mondialisation des Ă©chanÂges. Câest sous lâangle agonistique puis compĂ©titif que cette internationaliÂsation sâest dĂ©veloppĂ©e, en sâappuyant sur des mĂ©dias qui varient dâune dĂ©cennie Ă une autre. Loin dâĂȘtre une source dâhomogĂ©nĂ©isation, la globaÂlisation de la danse hipâhop sâappuie au contraire sur des allersâretours entre lâAmĂ©rique et ses diffĂ©rents Ă©mules, ainsi quâentre ces derniers. Le contexte français se manifeste notamment par la requalification sociale dâune jeunesse stigmatisĂ©e.Born out of international migration and globalisation, the practice of hip-hop is characterised by spatial and social mobility. In this respect, it constitutes a privileged site for observing the ways in which a sub-culture is born and evolves in the context of globalisation. This internationalisation developed first in an agonistic and then a competitive way, based upon media which varied from one decade to the next. Far from being a source of homogenisation, the globalisation of hip-hop is based, on the contrary, on a movement back and forth between America and its different emulators, as well as between the latter. The French context manifests itself notably by the social redefinition of stigmatised youth
Anthony Pecqueux, Le Rap
LâĂ©pigraphe du second ouvrage dâAnthony Pecqueux, Le rap (2009), de Marc Fumaroli puisĂ© dans son ouvrage LâĂtat culturel (1999) fait froid dans le dos et lâon souhaite que ce livre contribue Ă remettre en cause de telles violences symboliques⊠En effet, lâauteur y montre briĂšvement mais de maniĂšre limpide les liens entre rap et classe dâĂąge, rap et chanson française, les caractĂ©ristiques musicales et les techniques dâapprentissage, le second degrĂ© comme figure de style du rap, que le discour..
Anthony Pecqueux, Voix du rap. Essai de sociologie de lâaction musicale
Avec Voix du rap, Anthony Pecqueux offre Ă ses lecteurs une exĂ©gĂšse savante du rap â lâouvrage est issu de sa thĂšse de doctorat. Les textes de rap constituent son terrain dâexploration et dâanalyse, dans leur matĂ©rialitĂ© (la voix), et dans la relation quâils mettent en Ćuvre entre rappeur et auditeur. Ce travail repose sur un corpus de 250 albums, soit 1 000 morceaux (dont la constitution : « sans discrimination », peut toutefois laisser perplexe). On a donc affaire Ă une perspective inĂ©dite ..
Impact of geocoding methods on associations between long-term exposure to urban air pollution and lung function
Background: Errors in address geocodes may affect estimates of the effects of air pollution on health.Objective: We investigated the impact of four geocoding techniques on the association between urban air pollution estimated with a fine-scale (10 m Ă 10 m) dispersion model and lung function in adults.Methods: We measured forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) in 354 adult residents of Grenoble, France, who were participants in two well-characterized studies, the Epidemiological Study on the Genetics and Environment on Asthma (EGEA) and the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS). Home addresses were geocoded using individual building matching as the reference approach and three spatial interpolation approaches. We used a dispersion model to estimate mean PM10 and nitrogen dioxide concentrations at each participant's address during the 12 months preceding their lung function measurements. Associations between exposures and lung function parameters were adjusted for individual confounders and same-day exposure to air pollutants. The geocoding techniques were compared with regard to geographical distances between coordinates, exposure estimates, and associations between the estimated exposures and health effects.Results: Median distances between coordinates estimated using the building matching and the three interpolation techniques were 26.4, 27.9, and 35.6 m. Compared with exposure estimates based on building matching, PM10 concentrations based on the three interpolation techniques tended to be overestimated. When building matching was used to estimate exposures, a one-interquartile range increase in PM10 (3.0 ÎŒg/m3) was associated with a 3.72-point decrease in FVC% predicted (95% CI: -0.56, -6.88) and a 3.86-point decrease in FEV1% predicted (95% CI: -0.14, -3.24). The magnitude of associations decreased when other geocoding approaches were used [e.g., for FVC% predicted -2.81 (95% CI: -0.26, -5.35) using NavTEQ or 2.08 (95% CI -4.63, 0.47, p = 0.11) using Google Maps].Conclusions: Our findings suggest that the choice of geocoding technique may influence estimated health effects when air pollution exposures are estimated using a fine-scale exposure model.Citation: Jacquemin B, Lepeule J, Boudier A, Arnould C, Benmerad M, Chappaz C, Ferran J, Kauffmann F, Morelli X, Pin I, Pison C, Rios I, Temam S, KĂŒnzli N, Slama R, Siroux V. 2013. Impact of geocoding methods on associations between long-term exposure to urban air pollution and lung function. Environ Health Perspect 121:1054-1060;âhttp://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1206016
Replication of Association between ADAM33 Polymorphisms and Psoriasis
Polymorphisms in ADAM33, the first gene identified in asthma by positional cloning, have been recently associated with psoriasis. No replication study of this association has been published so far. Data available in the French EGEA study (Epidemiological study on Genetics and Environment of Asthma, bronchial hyperresponsivensess and Atopy) give the opportunity to attempt to replicate the association between ADAM33 and psoriasis in 2002 individuals. Psoriasis (nâ=â150) has been assessed by questionnaire administered by an interviewer and a sub-sample of subjects with early-onset psoriasis (nâ=â74) has been identified based on the age of the subjects at time of interview (<40 years). Nine SNPs in ADAM33 and 11 SNPs in PSORS1 were genotyped. Association analysis was conducted by using two methods, GEE regression-based method and a likelihood-based method (LAMP program). The rs512625 SNP in ADAM33 was found associated with psoriasis at pâ=â0.01, the usual threshold required for replication (OR [95% CI] for heterozygotes compared to the reference group of homozygotes for the most frequent alleleâ=â0.61 [0.42;0.89]). The rs628977 SNP, which was not in linkage disequilibrium with rs512625, was significantly associated with early-onset psoriasis (pâ=â0.01, OR [95% CI] for homozygotes for the minor allele compared to the reference groupâ=â2.52 [1.31;4.86]). Adjustment for age, sex, asthma and a PSORS1 SNP associated with psoriasis in the EGEA data did not change the significance of these associations. This suggests independent effects of ADAM33 and PSORS1 on psoriasis. This is the first study that replicates an association between genetic variants in ADAM33 and psoriasis. Interestingly, the 2 ADAM33 SNPs associated with psoriasis in the present analysis were part of the 3-SNPs haplotypes showing the strongest associations in the initial study. The identification of a pleiotropic effect of ADAM33 on asthma and psoriasis may contribute to the understanding of these common immune-mediated diseases
Galaxy Zoo: Passive Red Spirals
We study the spectroscopic properties and environments of red spiral galaxies
found by the Galaxy Zoo project. By carefully selecting face-on, disk dominated
spirals we construct a sample of truly passive disks (not dust reddened, nor
dominated by old stellar populations in a bulge). As such, our red spirals
represent an interesting set of possible transition objects between normal blue
spirals and red early types. We use SDSS data to investigate the physical
processes which could have turned these objects red without disturbing their
morphology. Red spirals prefer intermediate density regimes, however there are
no obvious correlations between red spiral properties and environment -
environment alone is not sufficient to determine if a spiral will become red.
Red spirals are a small fraction of spirals at low masses, but are a
significant fraction at large stellar masses - massive galaxies are red
independent of morphology. We confirm that red spirals have older stellar popns
and less recent star formation than the main spiral population. While the
presence of spiral arms suggests that major star formation cannot have ceased
long ago, we show that these are not recent post-starbursts, so star formation
must have ceased gradually. Intriguingly, red spirals are ~4 times more likely
than normal spirals to host optically identified Seyfert or LINER, with most of
the difference coming from LINERs. We find a curiously large bar fraction in
the red spirals suggesting that the cessation of star formation and bar
instabilities are strongly correlated. We conclude by discussing the possible
origins. We suggest they may represent the very oldest spiral galaxies which
have already used up their reserves of gas - probably aided by strangulation,
and perhaps bar instabilities moving material around in the disk.Comment: MNRAS in press, 20 pages, 15 figures (v3
Associations between Nitric Oxide Synthase Genes and Exhaled NO-Related Phenotypes according to Asthma Status
International audienceBACKGROUND: The nitric oxide (NO) pathway is involved in asthma, and eosinophils participate in the regulation of the NO pool in pulmonary tissues. We investigated associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of NO synthase genes (NOS) and biological NO-related phenotypes measured in two compartments (exhaled breath condensate and plasma) and blood eosinophil counts. METHODOLOGY: SNPs (N = 121) belonging to NOS1, NOS2 and NOS3 genes were genotyped in 1277 adults from the French Epidemiological study on the Genetics and Environment of Asthma (EGEA). Association analyses were conducted on four quantitative phenotypes: the exhaled fraction of NO (Fe(NO)), plasma and exhaled breath condensate (EBC) nitrite-nitrate levels (NO2-NO3) and blood eosinophils in asthmatics and non-asthmatics separately. Genetic heterogeneity of these phenotypes between asthmatics and non-asthmatics was also investigated. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: In non-asthmatics, after correction for multiple comparisons, we found significant associations of Fe(NO) levels with three SNPs in NOS3 and NOS2 (P †0.002), and of EBC NO2-NO3 level with NOS2 (P = 0.002). In asthmatics, a single significant association was detected between Fe(NO) levels and one SNP in NOS3 (P = 0.004). Moreover, there was significant heterogeneity of NOS3 SNP effect on Fe(NO) between asthmatics and non-asthmatics (P = 0.0002 to 0.005). No significant association was found between any SNP and NO2-NO3 plasma levels or blood eosinophil counts. CONCLUSIONS: Variants in NO synthase genes influence Fe(NO) and EBC NO2-NO3 levels in adults. These genetic determinants differ according to asthma status. Significant associations were only detected for exhaled phenotypes, highlighting the critical relevance to have access to specific phenotypes measured in relevant biological fluid
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey of SDSS-III
The Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) is designed to measure the
scale of baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) in the clustering of matter over a
larger volume than the combined efforts of all previous spectroscopic surveys
of large scale structure. BOSS uses 1.5 million luminous galaxies as faint as
i=19.9 over 10,000 square degrees to measure BAO to redshifts z<0.7.
Observations of neutral hydrogen in the Lyman alpha forest in more than 150,000
quasar spectra (g<22) will constrain BAO over the redshift range 2.15<z<3.5.
Early results from BOSS include the first detection of the large-scale
three-dimensional clustering of the Lyman alpha forest and a strong detection
from the Data Release 9 data set of the BAO in the clustering of massive
galaxies at an effective redshift z = 0.57. We project that BOSS will yield
measurements of the angular diameter distance D_A to an accuracy of 1.0% at
redshifts z=0.3 and z=0.57 and measurements of H(z) to 1.8% and 1.7% at the
same redshifts. Forecasts for Lyman alpha forest constraints predict a
measurement of an overall dilation factor that scales the highly degenerate
D_A(z) and H^{-1}(z) parameters to an accuracy of 1.9% at z~2.5 when the survey
is complete. Here, we provide an overview of the selection of spectroscopic
targets, planning of observations, and analysis of data and data quality of
BOSS.Comment: 49 pages, 16 figures, accepted by A
The Ninth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the SDSS-III Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey
The Sloan Digital Sky Survey III (SDSS-III) presents the first spectroscopic
data from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS). This ninth data
release (DR9) of the SDSS project includes 535,995 new galaxy spectra (median
z=0.52), 102,100 new quasar spectra (median z=2.32), and 90,897 new stellar
spectra, along with the data presented in previous data releases. These spectra
were obtained with the new BOSS spectrograph and were taken between 2009
December and 2011 July. In addition, the stellar parameters pipeline, which
determines radial velocities, surface temperatures, surface gravities, and
metallicities of stars, has been updated and refined with improvements in
temperature estimates for stars with T_eff<5000 K and in metallicity estimates
for stars with [Fe/H]>-0.5. DR9 includes new stellar parameters for all stars
presented in DR8, including stars from SDSS-I and II, as well as those observed
as part of the SDSS-III Sloan Extension for Galactic Understanding and
Exploration-2 (SEGUE-2).
The astrometry error introduced in the DR8 imaging catalogs has been
corrected in the DR9 data products. The next data release for SDSS-III will be
in Summer 2013, which will present the first data from the Apache Point
Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) along with another year of
data from BOSS, followed by the final SDSS-III data release in December 2014.Comment: 9 figures; 2 tables. Submitted to ApJS. DR9 is available at
http://www.sdss3.org/dr
Adult lung function and long-term air pollution exposure. ESCAPE: a multicentre cohort study and meta-analysis
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