La biomecánica en la aplicación de ejercicios específicos para mejorar la ejecución de la técnica de pierna dollio Chagui En El Taekwondo (Revisión)

This work was performed at the School Sport Initiation School " Batista Pedro Fonseca " Granma.El province itself is based on the principles of human movement Biomechanical on the implementation of Specific exercises aimed at improving the performance of Dollio leg technique Chagui , in Taekwondo . to Biomechanical analysis method was used Observing through Video Capture and Editing and photography. with the help of these methods could meet the characteristics and peculiarities of the object of estudio.Los results obtained diagnosis, Biomechanical analysis and characterization of the athletes demonstrated the need for Specific Exercises for greater efficiency and effectiveness in Chagui Dollio leg technique . research addresses an issue of great significance , because of the lack in the country and in our Province methodological program to guide the coaches of different levels of teaching as work technique Chagui Dollio leg , and how to correct the most common mistakes that occur and thus to achieve a best technical- tactical and physical competitors in Taekwondo .El presente trabajo se realizó en la Escuela Iniciación Deportiva Escolar “Pedro Batista Fonseca" de la provincia Granma. El mismo está basado en los principios Biomecánicos del movimiento humano sobre la aplicación de Ejercicios Específicos encaminados a mejorar la ejecución de la técnica de pierna Dollio Chagui, en el Taekwondo .Para el análisis biomecánico se utilizó el método de Observación a través de la Captación y Edición de Videos y la fotografía. Con la ayuda de estos métodos pudimos conocer las características y particularidades del objeto de estudio. Los resultados obtenidos a través del diagnóstico, del análisis biomecánico y de la caracterización de los atletas demostraron la necesidad de aplicar ejercicios  específicos para lograr una mayor eficacia y efectividad en la técnica  de pierna Dollio Chagui . La investigación resuelve un problema de gran significación, debido a la carencia en el País y en nuestra Provincia de un programa metodológico que sirva de guía a los entrenadores de los diferentes niveles, de como trabajar la enseñanza de la técnica de  pierna Dollio Chagui , además de cómo corregir los errores más comunes que se presentan y así poder lograr una mejor preparación técnico-táctica y física de los competidores en el  Taekwondo

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

La Biomecánica en la aplicación de ejercicios específicos para mejorar la ejecución de la técnica de pierna Dollio Chagui en el Taekwondo (revisión)

This work was performed at the School Sport Initiation School " Batista Pedro Fonseca " Granma.El province itself is based on the principles of human movement Biomechanical on the implementation of Specific exercises aimed at improving the performance of Dollio leg technique Chagui , in Taekwondo . to Biomechanical analysis method was used Observing through Video Capture and Editing and photography. with the help of these methods could meet the characteristics and peculiarities of the object of estudio.Los results obtained diagnosis, Biomechanical analysis and characterization of the athletes demonstrated the need for Specific Exercises for greater efficiency and effectiveness in Chagui Dollio leg technique . research addresses an issue of great significance , because of the lack in the country and in our Province methodological program to guide the coaches of different levels of teaching as work technique Chagui Dollio leg , and how to correct the most common mistakes that occur and thus to achieve a best technical- tactical and physical competitors in Taekwondo.El presente trabajo se realizó en la Escuela Iniciación Deportiva Escolar “Pedro Batista Fonseca" de la provincia Granma. El mismo está basado en los principios Biomecánicos del movimiento humano sobre la aplicación de Ejercicios Específicos encaminados a mejorar la ejecución de la técnica de pierna Dollio Chagui, en el Taekwondo .Para el análisis biomecánico se utilizó el método de Observación a través de la Captación y Edición de Videos y la fotografía. Con la ayuda de estos métodos pudimos conocer las características y particularidades del objeto de estudio. Los resultados obtenidos a través del diagnóstico, del análisis biomecánico y de la caracterización de los atletas demostraron la necesidad de aplicar ejercicios  específicos para lograr una mayor eficacia y efectividad en la técnica  de pierna Dollio Chagui . La investigación resuelve un problema de gran significación, debido a la carencia en el País y en nuestra Provincia de un programa metodológico que sirva de guía a los entrenadores de los diferentes niveles, de como trabajar la enseñanza de la técnica de  pierna Dollio Chagui , además de cómo corregir los errores más comunes que se presentan y así poder lograr una mejor preparación técnico-táctica y física de los competidores en el  Taekwondo

Integración física, antropométrica y técnicas de niños que inician la práctica del karate-do: una vía para potenciar la detección del talento.

Este trabajo responde a una temática actual del proceso de identificación de potencialidades deportivas en la provincia Granma, específicamente en la búsqueda del posible talento deportivo en el Kárate-Do del deporte infantil, dicha problemática se enmarca en la carencia de niños (as) de 9 años con potencialidades para este deporte, así como las insuficiencias que tienen lugar en este proceso, pues para llevar a cabo el mismo aún se emplean los estudios realizados por Hemeregildo Pila (1983) en Cuba, además en dicho deporte durante la identificación de potencialidades deportivas solo se tienen en cuenta de forma limitada algunas características físicas, antropométricas y técnicas evaluadas sobre la base de limitados percentiles, lo cual incide en la pérdida de niños (as) con potencialidades deportivas en estas edades. Por lo antes expuesto se diseñaron y se estructuraron indicadores físicos, antropométricos y técnicos encaminados a evaluar las potencialidades de los niños(as) de 9 años, los cuales se sustentan en las características del deporte y las particularidades de estas edades

Un enfoque teórico práctico contemporáneo de la lateralidad en edades tempranas y escolares (revisión)

The current work pretends to make a theoretical and practical description about the controversial topic of the laterality and its treatment in early school ages, and it also provides up to date terms and criteria related with this theme, as well as the performance of motor skills in the dynamics of Physical Education. This research also offers a ludic proposal that favours the development and strengthening of laterality in the age brackets mentioned before.El presente trabajo pretende realizar una descripción teórico – práctica de forma simplificada al tema siempre controvertido de la lateralidad y su tratamiento en las edades tempranas y escolar. En el mismo se ofrecen criterios y aclaraciones terminológicas relacionadas con esta temática, así como el vínculo con las preferencias de ejecución de acciones motrices en la dinámica de la Educación Física. También se brinda una propuesta lúdica que permite favorecer el desarrollo y consolidación de la lateralidad en los grupos etarios antes mencionados

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in children : an international, multicentre, prospective cohort study

Introduction Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). However, there is a lack of data available about SSI in children worldwide, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. This study aimed to estimate the incidence of SSI in children and associations between SSI and morbidity across human development settings. Methods A multicentre, international, prospective, validated cohort study of children aged under 16 years undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated or dirty gastrointestinal surgery. Any hospital in the world providing paediatric surgery was eligible to contribute data between January and July 2016. The primary outcome was the incidence of SSI by 30 days. Relationships between explanatory variables and SSI were examined using multilevel logistic regression. Countries were stratified into high development, middle development and low development groups using the United Nations Human Development Index (HDI). Results Of 1159 children across 181 hospitals in 51 countries, 523 (45 center dot 1%) children were from high HDI, 397 (34 center dot 2%) from middle HDI and 239 (20 center dot 6%) from low HDI countries. The 30-day SSI rate was 6.3% (33/523) in high HDI, 12 center dot 8% (51/397) in middle HDI and 24 center dot 7% (59/239) in low HDI countries. SSI was associated with higher incidence of 30-day mortality, intervention, organ-space infection and other HAIs, with the highest rates seen in low HDI countries. Median length of stay in patients who had an SSI was longer (7.0 days), compared with 3.0 days in patients who did not have an SSI. Use of laparoscopy was associated with significantly lower SSI rates, even after accounting for HDI. Conclusion The odds of SSI in children is nearly four times greater in low HDI compared with high HDI countries. Policies to reduce SSI should be prioritised as part of the wider global agenda.Peer reviewe

Search for supersymmetry with razor variables in pp collisions at root s=7 TeV

The razor approach to search for R-parity conserving supersymmetric particles is described in detail. Two analyses are considered: an inclusive search for new heavy particle pairs decaying to final states with at least two jets and missing transverse energy, and a dedicated search for final states with at least one jet originating from a bottom quark. For both the inclusive study and the study requiring a bottom-quark jet, the data are examined in exclusive final states corresponding to all-hadronic, single-lepton, and dilepton events. The study is based on the data set of proton-proton collisions at root s = 7 TeV collected with the CMS detector at the LHC in 2011, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.7 fb(-1). The study consists of a shape analysis performed in the plane of two kinematic variables, denoted M-R and R-2, that correspond to the mass and transverse energy flow, respectively, of pair-produced, heavy, new-physics particles. The data are found to be compatible with the background model, defined by studying event simulations and data control samples. Exclusion limits for squark and gluino production are derived in the context of the constrained minimal supersymmetric standard model (CMSSM) and also for simplified-model spectra (SMS). Within the CMSSM parameter space considered, squark and gluino masses up to 1350 GeV are excluded at 95% confidence level, depending on the model parameters. For SMS scenarios, the direct production of pairs of top or bottom squarks is excluded for masses as high as 400 GeV

Measurement of the ratio B(t -&gt; Wb)/B(t -&gt; Wq) in pp collisions at root s=8 TeV

The ratio of the top-quark branching fractions R=B(t→Wb)/B(t→Wq), where the denominator includes the sum over all down-type quarks (q = b, s, d), is measured in the tt- dilepton final state with proton-proton collision data at s=8 TeV from an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1, collected with the CMS detector. In order to quantify the purity of the signal sample, the cross section is measured by fitting the observed jet multiplicity, thereby constraining the signal and background contributions. By counting the number of b jets per event, an unconstrained value of R=1.014±0.003(stat.)±0.032(syst.) is measured, in a good agreement with current precision measurements in electroweak and flavour sectors. A lower limit R&gt;0.955 at the 95% confidence level is obtained after requiring R≤1, and a lower limit on the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix element |Vtb| &gt; 0.975 is set at 95% confidence level. The result is combined with a previous CMS measurement of the t-channel single-top-quark cross section to determine the top-quark total decay width, Γt=1.36±0.02(stat.)-0.11+0.14(syst.) GeV. © 2014 Elsevier B.V