Le curage lombo-aortique en gynécologie (un sujet controversé)

LIMOGES-BU Médecine pharmacie (870852108) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF

Milk polar lipids affect [i]in vitro[/i] digestive lipolysis and postprandial lipid metabolism in mice

Background:Polar lipid (PL) emulsifiers such as milk PLs (MPLs) may affect digestion and subsequent lipid metabolism,but focused studies on postprandial lipemia are lacking.Objective:We evaluated the impact of MPLs on postprandial lipemia in mice and on lipid digestion in vitro.Methods:Female Swiss mice were gavaged with 150mL of oil-in-water emulsion stabilized with 5.7 mg of either MPLs or soybean PLs (SPLs) and killed after 1, 2, or 4 h. Plasma lipids were quantified and in the small intestine, gene expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase–quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Emulsions were lipolyzed in vitro using a static human digestion model; triglyceride (TG) disappearance was followed by thin-layer chromatography. Results:In mice, after 1 h, plasma TGs tended to be higher in the MPL group than in the SPL group (141 mg/mL vs. 90mg/mL; P = 0.07) and nonesterified fatty acids (NEFAs) were significantly higher (64 mg/mL vs. 44 mg/mL;P < 0.05). The opposite was observed after 4 h with lower TGs (21 mg/mL vs. 35 mg/mL; P < 0.01) and NEFAs (20 mg/mL vs. 32 mg/mL; P < 0.01) in the MPL group compared with the SPL group. This was associated at 4 h with a lower gene expression of apolipoprotein B ( Apob) and Secretion Associated, Ras related GTPase 1 gene homolog B ( Sar1b ), in the duodenum of MPL mice compared with SPL mice ( P < 0.05). Invitro, during the intestinal phase, TGs were more hydrolyzed in the MPL emulsion compared with the SPL emulsion (decremental AUC was 1750%/min vs. 180%/min; P < 0.01). MPLs enhance lipid intestinal hydrolysis and promote more rapid intestinal lipidabsorption and sharper kinetics of lipemia.Conclusions:Postprandial lipemia in mice can be modulated by emulsifying with MPLs compared with SPLs, partlythrough differences in chylomicron assembly, and TG hydrolysis rate as observed in vitro. MPLs may thereby contribute to the long-term regulation of lipid metabolism

Phospholipids in Milk Fat: Composition, Biological and Technological Significance, and Analytical Strategies

Glycerophospholipids and sphingolipids are quantitatively the most important phospholipids (PLs) in milk. They are located on the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) and in other membranous material of the skim milk phase. They include principally phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylserine, while sphingomyelin is the dominant species of sphingolipids There is considerable evidence that PLs have beneficial health effects, such as regulation of the inflammatory reactions, chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic activity on some types of cancer, and inhibition of the cholesterol absorption. PLs show good emulsifying properties and can be used as a delivery system for liposoluble constituents. Due to the amphiphilic characteristics of these molecules, their extraction, separation and detection are critical points in the analytical approach. The extraction by using chloroform and methanol, followed by the determination by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC), coupled with evaporative light scattering (ELSD) or mass detector (MS), are the most applied procedures for the PL evaluation. More recently, nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry (NMR) was also used, but despite it demonstrating high sensitivity, it requires more studies to obtain accurate results. This review is focused on milk fat phospholipids; their composition, biological activity, technological properties, and significance in the structure of milk fat. Different analytical methodologies are also discussed

Bioavailability and metabolism of dietary lipids

International audienc