Antitrust and Competition Law Update: F. Hoffman-La Roche Ltd. v. Empagran: Supreme Court Restricts Extraterritorial Reach of U.S. Antitrust Laws

On June 14, the U.S. Supreme Court issued an important opinion on the extraterritorial reach of U.S. antitrust laws in F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. v. Empagran, S.A.1 The opinion, written by Justice Breyer, restricts the extraterritorial application of the antitrust laws under the Foreign Trade Antitrust Improvements Act of 1982 (FTAIA). The Court unanimously held that purchasers in overseas markets claiming injury from price fixing (or other antitrust violations) cannot sue in U.S. courts by alleging that they were harmed by conduct that also injured consumers in the United States, at least absent allegations that injury to U.S. consumers facilitated the harm to them. The decision, however, leaves open some questions whether such antitrust claims can be redressed in U.S. courts in limited circumstances

Predicting Divine Action

This article sets out a formal procedure for determining the probability that God would do a specified action, using a subset of the theologian’s beliefs I will refer to as ‘moral knowledge’: our beliefs about what is right for us to do, and our beliefs about the details of situations which bear on what we should do. Why would we want to determine such probabilities? To begin answering, I point out how predictions of divine action are central to natural theology, as well as relevant to other pieces of religious reasoning (section 2). After setting out the procedure (sections 3-6), I will give a better answer to another obvious criticism. Perhaps natural theology has got by well enough so far with implicit or explicit judgments about what God would do, and when we have needed to be explicit about the probability of these predictions, ‘ball-parked’ figures based on ‘hunches’ or ‘intuitions’ have served us well, whereas the precision I offer brings needless complexity. I will therefore explain (section 7) how this increased precision helps interlocutors to structure discussions and focus on the deeper sources of disagreement in natural theological controversies

Optical full Hadamard matrix multiplexing and noise effects: errata

The model for Poisson random noise under Hadamard multiplexing is revised. The new model accounts for the variation of the Hadamard multiplexed measurements, as well as the previously considered variation due to Poisson fluctuations. A numerical simulation matches the model prediction within uncertainty

Colour image processing and texture analysis on images of porterhouse steak meat

This paper outlines two colour image processing and texture analysis techniques applied to meat images and assessment of error due to the use of JPEG compression at image capture. JPEG error analysis was performed by capturing TIFF and JPEG images, then calculating the RMS difference and applying a calibration between block boundary features and subjective visual JPEG scores. Both scores indicated high JPEG quality. Correction of JPEG blocking error was trialled and found to produce minimal improvement in the RMS difference. The texture analysis methods used were singular value decomposition over pixel blocks and complex cell analysis. The block singular values were classified as meat or non- meat by Fisher linear discriminant analysis with the colour image processing result used as ‘truth.’ Using receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis, an area under the ROC curve of 0.996 was obtained, demonstrating good correspondence between the colour image processing and the singular values. The complex cell analysis indicated a ‘texture angle’ expected from human inspection

IMPLICATIONS FOR LEARNING A SECOND LANGUAGE: GENERAL DISCUSSION

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/75601/1/j.1749-6632.1981.tb42022.x.pd

So small, so sweet, so soon

This thesis provides a conceptual framework for So Small, So Sweet, So Soon, an MFA body of work by Katherine Burling. The document interweaves personal narrative, creative influences, historical references and political commentary that explore the work’s relevance to America in the 21st century

An Introductory Course In Reading French

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98407/1/j.1467-1770.1978.tb00308.x.pd

Some Outlandish Proposals For The Teaching Of Foreign Languages

Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/98107/1/j.1467-1770.1987.tb00390.x.pd