4,539 research outputs found
Experience of Robotic Exoskeleton Use at Four Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems Centers
Background and Purpose: Refinement of robotic exoskeletons for overground walking is progressing rapidly. We describe clinicians\u27 experiences, evaluations, and training strategies using robotic exoskeletons in spinal cord injury rehabilitation and wellness settings and describe clinicians\u27 perceptions of exoskeleton benefits and risks and developments that would enhance utility.
Methods: We convened focus groups at 4 spinal cord injury model system centers. A court reporter took verbatim notes and provided a transcript. Research staff used a thematic coding approach to summarize discussions.
Results: Thirty clinicians participated in focus groups. They reported using exoskeletons primarily in outpatient and wellness settings; 1 center used exoskeletons during inpatient rehabilitation. A typical episode of outpatient exoskeleton therapy comprises 20 to 30 sessions and at least 2 staff members are involved in each session. Treatment focuses on standing, stepping, and gait training; therapists measure progress with standardized assessments. Beyond improved gait, participants attributed physiological, psychological, and social benefits to exoskeleton use. Potential risks included falls, skin irritation, and disappointed expectations. Participants identified enhancements that would be of value including greater durability and adjustability, lighter weight, 1-hand controls, ability to navigate stairs and uneven surfaces, and ability to balance without upper extremity support.
Discussion and Conclusions: Each spinal cord injury model system center had shared and distinct practices in terms of how it integrates robotic exoskeletons into physical therapy services. There is currently little evidence to guide integration of exoskeletons into rehabilitation therapy services and a pressing need to generate evidence to guide practice and to inform patients\u27 expectations as more devices enter the market.
Background and Purpose: Refinement of robotic exoskeletons for overground walking is progressing rapidly. We describe clinicians\u27 experiences, evaluations, and training strategies using robotic exoskeletons in spinal cord injury rehabilitation and wellness settings and describe clinicians\u27 perceptions of exoskeleton benefits and risks and developments that would enhance utility.
Methods: We convened focus groups at 4 spinal cord injury model system centers. A court reporter took verbatim notes and provided a transcript. Research staff used a thematic coding approach to summarize discussions.
Results: Thirty clinicians participated in focus groups. They reported using exoskeletons primarily in outpatient and wellness settings; 1 center used exoskeletons during inpatient rehabilitation. A typical episode of outpatient exoskeleton therapy comprises 20 to 30 sessions and at least 2 staff members are involved in each session. Treatment focuses on standing, stepping, and gait training; therapists measure progress with standardized assessments. Beyond improved gait, participants attributed physiological, psychological, and social benefits to exoskeleton use. Potential risks included falls, skin irritation, and disappointed expectations. Participants identified enhancements that would be of value including greater durability and adjustability, lighter weight, 1-hand controls, ability to navigate stairs and uneven surfaces, and ability to balance without upper extremity support.
Discussion and Conclusions: Each spinal cord injury model system center had shared and distinct practices in terms of how it integrates robotic exoskeletons into physical therapy services. There is currently little evidence to guide integration of exoskeletons into rehabilitation therapy services and a pressing need to generate evidence to guide practice and to inform patients\u27 expectations as more devices enter the market
Quelques enzymes végétales à potentiel antimicrobien
Cet article porte sur un certain nombre d'activitĂ©s enzymatiques d'origine vĂ©gĂ©tale possĂ©dant la propriĂ©tĂ© d'altĂ©rer des polysaccharides pariĂ©taux bactĂ©riens ou fongiques. Ces activitĂ©s sont prĂ©sentĂ©es selon les cinq aspects suivants. PremiĂšrement, on traitera de la dĂ©tection et de la diversitĂ© Ă©lectrophorĂ©tiques de certaines enzymes Ă potentiel antimicrobien. Ces enzymes sont les chitinases, les dĂ©acĂ©tylases de la chitine, les chitosanases, les Ă-1,3-glucanases, les lysozymes et d'autres activitĂ©s hydrolysant les parois bactĂ©riennes ou fongiques. DeuxiĂšmement, on prĂ©sentera des rĂ©sultats d'inhibition de croissance de certains microorganismes exposĂ©s Ă des enzymes vĂ©gĂ©tales sĂ©parĂ©es Ă©lectrophorĂ©tiquement. TroisiĂšmement, certaines donnĂ©es sur des plants transgĂ©niques exprimant des enzymes Ă potentiel antimicrobien seront discutĂ©es briĂšvement. QuatriĂšmement, quatre enzymes prĂ©sentes chez les vĂ©gĂ©taux seront comparĂ©es Ă leur Ă©quivalent microbien ou animal. Ces enzymes sont les chitinases, les chitosanases, les Ă-1,3-glucanases (laminarinases) et les lysozymes. La comparaison indique que toutes ces activitĂ©s se trouvent chez certains microorganismes et animaux supĂ©rieurs en plus de leur prĂ©sence chez les vĂ©gĂ©taux. Les chitosanases n'ont cependant pas encore Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ©es chez les animaux. Il s'agit lĂ d'une exception fort intĂ©ressante par rapport aux autres enzymes mais dont la signification n'a pas Ă©tĂ© Ă©lucidĂ©e. Enfin, le cinquiĂšme aspect traitera de quatre types d'enzymes vĂ©gĂ©tales Ă potentiel antimicrobien en fonction des protĂ©ines vĂ©gĂ©tales reliĂ©es Ă la pathogenĂšse (protĂ©ines PR). Les protĂ©ines PR sont des protĂ©ines de stress dont la synthĂšse denovo est stimulĂ©e par divers agents biotiques ou abiotiques. Dans certaines conditions de stress, les chitinases, les chitosanases, les Ă-1,3-glucanases (laminarinases) et les lysozymes d'origine vĂ©gĂ©tale sont des protĂ©ines PR. Par contre, ces activitĂ©s enzymatiques peuvent ĂȘtre aussi exprimĂ©es de façon constitutive et sous diverses formes molĂ©culaires dans certains organes des plantes supĂ©rieures. Les organes reproducteurs semblent particuliĂšrement une excellente source de certaines isoformes de ces enzymes Ă potentiel antimicrobien.Some enzymatic activities found in plants and exhibiting the capacity to alter bacterial or fungal cell wall polysaccharides are presented according to the following five aspects. The electrophoretic detection and diversity of some enzymes with antimicrobial potential will first be discussed. These enzymes are: chitinases, chitin deacetylases, chitosanases, Ă-1,3-glucanases, lysozymes and some activities hydrolysing bacterial or fungal walls. Secondly, results dealing with growth inhibition assays of some microorganisms exposed to plant enzymes separated by electrophoresis will be considered. Thirdly, some data on transgenic plants expressing enzymes of antimicrobial potential will be briefly discussed. Four enzymes found in plants will then be compared to their microbial or animal equivalent. These enzymes are: chitinases, chitosanases, Ă-1,3-glucanases (laminarinases) and lysozymes. The comparison shows that all these activities can be found in some microorganisms and higher animals in addition to their presence in plants. However, chitosanases have not been yet reported in animals. This is a very interesting exception when compared to the other enzymes, but whose significance has not been elucidated. Finally, four plant enzymes with antimicrobial potential will be presented in relation with the pathogenesis-related proteins (PR proteins). The PR proteins are stress proteins for which de novo synthesis is stimulated by various abiotic or biotic agents. Under certain stress conditions, plant chitinases, chitosanases, Ă-1,3-glucanases (laminarinases) and lysozymes are PR proteins. However, these enzymatic activities can be expressed constitutively as various molecular forms in some organs of higher plants. Reproductive organs seem an excellent source of some isoforms of these potentially antimicrobial enzymes
Le marbre et la chair : Le modĂšle tactile dans lâesthĂ©tique matĂ©rialiste de Diderot
Comme lâaffirme Martin Jay, les LumiĂšres sont sans doute gĂ©nĂ©ralement « ocularocentristes » : la vue y est privilĂ©giĂ©e et la vision est conçue comme le modĂšle de toute perception et de la connaissance en gĂ©nĂ©ral. Diderot peut sembler participer Ă ce mouvement, par son intĂ©rĂȘt marquĂ© pour les arts visuels ou encore par lâimportance quâil accorde Ă la pantomime et au tableau au thĂ©Ăątre. Mais en fait, le philosophe nâa cessĂ© de faire la critique de lâhĂ©gĂ©monie de la vue pour penser lâexpĂ©rience selon un autre modĂšle, un modĂšle tactile, qui suppose un contact physique entre le sujet et lâobjet. Dans son Salon de 1763, puis dans Le rĂȘve de dâAlembert, Diderot choisit une sculpture pour illustrer sa conception du rapport esthĂ©tique. Le Pygmalion et GalatĂ©e de Falconet est chaque fois lâoccasion pour lui dâaffirmer la continuitĂ© du sujet et du monde, du marbre et de la chair.The Enlightenment can be generally considered, as Martin Jay has shown, âocularcentricâ: preference is given to sight, and vision is conceived as the model of all and any perception and knowledge. Diderot, because of his strong interest for the visual arts or of the importance he gives to pantomine and to the tableau in theater, can seem at first to partake to this movement. But in fact, the philosopher repeatedly criticizes the hegemony of vision, and instead suggested to conceive experience according to another model, a tactile model that supposes physical contact between subject and object. In his Salon de 1763 and in Le rĂȘve de dâAlembert, Diderot picks a sculpture to illustrate his conception of the aesthetic relation. Falconetâs Pygmalion et GalatĂ©e is, in both texts, the occasion for Diderot to reaffirm the continuity between subject and world, between marble and flesh
Lâhistoire ruinĂ©e, les maĂźtres trahis. De lâadaptation
Dans lâhistoire des rapports entre les arts, lâadaptation â la transposition dâune oeuvre dâun genre Ă un autre, dâun mĂ©dium Ă un autre â a toujours jouĂ© un rĂŽle central. Le postulat de base de toute adaptation est que les mĂ©dias sont traduisibles les uns dans les autres ou, au moins, que lâessentiel dâune oeuvre â le « contenu », lâ« histoire », le « rĂ©fĂ©rent », le « sens », par opposition Ă la « forme », au « rĂ©cit », au « signifiant » â peut passer dâun mĂ©dium Ă lâautre. Contre ce postulat, certains prĂ©fĂšrent penser que lâadaptation est impossible, quâune oeuvre est toujours intraduisible et que toute traduction est toujours une nouvelle oeuvre. Lâadaptation tĂ©lĂ©visuelle de lâadaptation thĂ©Ăątrale des MaĂźtres anciens de Thomas Bernhard fournit ici lâoccasion dâexaminer certaines de ces questions â en particulier celles de lâadaptation de la voix narrative et des temps, du point de vue et des lieux.Adaptation â the transposition of a work from a genre or a medium to another â has played a central role in the history of the relations between the arts. The main postulate of any adaptation is that mediums are translatable : it is assumed that the â content â of a work â its â reference â, its â sense â, the â story â, by opposition to its â form â, its â signifier â, the â narration â â may be conveyed from one medium to another with no great loss. Against this postulate, some consider that adaptation is simply impossible : a work is always untranslatable, a translation is always a new work. MaĂźtres anciens, the recent adaptation for television of a stage adaptation of text by Thomas Bernhard, raises many of these issues â in particular, those of the adaptation of narrative voice and time, of point of view and spaces
Making Better Informed Decisions Related to Behavior and Learning Challenges
Students as young as preschool are struggling with behaviors and learning challenges and this is being discovered after we had admitted them to the private school that I work at. We know very little about a child\u27s background and this is why I created and piloted a questionnaire that would provide with a child\u27s medical, social and emotional history. This questionnaire may allow the school make informed decisions towards placement and possible interventions
Schoolyard agency : childhood, mobility and cultural reproduction amongst mobile families
LâexpĂ©rience que les enfants font de leur communautĂ© est le rĂ©sultat de lâinteraction de plusieurs facteurs. Parmi ceux-ci, lâagencĂ©itĂ© des enfants est identifiĂ©e comme Ă©tant dâune grande importance, malgrĂ© les contraintes imposĂ©es par des facteurs externes tels les structures organisationnelles et institutionnelles ou la participation au sein de registres sĂ©miotiques. En utilisant le cas prĂ©sentĂ© par les familles militaires francophones de Cold Lake, en Alberta, cette dissertation contribue Ă tracer le portrait dâenfants qui jouent un rĂŽle dâimportance dans lâexpĂ©rience de la vie communautaire ainsi que dans les processus de formation identitaire au niveau de la communautĂ©. La vie sociale des jeunes francophones de Cold Lake est caractĂ©risĂ©e par un haut niveau de mobilitĂ© et est assujettie Ă des registres sĂ©miotiques persistants au travers de discours couvrant des sujets tels la mobilitĂ©, le militaire, et lâidentitĂ© francophone. Le travail ethnographique accompli Ă Cold Lake permet de dĂ©crire une communautĂ© oĂč se rencontrent des individus ayant vĂ©cu leur mobilitĂ© familiale dans des contextes diffĂ©rents et de documenter les effets de cette diversitĂ© sur lâexpĂ©rience communautaire des enfants ainsi que sur leur concept dâidentitĂ© et dâappartenance. Cette rĂ©flexion est fondĂ©e sur un travail the terrain ethnographique autour de la communautĂ© associĂ©e Ă la base de la 4iĂšme Escadre de Cold Lake, une base de lâAviation royale canadienne. En Ă©tudiant une communautĂ© caractĂ©risĂ©e par la mobilitĂ© de ses membres, je fais la dĂ©monstration que la continuitĂ© au niveau communautaire, ainsi que la reproduction culturelle, nâest pas nĂ©cessairement liĂ©e Ă une continuitĂ© au sein de la population. Ce faisant, je prĂ©sente la communautĂ© comme rĂ©sultant de lâexpĂ©rience dâenvironnements sociaux par le biais dâune lâagencĂ©itĂ© entrant en contact avec des registres sĂ©miotiques au sein de structures institutionnelles. Finalement, cette dissertation fait aussi la description des dĂ©fis et des opportunitĂ©s que rencontrent les familles militaires francophones de Cold Lake. Leur situation particuliĂšre, en tant quâindividus mobiles vivant en marge de plusieurs institutions et organisations, nous permet dâaffiner la comprĂ©hension des impacts de la mobilitĂ© et des conflits de loyautĂ© sur les concepts dâappartenance et dâidentitĂ©.In this dissertation, I show that while the experience that children have of their community is influenced by external factors such as semiotic registers and structural relationships, it is also shaped through their own agency. Through working with children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake, Alberta, I contribute to a portrayal of children as playing an important role, not only in how they experience community, but in the very shaping of the community itself. Through a focus on how children of military members attending the French school Ăcole Voyageur experience their social environment, it becomes apparent that while this is characterized by a high degree of mobility, they are nevertheless subjected to lasting semiotic registers defined by ongoing discourses surrounding topics such as mobility, the military, and francophone identity. By taking account of how children of mobile families, and adults involved in their lives, express their understanding of their place within various institutions, this dissertation contributes to furthering the understanding of potential effects of various patterns of mobility on childhood experiences of community and concepts of identity and belonging. This work is grounded in data collected during fieldwork in and around a military community associated with 4 Wing Cold Lake, a Royal Canadian Air Force base. What is shown with the data gathered from fieldwork is that continuity in a community, and even cultural maintenance, does not require continuity within the population. In doing so I show that conflicting views concerning the idea of community can be reconciled by describing it as the result of experience of social environments through the encounter of individual agency with semiotic registers and networks of institutional structures. Finally, this work also describes some of the challenges and opportunities encountered by children of French-speaking military families in Cold Lake. Their particular situation, as mobile individuals evolving on the margin of multiple institutions and organisations, makes them subjects of interest to understand the impacts of mobility and of diverging loyalties on concepts of belonging and identity
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