Shining a Light on the QGP - Electroweak Probes Experimental Summary

Objects which are only subject to the electroweak force are an ideal probe of QCD in high density and temperature environments as they carry information about the conditions during their production out of the QGP without interacting with it. Thus they can be used to characterize the initial state as well as several properties of the QGP and its evolution. Within this article the recent results regarding these electroweak probes presented at the 9$^{th}$ Hard Probes Conference (Aix-les-Bains, France, 2018) will be summarized. In particular the following questions will be addressed: Can we determine the necessary energy and particle density for the QGP creation using electromagnetic probes? Can we use light-by-light scattering in heavy-ion collisions to do precision tests of QED and measure the magnetic field of the QGP? How are quark jets modified by the presence of the QGP? What can we learn about the initial state and scaling properties in pp, p(d)-A and A-A collisions from the production of high \pt\ photons, Z$^0$ and W$^\pm$ bosons? In the version provided on arXiv, additional plots are included in the appendix with respect to the version submitted for publication in the journal.Comment: 16 pages, 8 figures, 9th Hard Probes Conference (Aix-les-Bains, France, 2018), proceedings with additional figure

Measurement of Direct Photons and Neutral Mesons in Small Collisions Systems with the ALICE Experiment at the LHC

The Quark-Gluon Plasma (QGP), a strongly interacting state of matter in which quarks and gluons are deconfined, is hypothesized to have existed merely a few micro-seconds after the Big Bang. This state can be studied experimentally in heavy ion collisions at the current high-energy particle accelerators, like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However, recently the size of the collision system, which is required to create a QGP has been been put into question and many measurements suggests that this might even be possible in high multiplicity pp or p–Pb collisions. The research study of direct carried out in this thesis focuses on the photons and neutral mesons in pp collisions at √s = 2.76 TeV and p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE detector at the LHC. The neutral pion and η meson have been reconstructed in their two photon decay channels. For that up to four different reconstruction methods have been pursued within this thesis, out of which two are entirely new within ALICE, exploiting the full photon detection capabilities of ALICE. Like this the neutral pion spectra could be measured up to transverse momenta of 40 GeV/c in pp collision and a new level of precision could be reached for identified particle measurements in p–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV. For pp collisions new high precision inputs for the determination of the fragmentation functions for neutral pions and η mesons are provided and the current models are compared to the obtained results. For p–Pb collisions a small suppression can be observed beyond 4 GeV/c with respect to an interpolated pp reference at the same center-of-mass energy. It is investigated further through the comparison with various models and results from other identified particles, in order to test whether another ansatz, taking into account only cold nuclear matter effects, would yield a similar suppression. For the direct photons three partially independent reconstruction techniques are presented, two of which are entirely new in ALICE, as well as, their combined results for in minimum bias pp and p–Pb collisions. The combination of the results yields a significant direct photon excess in p–Pb collisions beyond 6 GeV/c, which is in agreement with the predicted excess from prompt photons in this collision system. Below these momenta and for pp collision at √s = 2.76 TeV upper limits on the possible direct photon production can be provided. In this region a possible thermal photon signal of 2 − 3% cannot be excluded within the current uncertainties

Untersuchung der Dynamik von Resistenzvarianten des Hepatitis-B-Virus unter Drittlinientherapie mit Tenofovir mittels Tiefenpyrosequenzierung bei Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-B-Virusinfektion mit Schwerpunkt auf den Adefovir-Resistenzvarianten und Verlauf der HBV-Quasispezies

Eine Monotherapie mit Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) stellt eine hoch effiziente Therapie-option für multipel vorbehandelte Patienten mit chronischer Hepatitis-B-Virusinfektion (HBV) dar. Eine Resistenz gegen TDF wurde bislang nicht beschrieben, jedoch wird ein möglicher negativer Einfluss von Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV)-Resistenzvarianten auf die TDF-Ansprechrate diskutiert. Diese retrospektive Kohortenstudie untersucht die Dynamik von Nukleos(t)id-Analoga (NA)-Resistenzvarianten im HBV-Polymerasegen mit Fokus auf ADV-Resistenzvarianten bei 18 chronisch HBV-infizierten Patienten mit Therapieversagen auf eine vorangegangene Lamivudin (LAM)- und ADV-Therapie, sowie nur partiellem Therapieansprechen auf eine TDF-Monotherapie. Zur Detektion von NA-Resistenzvarianten wird eine HBV-Genomsequenzierung mit Tiefenpyrosequenzierung (Genome Sequencer FLX, Roche Diagnostics, Germany) (UDPS), direkte Sequenzierung (TRUGENETM HBV Genotyping Kit, OpenGeneTM DNA Sequencing Sys-tem, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, USA) (TG) und Line Probe Assay (INNO-LiPa DRv2 und v3, Innogenetics, Belgium) (INNO-LiPA) durchgeführt. Unter TDF kommt es zu einer quantitati-ven Shift zugunsten der ADV-Resistenzvarianten mit konstant bleibendem Anteil und deutlich höher persistierender Virämie zu Monat 12 im Vergleich zu Patienten ohne ADV-Resistenzvarianten. Vor allem werden die Varianten rtA181V und rtN236T selektiert, jedoch nicht die Variante rtA181T. Die absolute Anzahl der LAM-Resistenzvarianten hingegen halbiert sich. Varianten mit einem initial per UDPS detektierten Anteil von >20% der patientenspezifi-schen HBV-Population werden meist selektiert und nehmen im Verlauf den Hauptanteil der Quasispezies ein. UDPS stellte ein potentes Medium der Detektion, Identifikation und Quantifi-zierung von HBV-Varianten dar und ist INNO-LiPa und TG überlegen. Es ergibt sich kein Hin-weis auf TDF-Resistenzvarianten, jedoch zeigt das Vorliegen von ADV-Resistenzvarianten ei-nen tendentiell negativen Einfluss auf die virale Kinetik. Weitere größere Langzeitstudien sind zur Bestätigung dieser Beobachtung notwendig.:INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 2 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS 5 TABELLENVERZEICHNIS 6 1 BIBLIOGRAPHISCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 8 ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS 9 2 EINFÜHRUNG 10 2.1 Epidemiologie der chronischen Hepatitis-B-Virusinfektion 10 2.2 Aufbau, Replikation und Resistenzentwicklung des Hepatitis-B-Virusgenoms 10 2.3 Antivirale Therapie 13 2.4 Sequenziermethoden 14 3 AUFGABENSTELLUNG 15 4 MATERIAL UND METHODE 16 4.1 Studiendesign und Beschreibung der Kohorte 16 4.2 Evaluation der TDF-Monotherapie und Resistenzanalyse 17 4.3 Statistische Auswertung 18 4.4 Verbrauchsmaterialien und Reagenzien 18 4.5 Puffer 22 4.6 Geräte 22 4.7 Durchführung der Laborarbeiten 24 4.8 HBV-DNA Quantifizierung und Bestimmung biochemischer Parameter 24 4.9 Extraktion von Nukleinsäuren aus Serumproben 24 4.10 Tiefenpyrosequenzierung mittels Genome Sequencer FLX System (454 Life Science, Roche Diagnostic, Branford, CT) 25 4.10.1 GS FLX HBV-DNA-Library 25 4.10.2 GS FLX Emulsions-PCR 31 4.10.3 GS FLX Sequenzierung 37 4.10.4 GS FLX Datenauswertung 41 4.11 Direkte Sequenzierung mittels TRUGENETM HBV Genotyping Kit (OpenGeneTM DNA Sequencing System, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, USA) 42 4.11.1 PCR-Amplifikation 42 4.11.2 CLIP-Amplifikations-Reaktion 42 4.11.3 Genotyp-und Variantenanalyse 44 4.12 Sequenzierung mittels Line Probe Assay INNO-LiPa HBV DRv2 und v3 (Innogenetics, Belgium) 44 4.12.1 HBV-DNA Amplifikation 45 4.12.2 Denaturierung und Hybridisierung 46 4.12.3 Farbentwicklung 46 5 ERGEBNISSE 47 5.1 Patientencharakteristika zur Baseline 47 5.2 Virologisches Ansprechen 48 5.3 Biochemisches Ansprechen 49 5.4 Serologisches Ansprechen 50 5.5 Therapie-Adhärenz und medikamentöse Verträglichkeit 50 5.6 Ergebnisse der Tiefenpyrosequenzierung mit Genome Sequencer FLX System (454 Life Science, Roche Diagnostic, Branford, CT) 50 5.6.1 Verschiedene Einzelverläufe der NA-Resistenzvarianten 55 5.6.2 Kombiniert oder isoliert auftretenden NA-Resistenzvarianten 57 5.6.3 Entwicklung der ADV-Resistenzvarianten 61 5.6.4 Entwicklung der LAM-Resistenzvarianten 66 5.6.5 Entwicklung der ETV-Resistenzvarianten 68 5.6.6 Shift der NA-Resistenzvarianten und Auswirkung auf die Dynamik der HBV-DNA 70 5.6.7 Entwicklung der potentiellen NA-Resistenzvarianten 72 5.6.8 Entwicklung der HBsAg-Varianten 75 5.6.9 Entwicklung der HBV-Quasispezies 77 5.7 Ergebnisse der direkten Sequenzierung mit TRUGENETM HBV Genotyping Kit (OpenGeneTM DNA Sequencing System, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, USA) 80 5.8 Ergebnisse des Line Probe Assays mit INNO-LiPa HBV DRv2 und v3 (Innogenetics, Belgium) 81 5.9 Vergleich der Sequenziermethoden 81 6 DISKUSSION 83 6.1 Patientenkohorte und Ansprechen auf die TDF-Monotherapie 83 6.2 Entwicklung und Einfluss der ADV-Resistenzvarianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 84 6.3 Entwicklung und Einfluss der LAM-Resistenzvarianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 90 6.4 Entwicklung und Einfluss der ETV-Resistenzvarianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 92 6.5 Entwicklung und Einfluss der HBV-Wildtyp-Varianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 93 6.6 Entwicklung und Einfluss der potentiellen NA-Resistenzvarianten 94 6.7 Entwicklung und Einfluss der HBsAg-Varianten 96 6.8 Einfluss von multiplen Vortherapien unter TDF-Monotherapie 98 6.9 Entwicklung und Einfluss der HBV-DNA-Serumkonzentration 98 6.10 Entwicklung und Einfluss von HBV-Quasispezies unter TDF-Monotherapie 100 6.11 Vergleich der Sequenziermethoden 101 7 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ARBEIT 106 8 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 109 9 EIDESSTATTLICHE VERSICHERUNG 114 10 CURRICULUM VITAE 115 11 ANTEILSERKLÄRUNG AN ERFOLGTEN PUBLIKATIONEN 116 12 DANKSAGUNG 117Tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is a highly efficient treatment option for nucleos(t)ide analogue (NA) pre-treated patients with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Little is known about the reasons for persistent virus replication in some rare cases. As of today, no TDF resistance variants have been identified, but a possible linkage to Adefovir dipivoxil (ADV) resistance associated variants negatively influencing HBV-DNA suppression by TDF has been suspected, based on the similarity of the chemical structure. In this retrospective cohort study the dynamics of NA resistance variants in the HBV polymerase gene with focus on ADV resistance variants were assessed. For this, we have chosen a cohort including patients with multiple failures to treatment with different NAs. Thus, data of 18 patients with previous treatment failure to LAM and ADV was analysed, showing a persistent viremia (HBV-DNA >35 copies/mL) despite switch to TDF monotherapy (median HBV-DNA at month 12 3,5±0,8 (2,1-4,9) log10 copies/mL). Sequencing analysis was performed with ultra-deep pyrosequencing (UDPS) (Genome Sequencer FLX, 454 Life Science, Roche Diagnostic, Branford, CT), direct sequencing (TG) (TRUGENETM HBV Genotyping Kit, OpenGeneTM DNA Sequencing System, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, USA) and line probe assay (INNO-LiPA) (INNO-LiPa DRv2/v3, Innogenetics, Belgium). Using TDF monotherapy, a quantitative shift in favour to ADV resistance variants was observed in this cohort. The percentage of substitutions conferring resistance to ADV at baseline (BL) and at the time of the last sequencing endpoint (EP) of the HBV genome remained constant (BL 35%, 13/37, EP 36%, 9/25). The variants rtA181V and rtN236T were mostly selected, whereas rtA181T was not selected. The total amount of substitutions conferring resistance to Lamivudin (LAM) showed a strong decline, however remained the majority part of all NA resistance variants (BL 51% (19/37), EP 40% (10/25)). The percentage of ETV resistance variants increased slightly (BL 14% (5/37), EP 24% (6/25)). Known ADV, Lam and ETV resistance variants emerged in variable abundance (1,0-99,6%) of quasispecies during TDF therapy. A homogenization of HBV quasispecies took place. Especially mutations occurring in higher abundance (>20% of viral population) were mostly selected (BL 51% (19/37), EP 80% (20/25)). No new HBV variants with possible association to resistance against TDF were identified, but patients with ADV resistance variants showed the highest HBV-DNA level at month 12 of TDF therapy (median HBV-DNA 3,57±0,72 (2,14-3,96) log10 copies/mL, not significant). A negative influence of ADV resistance variants on viral suppression with TDF monotherapy may be assumed, however more long-term studies are needed to confirm the role of ADV resistance variants in TDF therapy. UDPS is a potent medium for detection, identification and quantification of dominant to low level variants in HBV-DNA. It is superior to direct sequencing and line probe assay in the detection of variants.:INHALTSVERZEICHNIS 2 ABBILDUNGSVERZEICHNIS 5 TABELLENVERZEICHNIS 6 1 BIBLIOGRAPHISCHE ZUSAMMENFASSUNG 8 ABKÜRZUNGSVERZEICHNIS 9 2 EINFÜHRUNG 10 2.1 Epidemiologie der chronischen Hepatitis-B-Virusinfektion 10 2.2 Aufbau, Replikation und Resistenzentwicklung des Hepatitis-B-Virusgenoms 10 2.3 Antivirale Therapie 13 2.4 Sequenziermethoden 14 3 AUFGABENSTELLUNG 15 4 MATERIAL UND METHODE 16 4.1 Studiendesign und Beschreibung der Kohorte 16 4.2 Evaluation der TDF-Monotherapie und Resistenzanalyse 17 4.3 Statistische Auswertung 18 4.4 Verbrauchsmaterialien und Reagenzien 18 4.5 Puffer 22 4.6 Geräte 22 4.7 Durchführung der Laborarbeiten 24 4.8 HBV-DNA Quantifizierung und Bestimmung biochemischer Parameter 24 4.9 Extraktion von Nukleinsäuren aus Serumproben 24 4.10 Tiefenpyrosequenzierung mittels Genome Sequencer FLX System (454 Life Science, Roche Diagnostic, Branford, CT) 25 4.10.1 GS FLX HBV-DNA-Library 25 4.10.2 GS FLX Emulsions-PCR 31 4.10.3 GS FLX Sequenzierung 37 4.10.4 GS FLX Datenauswertung 41 4.11 Direkte Sequenzierung mittels TRUGENETM HBV Genotyping Kit (OpenGeneTM DNA Sequencing System, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, USA) 42 4.11.1 PCR-Amplifikation 42 4.11.2 CLIP-Amplifikations-Reaktion 42 4.11.3 Genotyp-und Variantenanalyse 44 4.12 Sequenzierung mittels Line Probe Assay INNO-LiPa HBV DRv2 und v3 (Innogenetics, Belgium) 44 4.12.1 HBV-DNA Amplifikation 45 4.12.2 Denaturierung und Hybridisierung 46 4.12.3 Farbentwicklung 46 5 ERGEBNISSE 47 5.1 Patientencharakteristika zur Baseline 47 5.2 Virologisches Ansprechen 48 5.3 Biochemisches Ansprechen 49 5.4 Serologisches Ansprechen 50 5.5 Therapie-Adhärenz und medikamentöse Verträglichkeit 50 5.6 Ergebnisse der Tiefenpyrosequenzierung mit Genome Sequencer FLX System (454 Life Science, Roche Diagnostic, Branford, CT) 50 5.6.1 Verschiedene Einzelverläufe der NA-Resistenzvarianten 55 5.6.2 Kombiniert oder isoliert auftretenden NA-Resistenzvarianten 57 5.6.3 Entwicklung der ADV-Resistenzvarianten 61 5.6.4 Entwicklung der LAM-Resistenzvarianten 66 5.6.5 Entwicklung der ETV-Resistenzvarianten 68 5.6.6 Shift der NA-Resistenzvarianten und Auswirkung auf die Dynamik der HBV-DNA 70 5.6.7 Entwicklung der potentiellen NA-Resistenzvarianten 72 5.6.8 Entwicklung der HBsAg-Varianten 75 5.6.9 Entwicklung der HBV-Quasispezies 77 5.7 Ergebnisse der direkten Sequenzierung mit TRUGENETM HBV Genotyping Kit (OpenGeneTM DNA Sequencing System, Siemens Healthcare Diagnostic, USA) 80 5.8 Ergebnisse des Line Probe Assays mit INNO-LiPa HBV DRv2 und v3 (Innogenetics, Belgium) 81 5.9 Vergleich der Sequenziermethoden 81 6 DISKUSSION 83 6.1 Patientenkohorte und Ansprechen auf die TDF-Monotherapie 83 6.2 Entwicklung und Einfluss der ADV-Resistenzvarianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 84 6.3 Entwicklung und Einfluss der LAM-Resistenzvarianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 90 6.4 Entwicklung und Einfluss der ETV-Resistenzvarianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 92 6.5 Entwicklung und Einfluss der HBV-Wildtyp-Varianten unter TDF-Monotherapie 93 6.6 Entwicklung und Einfluss der potentiellen NA-Resistenzvarianten 94 6.7 Entwicklung und Einfluss der HBsAg-Varianten 96 6.8 Einfluss von multiplen Vortherapien unter TDF-Monotherapie 98 6.9 Entwicklung und Einfluss der HBV-DNA-Serumkonzentration 98 6.10 Entwicklung und Einfluss von HBV-Quasispezies unter TDF-Monotherapie 100 6.11 Vergleich der Sequenziermethoden 101 7 ZUSAMMENFASSUNG DER ARBEIT 106 8 LITERATURVERZEICHNIS 109 9 EIDESSTATTLICHE VERSICHERUNG 114 10 CURRICULUM VITAE 115 11 ANTEILSERKLÄRUNG AN ERFOLGTEN PUBLIKATIONEN 116 12 DANKSAGUNG 11

The making of sustainability: ideological strategies, the materiality of nature, and biomass use in the bioeconomy

The bioeconomy, a recent addition to the political project of ecological modernization, is largely premised on the widespread use of biomass. Biomass is presented by bioeconomy proponents as renewable and, therefore, sustainable. However, a large body of academic and non-academic literature questions this sustainability, citing the negative socio-ecological aspects of biomass use. Given this contradiction, we ask how the key institutions of the innovation system (government, science, and industry), construct and uphold the image of sustainability of biomass use in the bioeconomy. Through an analysis based on ideology critique, we look at the broad field of biomass policy in Germany, including official bioeconomy strategies and biomass potential calculations, expert portrayals of biomass use in the bioeconomy-themed Year of Science, and an iconic biomass-based commodity. We identify four central ideological strategies that uphold the image of sustainability and contribute to creating political consent for the political project of the German bioeconomy: seeking managerial solutions, relying on technological innovation, relegating solutions into the future, and obscuring the materiality of nature. We discuss how these strategies are upheld by the wider discourse and institutions of ecological modernization and argue that particular attention should be given to the biophysical materiality of living nature in this context. The materiality of nature represents both an obstacle to the ideological strategies identified, and a starting point for envisioning alternative society–nature relations.Peer Reviewe

Novel formulations of oral bisphosphonates in the treatment of osteoporosis.

Oral bisphosphonates are a key intervention in the treatment of osteoporosis and in reducing the risk of fragility fractures. Their use is supported by over 3 decades of evidence; however, patient adherence to oral bisphosphonates remains poor in part due to complex dosing instructions and adverse events, including upper gastrointestinal symptoms. This problem has led to the development of novel oral bisphosphonate formulations. Buffered, effervescent alendronate is dissolved in water and so seeks to reduce upper gastro-intestinal adverse events, and gastro-resistant risedronate aims to reduce the complexity of dosing procedure (e.g. fasting prior to consumption) whilst still maintaining the efficacy of fracture risk reduction. Clinical trials and real-world data have been employed to demonstrate some benefits in terms of reduced upper gastro-intestinal adverse events, adherence, persistence and health economic outcomes. This report describes the result of an ESCEO (European Society for Clinical and Economic Aspects of Osteoporosis and Osteoarthritis) expert working group, which explores where oral bisphosphonates sit in current clinical practice guidelines, review their risk-benefit profile and the consequences of poor adherence before exploring novel oral bisphosphonate formulations and their potential clinical and health economic impact. Further research is required but there are signs that these novel, oral bisphosphonate formulations may lead to improved tolerance of oral bisphosphonates and thus, improved adherence and fracture outcomes

Azimuthal anisotropy of charged jet production in root s(NN)=2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions

We present measurements of the azimuthal dependence of charged jet production in central and semi-central root s(NN) = 2.76 TeV Pb-Pb collisions with respect to the second harmonic event plane, quantified as nu(ch)(2) (jet). Jet finding is performed employing the anti-k(T) algorithm with a resolution parameter R = 0.2 using charged tracks from the ALICE tracking system. The contribution of the azimuthal anisotropy of the underlying event is taken into account event-by-event. The remaining (statistical) region-to-region fluctuations are removed on an ensemble basis by unfolding the jet spectra for different event plane orientations independently. Significant non-zero nu(ch)(2) (jet) is observed in semi-central collisions (30-50% centrality) for 20 <p(T)(ch) (jet) <90 GeV/c. The azimuthal dependence of the charged jet production is similar to the dependence observed for jets comprising both charged and neutral fragments, and compatible with measurements of the nu(2) of single charged particles at high p(T). Good agreement between the data and predictions from JEWEL, an event generator simulating parton shower evolution in the presence of a dense QCD medium, is found in semi-central collisions. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe

Production of He-4 and (4) in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV at the LHC

Results on the production of He-4 and (4) nuclei in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S = 2.76 TeV in the rapidity range vertical bar y vertical bar <1, using the ALICE detector, are presented in this paper. The rapidity densities corresponding to 0-10% central events are found to be dN/dy4(He) = (0.8 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.3 (syst)) x 10(-6) and dN/dy4 = (1.1 +/- 0.4 (stat) +/- 0.2 (syst)) x 10(-6), respectively. This is in agreement with the statistical thermal model expectation assuming the same chemical freeze-out temperature (T-chem = 156 MeV) as for light hadrons. The measured ratio of (4)/He-4 is 1.4 +/- 0.8 (stat) +/- 0.5 (syst). (C) 2018 Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Forward-central two-particle correlations in p-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

Two-particle angular correlations between trigger particles in the forward pseudorapidity range (2.5 2GeV/c. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B. V.Peer reviewe

Event-shape engineering for inclusive spectra and elliptic flow in Pb-Pb collisions at root(NN)-N-S=2.76 TeV

Peer reviewe

Pseudorapidity and transverse-momentum distributions of charged particles in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

The pseudorapidity (eta) and transverse-momentum (p(T)) distributions of charged particles produced in proton-proton collisions are measured at the centre-of-mass energy root s = 13 TeV. The pseudorapidity distribution in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1.8 is reported for inelastic events and for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The pseudorapidity density of charged particles produced in the pseudorapidity region vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.5 is 5.31 +/- 0.18 and 6.46 +/- 0.19 for the two event classes, respectively. The transverse-momentum distribution of charged particles is measured in the range 0.15 <p(T) <20 GeV/c and vertical bar eta vertical bar <0.8 for events with at least one charged particle in vertical bar eta vertical bar <1. The evolution of the transverse momentum spectra of charged particles is also investigated as a function of event multiplicity. The results are compared with calculations from PYTHIA and EPOS Monte Carlo generators. (C) 2015 CERN for the benefit of the ALICE Collaboration. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).Peer reviewe