VLA 3.5 cm continuum sources in the Serpens cloud core

We present VLA 3.5 cm continuum observations of the Serpens cloud core. 22 radio continuum sources are detected. 16 out of the 22 cm sources are suggested to be associated with young stellar objects (Class 0, Class I, flat-spectrum, and Class II) of the young Serpens cluster. The rest of the VLA sources plausibly are background objects. Most of the Serpens cm sources likely represent thermal radio jets; on the other hand, the radio continuum emission of some sources could be due to a gyrosynchroton mechanism arising from coronally active young stars. The Serpens VLA sources are spatially distributed into two groups; one of them located towards the NW clump of the Serpens core, where only Class 0 and Class I protostars are found to present cm emission, and a second group located towards the SE clump, where radio continuum sources are associated with objects in evolutionary classes from Class 0 to Class II. This subgrouping is similar to that found in the near IR, mid-IR and mm wavelength regimes.Comment: 2 figures, accepted by Astronomical journa

Electromagnetic Transmission of Intellectual Property Data to Protect FPGA Designs

International audienceOver the past 10 years, the designers of intellectual properties(IP) have faced increasing threats including cloning, counterfeiting, andreverse-engineering. This is now a critical issue for the microelectronicsindustry. The design of a secure, efficient, lightweight protection scheme fordesign data is a serious challenge for the hardware security community. In thiscontext, this chapter presents two ultra-lightweight transmitters using sidechannel leakage based on electromagnetic emanation to send embedded IPidentity discreetly and quickl

High level expression of differentially localized BAG-1 isoforms in some oestrogen receptor-positive human breast cancers

Sensitivity to oestrogens and apoptosis are critical determinants of the development and progression of breast cancer and reflect closely linked pathways in breast epithelial cells. For example, induction of BCL-2 oncoprotein expression by oestrogen contributes to suppression of apoptosis and BCL-2 and oestrogen receptor (ER) are frequently co-expressed in tumours. BAG-1/HAP is a multifunctional protein which complexes with BCL-2 and steroid hormone receptors (including the ER), and can suppress apoptosis and influence steroid hormone-dependent transcription. Therefore, analysis of expression of BAG-1 in human breast cancer is of considerable interest. BAG-1 was readily detected by immunostaining in normal breast epithelial cells and most ER-positive tumours, but was undetectable or weakly expressed in ER-negative tumours. BAG-1 positive cells showed a predominantly cytoplasmic or cytoplasmic plus nuclear distribution of staining. A correlation between ER and BAG-1 was also evident in breast cancer derived cell lines, as all lines examined with functional ER expression also expressed high levels of BAG-1. In addition to the prototypical 36 kDa BAG-1 isoform, breast cancer cells expressed higher molecular weight isoforms and, in contrast to BCL-2, BAG-1 expression was independent of oestrogens. BAG-1 isoforms were differentially localized to the nucleus or cytoplasm and this was also independent of oestrogens. These results demonstrate a close association between BAG-1 and functional ER expression and suggest BAG-1 may be useful as a therapeutic target or prognostic marker in breast cancer. © 1999 Cancer Research Campaig

The JCMT Gould Belt Survey: evidence for radiative heating and contamination in the W40 complex

We present SCUBA-2 450 μm and 850 μm observations of the W40 complex in the Serpens-Aquila region as part of the James Clerk Maxwell Telescope (JCMT) Gould Belt Survey (GBS) of nearby star-forming regions. We investigate radiative heating by constructing temperature maps from the ratio of SCUBA-2 fluxes using a fixed dust opacity spectral index, β = 1.8, and a beam convolution kernel to achieve a common 14.8 arcsec resolution. We identify 82 clumps ranging between 10 and 36 K with a mean temperature of 20 ± 3 K. Clump temperature is strongly correlated with proximity to the external OB association and there is no evidence that the embedded protostars significantly heat the dust. We identify 31 clumps that have cores with densities greater than 105cm-3. 13 of these cores contain embedded Class 0/I protostars. Many cores are associated with bright-rimmed clouds seen in Herschel 70 μm images. From JCMT HARP observations of the 12CO 3-2 line, we find contamination of the 850 μm band of up to 20 per cent. We investigate the free-free contribution to SCUBA-2 bands from large-scale and ultracompact HII regions using archival VLA data and find the contribution is limited to individual stars, accounting for 9 per cent of flux per beam at 450 μm or 12 per cent at 850 μm in these cases. We conclude that radiative heating has potentially influenced the formation of stars in the Dust Arc sub-region, favouring Jeans stable clouds in the warm east and fragmentation in the cool west

Dense gas and the nature of the outflows

We present the results of the observations of the (J,K)=(1,1) and the (J,K)=(2,2) inversion transitions of the NH3 molecule toward a large sample of 40 regions with molecular or optical outflows, using the 37 m radio telescope of the Haystack Observatory. We detected NH3 emission in 27 of the observed regions, which we mapped in 25 of them. Additionally, we searched for the 6{16}-5{23} H2O maser line toward six regions, detecting H2O maser emission in two of them, HH265 and AFGL 5173. We estimate the physical parameters of the regions mapped in NH3 and analyze for each particular region the distribution of high density gas and its relationship with the presence of young stellar objects. From the global analysis of our data we find that in general the highest values of the line width are obtained for the regions with the highest values of mass and kinetic temperature. We also found a correlation between the nonthermal line width and the bolometric luminosity of the sources, and between the mass of the core and the bolometric luminosity. We confirm with a larger sample of regions the conclusion of Anglada et al. (1997) that the NH3 line emission is more intense toward molecular outflow sources than toward sources with optical outflow, suggesting a possible evolutionary scheme in which young stellar objects associated with molecular outflows progressively lose their neighboring high-density gas, weakening both the NH3 emission and the molecular outflow in the process, and making optical jets more easily detectable as the total amount of gas decreases.Comment: 27 pages, 37 figures. Accepted for publication in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Abstract is abridge

Absolute stellar proper motions with reference to galaxies of the M 81 group

We report on the measurement of absolute proper motions of stars of magnitude 7 to 14.5 in a $2^\circ \times 2^\circ$ field in the region of the M 81 group of galaxies. This work is part of the Bonn program for the extragalactic link of Hipparcos. The proper motions were determined from a collection of photographic plates covering the time interval from 1894 to 1994. The absolute reference system for the proper motions is represented by the galaxies M 81, M 82  and NGC 3077, for which accurate optical reference positions were obtained by means of an image cross-correlation technique. For the majority of stars, the internal proper motion accuracy is better than 1 mas/a. The precision of the realization of the absolute system is found to be around 1 mas/a. In total, our measurements yield absolute proper motions for 24 Hipparcos stars and positions, proper motions and photometry for 330 additional stars including a number of visual binaries and high proper motion stars. Among the latter one G-type sub dwarf is identified. The results are relevant as a contribution to the Hipparcos link, but also as a database for kinematic investigations

Orthogonality, Lommel integrals and cross product zeros of linear combinations of Bessel functions

The cylindrical Bessel differential equation and the spherical Bessel differential equation in the interval R$\leq$r$\leq$$\gamma$R with Neumann boundary conditions are considered. The eigenfunctions are linear combinations of the Bessel function $\Phi$$_{n,ν}$(r) = Y'$_{ν}$ ($\lambda$$_{n,ν}$)J$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{n,ν}$ r/R) - J'$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{n,ν}$)Y$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{n,ν}$r/R) or linear combinations of the spherical Bessel functions $\psi$$_{m,ν}$(r) = y'$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{m,ν}$)j$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{m,ν}$r/R) - j'$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{m,ν}$)y$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{m,ν}$r/R). The orthogonality relations with analytical expressions for the normalization constant are given. Explicit expressions for the Lommel integrals in terms of Lommel functions are derived. The cross product zeros Y'$_{ν}$$\lambda$$_{n,ν}$)J'$_{ν}$($\gamma$$\lambda$$_{n,ν}$)- J'$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{n,ν}$)Y'$_{ν}$($\gamma$$\lambda$$_{n,ν}$) = 0 and y'$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{m,ν}$)j'$_{ν}$($\gamma$$\lambda$$_{m,ν}$) - j'$_{ν}$($\lambda$$_{m,ν}$)y'$_{ν}$($\gamma$$\lambda$$_{m,ν}$) = 0 are considered in the complex plane for real as well as complex values of the index ν and approximations for the exceptional zero $\lambda$$_{1,ν}$ are obtained. A numerical scheme based on the discretization of the twodimensional and three-dimensional Laplace operator with Neumann boundary conditions is presented. Explicit representations of the radial part of the Laplace operator in form of a tridiagonal matrix allow the simple computation of the cross product zeros