Am I Black enough? – Identity and belongingness of second-generation African students

Over the course of the past few years, research regarding Black students has continued to increase. However, a lot of the research regarding Black students has focused heavily on the experiences and outcomes of African American students. Due to the history in the United States, the term Black has become synonymous with African American, leaving out the experiences of many second-generation African children. This explanatory mixed-methods design study examined second-generation African students’ ethnic identity and sense of belonging within the Black community in their school system. This study also compared reported levels of belongingness in college experiences versus high school. An electronic survey was distributed to 40 second-generation African Students currently attending 4-year public universities in Virginia. Follow-up interviews were conducted with 5 participants to gain insight on belongingness within the Black community. Recommendations for school psychologists and practitioners working with second- generation African students were provided. This study allows school psychologists to gain knowledge about the ethnic identity and sense of belonging among second-generation African students, so that they are able to be better advocates for their needs

Solar Cell Outdoor Bench Design In Open Public Space For Gadged Charging Station

Abstract—The increase in electrical energy is increasing along with the needs of rapidly developing technology. However electricity technology also produces negative impacts such as air and noise pollution caused by power plants. Electrical energy generation is still mostly generated from fossil fuels. A solution that can overcome this problem is to switch to more environmentally friendly electricity technology, such as solar panels. This solar powet plant can be used as an option as a charging energy source in a smart furniture. This research aims to make Solar Cell Powered Outdoor Charging Bench technology.  This bench has several important components, namely: Solar Panel, Solar Charging Controller (SSC), inverter, and battery. This Outdoor Bench is placed in an open place such as a park, Public Open Space and so on which will be used as a charging place for cellphones or laptops. The way this bench works starts with the absorption of solar heat by solar panels on the roof of the bench which is converted into low-voltage electrical energy, then this energy is stored in a dry battery (battery) through SSC, low-voltage electricity is converted through an inverter, and this inverter channels electricity to the socket, so that the charging bench can be used properly

TELAAH DAMPAK POSITIF GAYA KEPEMIMPINAN TRANSFORMASIONAL BAGI PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS INDIVIDU DAN ORGANISASI

Dewasa ini penting bagi organisasi menyadari bahwa dunia bisnis telah banyak berubah menjadi lebih inovatif dan kompetitif. Sebagian organisasi yang unggul memiliki pemimpin hebat yang dapat memantau dan mengawasi perilaku dan kinerja karyawan. Studi ini memiliki tujuan untuk menjelaskan secara detail bagaimana dampak positif gaya kepemimpinan jika diterapkan di sebuah organisasi bisnis. Tentu saja, peneliti merujuk referensi berkualitas demi meyakinkan para pembaca dan pemangku kepentingan. Penelitian ini berjenis kualitatif. Teknik pengumpulan data meliputi menyimak dan mencatat informasi penting untuk melakukan analisis data melalui reduksi data, display data, dan penarikan kesimpulan. Studi ini tiba pada kesimpulan bahwa pemimpin organisasi harus menggunakan gaya kepemimpinan yang spesifik untuk mendorong karyawan menjaga komitmen dan menciptakan ikatan emosional sehingga visi dan tujuan organisasi dapat tercapai dan dapat bertahan serta berkembang bahkan ketika krisis melanda. Situasi ini dapat diatasi dengan gaya kepemimpinan transformasional. Hasil penelitian ini bisa dijadikan rujukan bagi penelitian berikutnya jika memiliki topik sejenis. Namun, dengan metode penelitian berbeda yakni kuantitatif agar bisa mengkonfirmasi ulang validitas temuan studi terdahulu. &nbsp

Validation of Novel Transcriptional Targets that Underpin CD44-promoted breast cancer cell invasion

Introduction: Breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer worldwide, and metastasis is its worst aspect and the first cause of death. Metastasis is a multistep process, where an invasion is a recurring event. The process of BC cell invasion involves three major factors, including cell adhesion molecules (CAM), proteinases and Growth factors.CD44, a family of CAM proteins and the hyaluronic acid (HA) cell surface receptor, acts as cell differentiation, cell migration/invasion and apoptosis regulator. Rationale: We have previously established a tetracycline (Tet)-OFF-regulated expression system, both in vitro and in vivo (Hill et al, 2006). As a complementary approach, the highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 BC cells expressing high levels of endogenous CD44s (the standard form of CD44), was cultured in the presence and absence of 50 µg/ml of HA. RNA samples were isolated from both cell experimental models, and microarray analysis (12K CHIP from Affymetrix) was applied. More than 200 CD44s transcriptional target genes were identified and were sub-divided into groups of genes based on their function: cell motility, cytoskeletal organization, ability to degrade ECM, and cell survival. Hypothesis: Among these 200 identified genes, we selected seven genes (ICAP-1, KYNU, AHR, SIRT1, SRSF8, PRAD1, and SOD2) and hypothesized that based on evidence from literature, these genes are potential novel targets of CD44-downstream signaling mediating BC cell invasion. Specific Aims: Pursuant to this goal, we proposed the following objectives: 1- Structural validation of ICAP-1, KYNU, AHR, SIRT1, SRSF8, PRAD1 and SOD2 as novel transcriptional targets of CD44/HA-downstream signaling at both RNA and Protein level using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western Blot respectively. 2-Functional validation of ICAP-1, KYNU, AHR, SIRT1, SRSF8, PRAD1and SOD2 as novel transcriptional targets that underpin CD44-promoted BC cell migration using wound healing assay after the transfection with siRNA.Innovation/Consclusion: This study validated seven transcriptional targets of CD44/HA-downstream signaling promoting BC cell invasion. Ongoing experiments aim to dissect the signaling pathways that link CD44 activation by HA to the transcription of these seven genes

Crawling Data Customer Pada Aplikasi Smarsofi Untuk Layanan Digital Marketing

Current communication can be carried out without having to come face to face, without limitation of space and time, namely through the internet. the availability of internet connectivity is a necessity for all people in almost all activities. The growth of internet users influences changes in the pattern of society in communicating and socializing also has an impact on business trends, one of which is the aspect of promotion and marketing. Conventional promotion through printed media has shifted to online media. Printed media turned to digital form which was then disseminated very easily through the internet to many people in general. This paper will examine the smarsofi application or smart social wifi application that utilizes connectivity accounts from wifi users to collect data. in this case is the visitor's data from a café. The main objective is to facilitate the process of collecting visitors to the café connected to wifi, which will then be forwarded to the distribution (broadcast) of digital promotional content

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

PROFILE OF LONG NON-CODING RNA IN RESPONSE TO SULFORAPHANE ANTI-OBESITY TREATMENT IN SKELETAL MUSCLES OF DIET INDUCED OBESITY MICE

Background: World Health Organization data reveal a rapid growth in obesity worldwide, making it a major public health concern. Obesity has been studied extensively in recent decades; however, it is still challenging due to complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as novel regulators linked to obesity and obesity-associated complications. Herbal chemicals like Sulforaphane (SFN) isolated from green vegetables can alleviate obesity. Recent findings suggest that SFN can prevent diet- induced obesity. Aim: To examine the changes in lncRNAs transcripts/ target mRNAs and their effects on gene ontology (GO) and signaling pathways in skeletal muscles (SMs) of diet- induced obese (DIO) mice following SFN treatment. Methods: The DIO mice models were constructed by constant feeding with a high-fat diet. Then they were divided into two groups. The first group was treated with SFN for four weeks, while the second group was treated with a vehicle for the same time period. The body weight and food intake were measured during the four weeks. In addition, the glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed and, serum glucose, leptin, and insulin were assessed. Total RNA was extracted from SM tissues, and lncRNA sequencing (RNA-seq) was performed to identify differentially expressed transcripts of lncRNAs and their target mRNA in response to SFN treatment. In addition, bioinformatic analysis, and GO enrichment analysis and pathway analysis were performed to identify differentially expressed lncRNA/mRNA. Results: SFN significantly reduced the body weight and cumulative food intake of DIO mice. Moreover, treatment with SFN markedly lowered the biochemical parameters, including blood glucose and leptin, and improved the glucose uptake by SMs. In response to SFN treatment, RNA-seq analysis of the SMs of DIO mice identified 30 differentially expressed lncRNAs (9 upregulated and 21 downregulated), and 610 differentially expressed mRNA target genes (101 upregulated and 509 downregulated). Furthermore, the differentially expressed lncRNA transcript and mRNA target genes discovered in this study were primarily associated with insulin resistance, metabolic pathways, lipid metabolism, Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF), and Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathways. Conclusion: SFN successfully reduced obesity by lowering body weight and total calorie intake. Profiling lncRNA and mRNA in the SMs of DIO mice revealed various differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs. The enrichment analysis showed that the identified differentially expressed genes could be implicated in obesity by several pathways. Gene enrichment analysis suggested that signaling pathways and GO processes connected to SMs metabolism may be implicated, requiring further experimental validation

Kartläggning av Patientsäkerheten och Vårdmiljön i Puntland, Somalia

Independent on where in the world one is, patient safety is regarded as one of the most important aspects in the healthcare industry. On the contrary, depending on where you are, the patient safety will differ and is therefore location dependent. The patient safety in a developing country will therefore be evaluated in a different way compared to a developed country. This study, therefore aimed to identify the patient safety in Puntland, Somalia and with it, its healthcare environment in the hospitals. The goal was to identify the main factors that affected the patient safety. To investigate this, a field study to the region of interest was made and subsequently interviews with staff at the site were conducted as well as observations in the concerned hospitals. The obtained results were analysed using the method of Qualitative Content Analysis. At a later stage, the results could be thematized into four categories; “​Need​”, “​Device​”, “​Training​” and “​Knowledge​”, which pinpointed the main issues. The study show that there was a common transversal issue of a inherent lack of devices, training and knowledge which in turn could severely affect the patients and their safety in ways such as misdiagnosis, delayed treatment and in worst cases death. Furthermore, it was evident that rather than the lack of actual devices, the absence of knowledge was more prevalent. Oberoende på var än i världen man befinner sig, anses patientsäkerhet vara en av de viktigaste aspekterna i sjukvården. Å andra sidan, helt beroende på var man befinner sig kommer patientsäkerheten skilja sig och är därför lägesberoende. Patientsäkerheten i ett utvecklingsland kommer därför uppfattas på ett annat sätt i jämförelse med ett I-land. Denna studie syftar till att identifiera patientsäkerheten i Puntland, Somalia och med det dess vårdmiljö i sjukhusen. Målet var att identifiera huvudfaktorerna som påverkar patientsäkerheten. För att undersöka detta utfördes en fältstudie i den valda regionen Puntland, därefter gjordes intervjuer med personal på plats i sjukhusen och dessutom utfördes observationer. De erhållna resultaten analyserades med hjälp av metoden “Qualitative Content Analysis”. Vid ett senare skede tematiseras resultaten till fyra kategorier; “​Behov​”, “​Apparat​”, “​Utbildning​” och “​Kunskap​”, vilka visade på de huvudsakliga problemen. Studien visade slutligen på att det fanns ett gemensamt genomgående problem av brist på apparater, utbildning och kunskap, vilket i sin tur skulle kunna påverka patienter och deras säkerhet på sätt såsom feldiagnoser, försenad behandling och i värsta fall döden. Vidare fastställdes att snarare än bristen på apparater, var avsaknaden av kunskap mer påtaglig.