Estudio para la flotación Bulk Pb – Ag, de una pulpa de la lixiviada en ácido caliente de la refinación electrolítica del Zn, a nivel de laboratorio, UMA

El presente estudio se realizó con el objetivo de evaluar la flotación bulk Pb-Ag de una pulpa lixiviada en medio ácida fuerte caliente, considerando las variables pH y tiempo de flotación en relación a la recuperación y concentración del mineral. La investigación se desarrolló en el marco de la investigación experimental, aplicada y tecnológica. La muestra estuvo constituida por 1355 gr. de pulpa residuo de la lixiviación ácida fuerte caliente de las calcinas de la tostación del concentrado de Zn, acondicionándola con los reactivos Ar 1404, Flotinor S 72, MIBC y Silicato de Na reactivos utilizados durante 30 nbutis. La flotación por espumas se realizó a pH 2, 4 y 6 y, a 20, 30 y 40 minutos como períodos de flotación, obteniéndose como resultados que la flotación óptima se consigue a pH 2 y a 20 minutos, y un concentrado cleaner con recuperaciones en peso de 50.94%,y una ley de 42.10% para el Pb, 122 oz/tc para la Ag y 6.38% para el Fe, contenido fino de 83.08% de Pb, 26.48 oz/tc de Ag y 13.45% de Fe, y una distribución de 994.76% para el Pb, 96.64 para la Ag y y 22.12 para el Fe. Palabras claves: Flotación BulK Pb-Ag, Flotación colectiva Pb-Ag, Concentrados Bulk Pb-Ag, Flotación en medio ácido, Recuperación de residuos de lixiviación ácida fuerte caliente

Diseño e implementación de un sistema experto para optimizar el control de plagas y enfermedades en el cultivo de la uva

El Estudio se realizó con la finalidad de diseñar e implementar un sistema de diagnóstico y control de plagas y enfermedades en el cultivo de uva. La metodología empleada estuvo enmarcada bajo el tipo de investigación aplicada y tecnológica con un diseño experimental. La muestra estuvo constituida por 50 trabajadores de viñedos del Valle de Cañete. El estudio experimental se empleó el lenguaje prolog para la base de datos, wsprolog para el motor de inferencia y java para la interfaz de usuario. Entre los datos obtenidos tenemos que alcanzó el 80 % de validación, el 78 % de los usuarios manifiestan que es útil el software, el 84 % manifiesta que es fácil el uso, el 84 % manifiesta que la información es útil, el 86 % considera que puede adaptarse a cualquier dispositivo, el 92 % considera que es fácil el manejo y el 68 % se encuentra satisfecho con el sistema. Palabras claves: Sistema experto de cultivo de uva, Sistema inteligente de cultivo de uva, Software de diagnóstico de plagas y enfermedades, diagnostico de plagas y enfermedades en el cultivo de la uva

Uso de la "Opuntia ficus indica", como agente natural para el tratamiento de aguas, a nivel de laboratorio, UMA

El presente estudio se realizó con la finalidad de determinar la efectividad coagulante de la cetácea “Opuntia ficus – indica” en la sedimentación y purificación del agua turbia que se precipita en una cuenca lluviosa, e efecto de hacerla apta para consumo humano. El método experimental aplicado se ha desarrollado en dos etapas: (1) la obtención del coagulante natural y (2) la experimentación para determinar la efectividad del coagulante. La fuente de agua es proveniente de acequias y puquiales de las zonas altas del Valle de Cañete y las hojas de la cetácea “opuntia ficus – indica”, también conocida como tuna, es del mismo lugar de donde se obtuvo la muestra de agua. Se evidencia que de 1226.4gr de mucilago de “Opuntia ficus indica” se obtiene 79.6 gr de coagulante y 14.2 a 12.1 y 10.7 NTU. Estas concentraciones se aplican al agua natural, turbia, en períodos de tratamiento de 30 minutos con dosis de 30 mg/l, 50mg/l o 90mg/l de coagulante. Los resultados prueban que a mayor dosis de coagulante hay mayor efectividad en la disminución de la presencia icrobacteriana. Así, en coliformes fecales ¿? de 2236x10-3 UFC que disminuye a 987x10-4 UFC, 961x10-4 UFC, 955x10-4 UFC, echerichia colli 1042 x10-4 UFC, disminuyendo a, 583x10-3 UFC, 539x10-4 UFC, 516x10-4 UFC, y Stafilococcus 647 UFC, 120 UFC, 109 UFC y 97 UFC, según las proporciones indicadas. Palabras claves: Coagulante natural, floculante natural, Coagulante de la Opuntia ficus - indica, Floculante de la penca de la tuna

ColoLipidGene: Signature of lipid metabolism-related genes to predict prognosis in stage-II colon cancer patients

Lipid metabolism plays an essential role in carcinogenesis due to the requirements of tumoral cells to sustain increased structural, energetic and biosynthetic precursor demands for cell proliferation. We investigated the association between expression of lipid metabolism-related genes and clinical outcome in intermediate-stage colon cancer patients with the aim of identifying a metabolic profile associated with greater malignancy and increased risk of relapse. Expression profile of 70 lipid metabolismrelated genes was determined in 77 patients with stage II colon cancer. Cox regression analyses using c-index methodology was applied to identify a metabolic-related signature associated to prognosis. The metabolic signature was further confirmed in two independent validation sets of 120 patients and additionally, in a group of 264 patients from a public database. The combined analysis of these 4 genes, ABCA1, ACSL1, AGPAT1 and SCD, constitutes a metabolic-signature (ColoLipidGene) able to accurately stratify stage II colon cancer patients with 5-fold higher risk of relapse with strong statistical power in the four independent groups of patients. The identification of a group of 4 genes that predict survival in intermediate-stage colon cancer patients allows delineation of a high-risk group that may benefit from adjuvant therapy, and avoids the toxic and unnecessary chemotherapy in patients classified as low-risk groupThis work was supported by Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación del Gobierno de España (Plan Nacional I + D + i AGL2013–48943-C2–2-R and IPT-2011–1248-060000), Comunidad de Madrid (P2013/ABI-2728. ALIBIRDCM) and European Union Structural Funds. CIBEREHD is funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III. This is a collaborative study between the Molecular Oncology Unit of The Institute of Advanced Studies of Madrid IMDEA Food and the Grupo Español Multidisciplinar en Cáncer Digestivo (GEMCAD

Global burden of 369 diseases and injuries in 204 countries and territories, 1990–2019: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

Background: In an era of shifting global agendas and expanded emphasis on non-communicable diseases and injuries along with communicable diseases, sound evidence on trends by cause at the national level is essential. The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) provides a systematic scientific assessment of published, publicly available, and contributed data on incidence, prevalence, and mortality for a mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive list of diseases and injuries. Methods: GBD estimates incidence, prevalence, mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) due to 369 diseases and injuries, for two sexes, and for 204 countries and territories. Input data were extracted from censuses, household surveys, civil registration and vital statistics, disease registries, health service use, air pollution monitors, satellite imaging, disease notifications, and other sources. Cause-specific death rates and cause fractions were calculated using the Cause of Death Ensemble model and spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression. Cause-specific deaths were adjusted to match the total all-cause deaths calculated as part of the GBD population, fertility, and mortality estimates. Deaths were multiplied by standard life expectancy at each age to calculate YLLs. A Bayesian meta-regression modelling tool, DisMod-MR 2.1, was used to ensure consistency between incidence, prevalence, remission, excess mortality, and cause-specific mortality for most causes. Prevalence estimates were multiplied by disability weights for mutually exclusive sequelae of diseases and injuries to calculate YLDs. We considered results in the context of the Socio-demographic Index (SDI), a composite indicator of income per capita, years of schooling, and fertility rate in females younger than 25 years. Uncertainty intervals (UIs) were generated for every metric using the 25th and 975th ordered 1000 draw values of the posterior distribution. Findings: Global health has steadily improved over the past 30 years as measured by age-standardised DALY rates. After taking into account population growth and ageing, the absolute number of DALYs has remained stable. Since 2010, the pace of decline in global age-standardised DALY rates has accelerated in age groups younger than 50 years compared with the 1990–2010 time period, with the greatest annualised rate of decline occurring in the 0–9-year age group. Six infectious diseases were among the top ten causes of DALYs in children younger than 10 years in 2019: lower respiratory infections (ranked second), diarrhoeal diseases (third), malaria (fifth), meningitis (sixth), whooping cough (ninth), and sexually transmitted infections (which, in this age group, is fully accounted for by congenital syphilis; ranked tenth). In adolescents aged 10–24 years, three injury causes were among the top causes of DALYs: road injuries (ranked first), self-harm (third), and interpersonal violence (fifth). Five of the causes that were in the top ten for ages 10–24 years were also in the top ten in the 25–49-year age group: road injuries (ranked first), HIV/AIDS (second), low back pain (fourth), headache disorders (fifth), and depressive disorders (sixth). In 2019, ischaemic heart disease and stroke were the top-ranked causes of DALYs in both the 50–74-year and 75-years-and-older age groups. Since 1990, there has been a marked shift towards a greater proportion of burden due to YLDs from non-communicable diseases and injuries. In 2019, there were 11 countries where non-communicable disease and injury YLDs constituted more than half of all disease burden. Decreases in age-standardised DALY rates have accelerated over the past decade in countries at the lower end of the SDI range, while improvements have started to stagnate or even reverse in countries with higher SDI. Interpretation: As disability becomes an increasingly large component of disease burden and a larger component of health expenditure, greater research and developm nt investment is needed to identify new, more effective intervention strategies. With a rapidly ageing global population, the demands on health services to deal with disabling outcomes, which increase with age, will require policy makers to anticipate these changes. The mix of universal and more geographically specific influences on health reinforces the need for regular reporting on population health in detail and by underlying cause to help decision makers to identify success stories of disease control to emulate, as well as opportunities to improve. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 licens

Cancer Incidence, Mortality, Years of Life Lost, Years Lived With Disability, and Disability-Adjusted Life Years for 29 Cancer Groups From 2010 to 2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study 2019 (GBD 2019) provided systematic estimates of incidence, morbidity, and mortality to inform local and international efforts toward reducing cancer burden. To estimate cancer burden and trends globally for 204 countries and territories and by Sociodemographic Index (SDI) quintiles from 2010 to 2019. The GBD 2019 estimation methods were used to describe cancer incidence, mortality, years lived with disability, years of life lost, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) in 2019 and over the past decade. Estimates are also provided by quintiles of the SDI, a composite measure of educational attainment, income per capita, and total fertility rate for those younger than 25 years. Estimates include 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs). In 2019, there were an estimated 23.6 million (95% UI, 22.2-24.9 million) new cancer cases (17.2 million when excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) and 10.0 million (95% UI, 9.36-10.6 million) cancer deaths globally, with an estimated 250 million (235-264 million) DALYs due to cancer. Since 2010, these represented a 26.3% (95% UI, 20.3%-32.3%) increase in new cases, a 20.9% (95% UI, 14.2%-27.6%) increase in deaths, and a 16.0% (95% UI, 9.3%-22.8%) increase in DALYs. Among 22 groups of diseases and injuries in the GBD 2019 study, cancer was second only to cardiovascular diseases for the number of deaths, years of life lost, and DALYs globally in 2019. Cancer burden differed across SDI quintiles. The proportion of years lived with disability that contributed to DALYs increased with SDI, ranging from 1.4% (1.1%-1.8%) in the low SDI quintile to 5.7% (4.2%-7.1%) in the high SDI quintile. While the high SDI quintile had the highest number of new cases in 2019, the middle SDI quintile had the highest number of cancer deaths and DALYs. From 2010 to 2019, the largest percentage increase in the numbers of cases and deaths occurred in the low and low-middle SDI quintiles. The results of this systematic analysis suggest that the global burden of cancer is substantial and growing, with burden differing by SDI. These results provide comprehensive and comparable estimates that can potentially inform efforts toward equitable cancer control around the world.Funding/Support: The Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation received funding from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation and the American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities. Dr Aljunid acknowledges the Department of Health Policy and Management of Kuwait University and the International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia for the approval and support to participate in this research project. Dr Bhaskar acknowledges institutional support from the NSW Ministry of Health and NSW Health Pathology. Dr Bärnighausen was supported by the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation through the Alexander von Humboldt Professor award, which is funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. Dr Braithwaite acknowledges funding from the National Institutes of Health/ National Cancer Institute. Dr Conde acknowledges financial support from the European Research Council ERC Starting Grant agreement No 848325. Dr Costa acknowledges her grant (SFRH/BHD/110001/2015), received by Portuguese national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia, IP under the Norma Transitória grant DL57/2016/CP1334/CT0006. Dr Ghith acknowledges support from a grant from Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF16OC0021856). Dr Glasbey is supported by a National Institute of Health Research Doctoral Research Fellowship. Dr Vivek Kumar Gupta acknowledges funding support from National Health and Medical Research Council Australia. Dr Haque thanks Jazan University, Saudi Arabia for providing access to the Saudi Digital Library for this research study. Drs Herteliu, Pana, and Ausloos are partially supported by a grant of the Romanian National Authority for Scientific Research and Innovation, CNDS-UEFISCDI, project number PN-III-P4-ID-PCCF-2016-0084. Dr Hugo received support from the Higher Education Improvement Coordination of the Brazilian Ministry of Education for a sabbatical period at the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, between September 2019 and August 2020. Dr Sheikh Mohammed Shariful Islam acknowledges funding by a National Heart Foundation of Australia Fellowship and National Health and Medical Research Council Emerging Leadership Fellowship. Dr Jakovljevic acknowledges support through grant OI 175014 of the Ministry of Education Science and Technological Development of the Republic of Serbia. Dr Katikireddi acknowledges funding from a NHS Research Scotland Senior Clinical Fellowship (SCAF/15/02), the Medical Research Council (MC_UU_00022/2), and the Scottish Government Chief Scientist Office (SPHSU17). Dr Md Nuruzzaman Khan acknowledges the support of Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Bangladesh. Dr Yun Jin Kim was supported by the Research Management Centre, Xiamen University Malaysia (XMUMRF/2020-C6/ITCM/0004). Dr Koulmane Laxminarayana acknowledges institutional support from Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr Landires is a member of the Sistema Nacional de Investigación, which is supported by Panama’s Secretaría Nacional de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación. Dr Loureiro was supported by national funds through Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia under the Scientific Employment Stimulus–Institutional Call (CEECINST/00049/2018). Dr Molokhia is supported by the National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Center at Guy’s and St Thomas’ National Health Service Foundation Trust and King’s College London. Dr Moosavi appreciates NIGEB's support. Dr Pati acknowledges support from the SIAN Institute, Association for Biodiversity Conservation & Research. Dr Rakovac acknowledges a grant from the government of the Russian Federation in the context of World Health Organization Noncommunicable Diseases Office. Dr Samy was supported by a fellowship from the Egyptian Fulbright Mission Program. Dr Sheikh acknowledges support from Health Data Research UK. Drs Adithi Shetty and Unnikrishnan acknowledge support given by Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education. Dr Pavanchand H. Shetty acknowledges Manipal Academy of Higher Education for their research support. Dr Diego Augusto Santos Silva was financed in part by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil Finance Code 001 and is supported in part by CNPq (302028/2018-8). Dr Zhu acknowledges the Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas grant RP210042

Clima Escolar y Liderazgo Estudiantil en la I.E. José Buenaventura Sepúlveda, Cañete Perú

El presente trabajo de investigación se realizó con la finalidad de determinar la relación que existe entre las actitudes de los líderes democráticos estudiantiles de la IE José Buenaventura Sepúlveda, Cañete Perú, y el desarrollo del clima escolar. El método empleado para el desarrollo del estudio es el no experimental, debido a que únicamente trata de analizar las dos variables de estudio: liderazgo estudiantil y clima escolar. La investigación se efectuó durante el año 2018 en la mencionada institución, con una muestra representada por 30 estudiantes del tercer año de educación secundaria. Se suministraron dos instrumentos para la recolección de datos: Un cuestionario para observar actitud de líderes estudiantiles y otro cuestionario para determinar el clima escolar. Los resultados de la investigación demuestran la existencia de una relación estadísticamente significativa y directa entre el liderazgo estudiantil y el clima escolar, por lo que cabe afirmar que el actual clima escolar en la mencionada institución tiene mucho que ver con la formación de los líderes estudiantiles, que asumen los estudiantes de educación secundaria en el tercer grado. De la misma forma, el clima escolar tiene mucho que ver con un ambiente adecuado de estudio

Estudio químico bromatológico de diferentes individuos de Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh (Arazá)

The fruit of Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh (Arazá) can be used as important source of nutrients. Four fruits of different samples of Arazá show considerable variation of nutrients, especially thiamin, riboflavin, calcium, kalium, magnesium and the variation in low proportion of protein, fat and fiber.El fruto de la especie Eugenia stipitata Mc Vaugh (Arazá) puede ser consumido como fuente de nutrientes importantes. Los frutos de los cuatro diferentes individuos de Arazá presentan considerable variación en el contenido de nutrientes, especialmente en tiamina, riboflavina, calcio, sodio, potasio y magnesio y una variación en menor proporción en contenido de proteínas, grasa y fibra

Recuperación de oro de residuos electrónicos aplicando métodos no convencionales de baja contaminación ambiental, a nivel de laboratorio

El objetivo de este estudio fue la aplicación de métodos no convencionales utilizados para la recuperación de oro a partir de residuos eléctrónicos, como las técnicas de oxidación selectiva con persulfato de potasio (K2S2O8) y cloruro cúprico (CuCl2), reactivos con bajo impacto ambiental, en el oro. Tratamiento no lixiviado. Los resultados obtenidos de la aplicación de los métodos se comparan en relación con su eficiencia y disminución del impacto ambiental, seleccionándose el persulfato de potasio, para luego evaluar en el tratamiento de desechos eléctricos y estandarizar el uso. Los resultados obtenidos permiten establecer que el tratamiento con persulfato de potasio (K2S2O8) tiene mayor ventaja que el cloruro cúprico (CuCl2), permite el uso del solvente universal, una buena recuperación de oro de 5.680 g (98.28%, de alta pureza, el óptimo La concentración para el tratamiento es del 20% p / v, el tiempo de tratamiento es de 90 minutos. Palabras claves: Oxidación selectiva, recuperación de oro por métodos no convencionales, recuperación de oro con sulfato de potasio, recuperación del oro con residuos electrónicos