EXPERIENCIAS DE AGRICULTURA SUSTENTABLE Y COMERCIO JUSTO EN EL ESTADO DE JALISCO, OCCIDENTE DE MÉXICO

En este artículo se describen las experiencias de diferentes grupos de productores en el estado de Jalisco y sus esfuerzos para desarrollar un modelo de desarrollo alternativo. Desde hace varios años, han trasformado sus sistemas de producción convencionales en sustentables, asimismo han buscado canales de comercialización diferentes. Los grupos tienen en común su participación en la Red de Alternativas Sustentables Agropecuarias —RASA—, donde también participan diferentes instituciones no gubernamentales y grupos de consumidores. Esta red se puede considerar como un nuevo movimiento social que busca desarrollar nuevos esquemas de desarrollo rural sustentable. Terminamos con una discusión y conclusión en relación con las posibilidades y desafíos de la Red para fortalecer la agricultura sustentable y el comercio justo. ABSTRACT This article describes the experiences of different groups of producers in the state of Jalisco and their efforts to develop an alternative development model. Beginning several years ago, they have transformed their conventional production systems into sustainable systems, and have also sought different commercialization channels. The groups have in common their participation in the Network of Sustainable Agricultural Alternatives (Red de Alternativas Sustentables Agropecuarias –RASA) in which different nongovernmental institutions and consumer groups also participate. This network may be considered a new social movement that aims to develop new schemes of sustainable rural development. We end with a discussion and conclusion in relation with the possibilities and challenges of the Network to strengthen sustainable agriculture and fair trade

Algunas consideraciones sobre la transición a la agricultura sustentable en el occidente de México

This article focus on the transition processes towards sustainable agriculture amongst farmers in western Mexico. Obstacles and motivations were studied in order to evaluate practices related to sustainable agriculture as a viable alternative for the current crisis in the Mexican countryside.We consider that the results contribute to the discussion on sustainable agriculture and its viability in the current neo-liberal context of Mexico. At the one hand, results indicate the importance of permanent land access, assuring a better stewardship of the soil at the long term and autonomy in decision-making on agricultural practices. On the other hand, the economic cost-benefit analysis that every producer makes represents a decisive factor for adopting sustainable agricultural practices. Although sustainable agriculture is cheaper at the short term, at the medium term farmers in transition, due to the temporal lower productivity, obtain more limited financial resources. However, those farmers with a more long-term view regarding farming incline themselves towards sustainable agriculture, considering soil degradation and fertility and the multifunctional services of agriculture.Este artículo reflexiona en torno al proceso de adopción de la agricultura sustentable en productores del Occidente de México. Se exploran los obstáculos y motivaciones que tuvieron, dando cuenta con ello de en qué medida representa la agricultura sustentable una alternativa real para los productores ante la crisis actual del campo mexicano.Consideramos que los resultados aportan a la discusión sobre la agricultura sustentable y su viabilidad en el actual contexto neoliberal; por una parte vemos que resulta importante que los productores sean propietarios de las tierras que trabajan, ya que eso incentiva su preocupación por el cuidado del suelo a largo plazo y les permite cierta autonomía en la toma de decisiones respecto a la manera en que quieren hacer agricultura. Por otro lado, la percepción y balance que hace cada productor respecto del costo/beneficio económico a corto, mediano y largo plazo representa un aspecto decisivo para la adopción de la agricultura sustentable pura o mixta; si bien la producción con técnicas orgánicas representa poca o casi nula inversión a corto plazo, a mediano plazo les representa un costo al no poder responder a la demanda del mercado en sus términos de productividad, sin embargo en los casos en que consideran la visión a largo plazo, el balance se inclina de nuevo a la agricultura sustentable al considerar el costo por el deterioro del suelo, la pérdida de fertilidad de la tierra y los servicios multifuncionales de la agricultura

Análisis de la confluencia de percepción social y habitabilidad ambiental para espacios públicos de comunidades indígenas de la Costa Sur de Jalisco, México

Se reflexiona que la cosmovisión de habitantes de una comunidad indígena es resguardo de su patrimonio y valores como civilización. Son conscientes de los sistemas ecológicos que ordenan la relación entre variables meteorológica y la reproducción de la vida silvestre de plantas y animales; por ende, son un factor prioritario. El propósito de este estudio, fue analizar y clasificar manuscritos de aspectos teóricos de comunidades indígenas, cosmovisión, espacio público y habitabilidad ambiental; para redactar el artículo de revisión y contemplar la necesidad de extremar precauciones como grupo colectivo, para el cuidado de recursos naturales y riesgos suscitados al planeta por el cambio climático del siglo XXI. Esto ha ocasionado una versatilidad aguda de problemas de salud, bienestar y habitabilidad, aunado a ello, un rezago de la economía que compromete a las generaciones futuras y comunidades indígenas. Por ello, se considera prioritario informar a la población y organismos públicos los resultados de la investigación en turno, con la finalidad de subsanar este rubro nocivo para el ser humano y su hábitat

The relationship between the fishermen and the American crocodile (Crocodylus acutus) in the Mexican central western Pacific: a narrative analysis

Objective: Analyze fisherman-American crocodile relationship in western central Pacific Mexico, with emphasis on the conflict. Design/methodology: Participatory workshops included 22 fishermen from the Cuyutlán and Alcuzahue lagoons in the state of Colima, to explore the positive and negative aspects of the relationship, the perception and knowledge about the ecosystem functions of the crocodile, the management practices and actions associated with these relationships, and to learn about the actors and natural factors that influence them. The information was recorded, followed by a narrative analysis and synthesis. Results: Harmonious relationships are reported, such as creating bonds with crocodiles, and recognizing them as beneficial for fishing and their eco-systemic function. Conflicting relationships identified were related to fishing gear, reduction of fishing resources, and accidents. The strategies used to avoid conflicts are related to danger zones, crocodile behavior, and eliminating them to reduce their presence. They also consider compensatory schemes, co-collective management of fishery resources, and the substitution of fishing for the extractive exploitation of crocodiles. Limitations on study/implications: It´s necessary to know the vision of other actors involved, besides fishermen.  Findings: The relationship between fishermen and crocodiles presents contradictory situations: harmonic where either are benefited, and other conflictive situations, where fishermen suffer economic, operational, and lifestyle impacts, producing scenarios that are not very favorable for the conservation of the reptile.Objective: To analyze the relationship between the fishermen of central western Mexico and the river crocodiles (Crocodylus acutus), emphasizing the resulting conflict. Design/Methodology/Approach: The work was carried out with 22 fishermen from the Cuyutlán and Alcuzahue lagoons in Colima, Mexico. Four participative workshops were organized per community, in order to explore the positive and negative aspects of the relationship, the perception and knowledge about the ecosystem functions of the crocodile, and the management practices and actions associated with this relationship, as well as to determine the natural participants and factors that influence the said relationship. The workshops were recorded and the resulting data was subjected to a narrative analysis and a summary. Results: Harmonious relationships are recorded, including the creation of bonds between humans and crocodiles and recognizing the benefits to fishing and the ecosystem function of the crocodile. The conflictive relationships identified were related to fishing, the reduction of fishing resources, and accidents. The strategies used to prevent conflicts are related to the dangerous zones, the behavior of the crocodiles, and the killing of the animals to reduce their presence. Additionally, compensation schemes, a collective management of fishing resources, and the replacement of fishing by the exploitation and capture of the crocodile were taken into consideration. Study Limitations: Besides the fishermen’s, the point of view of other participants should be determined. Conclusions: The relationship between fishermen and crocodiles is both harmonious and conflictive. On the one hand, both receive benefits; on the other hand, fishermen suffer economic, operative, and life style impacts, which create inauspicious scenarios for the conservation of the reptile

ADAMTS13 phenotype in plasma from normal individuals and patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura

The activity of ADAMTS13, the von Willebrand factor cleaving protease, is deficient in patients with thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). In the present study, the phenotype of ADAMTS13 in TTP and in normal plasma was demonstrated by immunoblotting. Normal plasma (n = 20) revealed a single band at 190 kD under reducing conditions using a polyclonal antibody, and a single band at 150 kD under non-reducing conditions using a monoclonal antibody. ADAMTS13 was not detected in the plasma from patients with congenital TTP (n = 5) by either antibody, whereas patients with acquired TTP (n = 2) presented the normal phenotype. Following immunoadsorption of immunoglobulins, the ADAMTS13 band was removed from the plasma of the patients with acquired TTP, but not from that of normal individuals. This indicates that ADAMTS13 is complexed with immunoglobulin in these patients. The lack of ADAMTS13 expression in the plasma from patients with hereditary TTP may indicate defective synthesis, impaired cellular secretion, or enhanced degradation in the circulation. This study differentiated between normal and TTP plasma, as well as between congenital and acquired TTP. This method may, therefore, be used as a complement in the diagnosis of TTP

Developing and testing a nurse-led intervention to support bereavement in relatives in the intensive care (BRIC study): a protocol of a pre-post intervention study

BACKGROUND: When a patient is approaching death in the intensive care unit (ICU), patients' relatives must make a rapid transition from focusing on their beloved one's recovery to preparation for their unavoidable death. Bereaved relatives may develop complicated grief as a consequence of this burdensome situation; however, little is known about appropriate options in quality care supporting bereaved relatives and the prevalence and predictors of complicated grief in bereaved relatives of deceased ICU patients in the Net

Genomic insights into the origin of farming in the ancient Near East

We report genome-wide ancient DNA from 44 ancient Near Easterners ranging in time between ~12,000 and 1,400 BC, from Natufian hunter–gatherers to Bronze Age farmers. We show that the earliest populations of the Near East derived around half their ancestry from a ‘Basal Eurasian’ lineage that had little if any Neanderthal admixture and that separated from other non-African lineages before their separation from each other. The first farmers of the southern Levant (Israel and Jordan) and Zagros Mountains (Iran) were strongly genetically differentiated, and each descended from local hunter–gatherers. By the time of the Bronze Age, these two populations and Anatolian-related farmers had mixed with each other and with the hunter–gatherers of Europe to greatly reduce genetic differentiation. The impact of the Near Eastern farmers extended beyond the Near East: farmers related to those of Anatolia spread westward into Europe; farmers related to those of the Levant spread southward into East Africa; farmers related to those of Iran spread northward into the Eurasian steppe; and people related to both the early farmers of Iran and to the pastoralists of the Eurasian steppe spread eastward into South Asia

Germline variants and breast cancer survival in patients with distant metastases at primary breast cancer diagnosis.

Breast cancer metastasis accounts for most of the deaths from breast cancer. Identification of germline variants associated with survival in aggressive types of breast cancer may inform understanding of breast cancer progression and assist treatment. In this analysis, we studied the associations between germline variants and breast cancer survival for patients with distant metastases at primary breast cancer diagnosis. We used data from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC) including 1062 women of European ancestry with metastatic breast cancer, 606 of whom died of breast cancer. We identified two germline variants on chromosome 1, rs138569520 and rs146023652, significantly associated with breast cancer-specific survival (P = 3.19 × 10-8 and 4.42 × 10-8). In silico analysis suggested a potential regulatory effect of the variants on the nearby target genes SDE2 and H3F3A. However, the variants showed no evidence of association in a smaller replication dataset. The validation dataset was obtained from the SNPs to Risk of Metastasis (StoRM) study and included 293 patients with metastatic primary breast cancer at diagnosis. Ultimately, larger replication studies are needed to confirm the identified associations

Lo glocal y el turismo. Nuevos paradigmas de interpretación.

El estudio del turismo se realiza desde múltiples escalas y enfoques, este libro aborda muchos temas que es necesario discutir desde diversas perspectivas; es el caso de la reflexión sobre la propia disciplina y sus conceptos, así como los asuntos específicos referidos al impacto territorial, los tipos de turismo, las cuestiones ambientales, el tema de la pobreza, la competitividad, las políticas públicas, el papel de las universidades, las áreas naturales protegidas, la sustentabilidad, la cultura, el desarrollo, la seguridad, todos temas centrales documentados y expuestos con originalidad y dominio del asunto. Lo multiescalar es básico para la comprensión del sistema turístico, sistema formado de procesos globales, regionales y locales. El eje de discusión del libro es lo glocal, esa interacción entre lo nacional y local con lo global

Relationship between the Clinical Frailty Scale and short-term mortality in patients ≥ 80 years old acutely admitted to the ICU: a prospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is frequently used to measure frailty in critically ill adults. There is wide variation in the approach to analysing the relationship between the CFS score and mortality after admission to the ICU. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of modelling approach on the association between the CFS score and short-term mortality and quantify the prognostic value of frailty in this context. METHODS: We analysed data from two multicentre prospective cohort studies which enrolled intensive care unit patients ≥ 80 years old in 26 countries. The primary outcome was mortality within 30-days from admission to the ICU. Logistic regression models for both ICU and 30-day mortality included the CFS score as either a categorical, continuous or dichotomous variable and were adjusted for patient's age, sex, reason for admission to the ICU, and admission Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score. RESULTS: The median age in the sample of 7487 consecutive patients was 84 years (IQR 81-87). The highest fraction of new prognostic information from frailty in the context of 30-day mortality was observed when the CFS score was treated as either a categorical variable using all original levels of frailty or a nonlinear continuous variable and was equal to 9% using these modelling approaches (p < 0.001). The relationship between the CFS score and mortality was nonlinear (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION: Knowledge about a patient's frailty status adds a substantial amount of new prognostic information at the moment of admission to the ICU. Arbitrary simplification of the CFS score into fewer groups than originally intended leads to a loss of information and should be avoided. Trial registration NCT03134807 (VIP1), NCT03370692 (VIP2)