Automated Deception Detection of Males and Females From Non-Verbal Facial Micro-Gestures

Gender bias within Artificial intelligence driven systems is currently a hot topic and is one of a number of areas where the data used to train, validate and test machine learning algorithms is under more scrutiny than ever before. In this paper we investigate if there is a difference between the nonverbal cues to deception generated by males and females through the use of an automated deception detection system. The system uses hierarchical neural networks to extract 36 channels of non-verbal head and facial behaviors whilst male and female participants are engaged in either a deceptive or truthful roleplaying task. An Image Vector dataset, comprising of 86584 vectors, is collated which uses a fixed sliding window slot of 1 second to record deceptive or truthful slots. Experiments were conducted on three variants of the dataset, all males, all females and mixed in order to examine if the differences in cues generated by males and females lead to differences in the accuracies of machine learning algorithms which classify their behavior. Results showed differences in nonverbal cues between males and females, with both genders at a disadvantage when treated by classifiers trained on both genders rather than classifiers specifically trained for each gender. However, there was no striking disadvantageous effect beyond the influence of their relative frequency of occurrence in the dataset

COMMISSIONING OF A HIGH-BRIGHTNESS PHOTOINJECTOR FOR COMPTON SCATTERING X-RAY SOURCES

Compton scattering of intense laser pulses with ultrarelativistic electron beams has proven to be an attractive source of high-brightness x-rays with keV to MeV energies. This type of x-ray source requires the electron beam brightness to be comparable with that used in x-ray free-electron lasers and laser and plasma based advanced accelerators. We describe the development and commissioning of a 1.6 cell RF photoinjector for use in Compton scattering experiments at LLNL. Injector development issues such as RF cavity design, beam dynamics simulations, emittance diagnostic development, results of sputtered magnesium photo-cathode experiments, and UV laser pulse shaping are discussed. Initial operation of the photoinjector is described

Four-fermion production in e+e−e^+e^- collisions at centre-of-mass energies of 130 and 136 GeV

Four-fermion events have been selected in a data sample of 5.8 pb−1 collected with the aleph detector at centre-of-mass energies of 130 and 136 GeV. The final states , ℓ+ℓ−ℓ+ℓ−, , and have been examined. Five events are observed in the data, in agreement with the Standard Model predictions of 6.67±0.38 events from four-fermion processes and 0.14−0.05+0.19 from background processes

Observation of charmless hadronic B decays

Four candidates for charmless hadronic B decay are observed in a data sample of four million hadronic Z decays recorded by the ALEPH detector at LEP. The probability that these events come from background sources is estimated to be less than 10(-6). The average branching of weakly decaying B hadrons (a mixture of B-d(0), B-s(0) and Lambda(b) weighted by their production The average branching ratio of weakly decaying B hadrons (a mixture of B-d(0) cross sections and lifetimes, here denoted B) into two long-lived charged hadrons (pions, kaons or protons) is measured to be Br(B-->h(+)h(-))=(1.7(-0.7)(+1.0)+/-0.2)x10(-5). The relative branching fraction Br(B-d(s)(0)-->pi(+)pi(-)(K-))/Br(B-d(s)(0)-->h(+)h(-)) is measured to be 1.0(-0.3-0.1)(+0.0+0.0). In addition, branching ratio upper limits are obtained for a variety of exclusive charmless hadronic two-body decays of B hadrons

Searches for neutral Higgs bosons in e+e−e^{+}e^{-} collisions at centre-of-mass energies from 192 to 202 GeV

Searches for neutral Higgs bosons are performed with the 237 pb^-1 of data collected in 1999 by the ALEPH detector at LEP, for centre-of-mass energies between 191.6 and 201.6 GeV. These searches apply to Higgs bosons within the context of the Standard Model and its minimal supersymmetric extension (MSSM) as well as to invisibly decaying Higgs bosons. No evidence of a signal is seen. A lower limit on the mass of the Standard Model Higgs boson of 107.7 GeV/c^2 at 95% confidence level is set. In the MSSM, lower limits of 91.2 and 91.6 GeV/c^2 are derived for the masses of the neutral Higgs bosons h and A, respectively. For a Higgs boson decaying invisibly and produced with the Standard Model cross section, masses below 106.4 GeV/c^2 are excluded

Measurement of the nuclear modification factor for inclusive jets in Pb+Pb collisions at √sNN=5.02 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Measurements of the yield and nuclear modification factor, RAA, for inclusive jet production are performed using 0.49nb−1of Pb+Pb data at √sNN=5.02TeVand 25pb−1of pp data at √s=5.02TeVwith the ATLAS detector at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed with the anti-kt algorithm with radius parameter R =0.4and are measured over the transverse momentum range of 40–1000GeVin six rapidity intervals covering |y| <2.8. The magnitude of RAA increases with increasing jet transverse momentum, reaching a value of approximately0.6 at 1TeVin the most central collisions. The magnitude of RAA also increases towards peripheral collisions. The value of RAA is independent of rapidity at low jet transverse momenta, but it is observed to decrease with increasing rapidity at high transverse momenta

Measurement of the inclusive cross-section for the production of jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at 8 TeV using the ATLAS detector

The inclusive cross-section for jet production in association with a Z boson decaying into an electron–positron pair is measured as a function of the transverse momentum and the absolute rapidity of jets using 19.9 fb −1 of s√=8 TeV proton–proton collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The measured Z + jets cross-section is unfolded to the particle level. The cross-section is compared with state-of-the-art Standard Model calculations, including the next-to-leading-order and next-to-next-to-leading-order perturbative QCD calculations, corrected for non-perturbative and QED radiation effects. The results of the measurements cover final-state jets with transverse momenta up to 1 TeV, and show good agreement with fixed-order calculations

Deception in the Eyes of Deceiver: A Computer Vision and Machine Learning Based Automated Deception Detection

There is growing interest in the use of automated psychological profiling systems, specifically applying machine learning to the field of deception detection. Several psychological studies and machine-based models have been reporting the use of eye interaction, gaze and facial movements as important clues to deception detection. However, the identification of very specific and distinctive features is still required. For the first time, we investigate the fine-grained level eyes and facial micro-movements to identify the distinctive features that provide significant clues for the automated deception detection. A real-time deception detection approach was developed utilizing advanced computer vision and machine learning approaches to model the non-verbal deceptive behavior. Artificial neural networks, random forests and support vector machines were selected as base models for the data on the total of 262,000 discrete measurements with 1,26,291 and 128,735 of deceptive and truthful instances, respectively. The data set used in this study is part of an ongoing programme to collect a larger dataset on the effects of gender and ethnicity on deception detection. Some observations are made based on this data which should not be interpreted as scientific conclusions, but pointers for future work. Analysis of the above models revealed that eye movements carry relatively important clues to distinguish truthful and deceptive behaviours. The research outcomes align with the findings from forensic psychologists who also reported the eye movements as distinctive for the truthful and deceptive behavior. The research outcomes and proposed approach are beneficial for human experts and has many applications within interdisciplinary domains

Mercury(II)-mediated routes to some side-chain functionalised 1,7-dioxaspiro[5.5]undecanes. Applications of Luche-Barbier chemoselective addition to ketoaldehydes

The ketoaldehyde, 5-oxo-9-decenal (4) undergoes chemoselective addition to the aldehyde with either allyl or propargyl bromide under Luche-Barbier conditions. Oxymercuration-cyclisation of the resulting hydroxyketones, followed by reductive or oxidative demercuration, provides functionalised spiroacetals, some of which are of insect origin