L'Étrange disparition du sergent Stahl / Marcel Verrier

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Dialogue militaire entre Anciens et Modernes

Longtemps confondue avec l'histoire générale, puis réduite au xixe siècle à des mémoires de généraux et à des études descriptives, l'histoire militaire est aujourd'hui en plein renouveau. Au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale, alors qu'il semblait nécessaire de comprendre les échecs à répétition de l'armée française devant leurs agresseurs allemands, Emile Georges Léonard a ouvert une voie nouvelle – celle de la modernité – dans cette discipline jusqu'ici boudée par les universitaires. Deux universités en particulier (Paris IV et Montpellier III) ont encadré cette renaissance d'une histoire désormais accompagnée par les grandes institutions historiques militaires. Elles se sont rejointes pour animer un dialogue nourri entre Antiquisants et Modernistes. C'est en effet dans la phalange macédonienne et la légion romaine que les Modernes ont cherché les modèles qui leur manquaient. Leuctres ou Cannes, Epaminondas et les Romains, de Fabius à César, l'infanterie romaine ou les cavaleries barbares, tout cela a été remis en perspective par des auteurs qui traduisaient Polybe, Végèce ou Frontin. C'est ce dialogue dont cherche à rendre compte le présent ouvrage, qui ne constitue pas pour autant une simple lecture des auteurs étudiés ici (Onosander et Xénophon, Machiavel et Turpin de Cissé...) ; celui-ci permet aussi au lecteur d'entrer dans la réalité des armes et des batailles, tout au moins de la comprendre, pour retrouver ce que les uns et les autres appellent l'art de la guerre

Mutations in ABCD4 cause a new inborn error of vitamin B(12) metabolism

Inherited disorders of vitamin B(12) (cobalamin) have provided important clues to how this vitamin, which is essential for hematological and neurological function, is transported and metabolized. We describe a new disease that results in failure to release vitamin B(12) from lysosomes, which mimics the cblF defect caused by LMBRD1 mutations. Using microcell-mediated chromosome transfer and exome sequencing, we identified causal mutations in ABCD4, a gene that codes for an ABC transporter, which was previously thought to have peroxisomal localization and function. Our results show that ABCD4 colocalizes with the lysosomal proteins LAMP1 and LMBD1, the latter of which is deficient in the cblF defect. Furthermore, we show that mutations altering the putative ATPase domain of ABCD4 affect its function, suggesting that the ATPase activity of ABCD4 may be involved in intracellular processing of vitamin B(12)

Low incidence of SARS-CoV-2, risk factors of mortality and the course of illness in the French national cohort of dialysis patients

International audienceThe aim of this study was to estimate the incidence of COVID-19 disease in the French national population of dialysis patients, their course of illness and to identify the risk factors associated with mortality. Our study included all patients on dialysis recorded in the French REIN Registry in April 2020. Clinical characteristics at last follow-up and the evolution of COVID-19 illness severity over time were recorded for diagnosed cases (either suspicious clinical symptoms, characteristic signs on the chest scan or a positive reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) for SARS-CoV-2. A total of 1,621 infected patients were reported on the REIN registry from March 16th, 2020 to May 4th, 2020. Of these, 344 died. The prevalence of COVID-19 patients varied from less than 1% to 10% between regions. The probability of being a case was higher in males, patients with diabetes, those in need of assistance for transfer or treated at a self-care unit. Dialysis at home was associated with a lower probability of being infected as was being a smoker, a former smoker, having an active malignancy, or peripheral vascular disease. Mortality in diagnosed cases (21%) was associated with the same causes as in the general population. Higher age, hypoalbuminemia and the presence of an ischemic heart disease were statistically independently associated with a higher risk of death. Being treated at a selfcare unit was associated with a lower risk. Thus, our study showed a relatively low frequency of COVID-19 among dialysis patients contrary to what might have been assumed