Behind the cross-fire: a critical & legal approach to the Second Amendment of the American Constitution

[ES] Si los Padres Fundadores hubieran tenido a su disposición los mismos medios y conocimientos que disponemos hoy en día, ¿darían más importancia al peligro especulativo de las armas de fuego o replantearían la formulación del texto de la Segunda Enmienda delimitando su alcance? Las Enmiendas a la Constitución de los Estados Unidos son consideradas como una de las mejores herramientas para la adaptación de la Constitución a los tiempos actuales, ajustándose a las problemáticas que surgen con la evolución de la sociedad. No obstante, la Segunda Enmienda sobre el porte y tenencia de armas ha sido motivo de extensa controversia por los ciudadanos, las organizaciones, e incluso, el Gobierno. El estudio de casos realizado ha permitido tener una visión introspectiva en relación con el progreso de jurisprudencia del Tribunal Supremo de los Estados Unidos a través de los años y las doctrinas seguidas por cada magistrado, así como los votos particulares planteados para enfatizar su argumentación o demostrar su desacuerdo con el fallo.[EN] If the Founding Fathers had had at their disposal the same means and knowledge we have today, would they have given more weight to the speculative danger of firearms or would they have rethought the wording of the text of the Second Amendment by delimiting its extent? The Amendments to the Constitution of the United States are considered one of the best instruments for the adaptation of the Constitution to current times, adjustingthe problems that arise with the evolution of society. However, the Second Amendment on the carrying and possession of firearms has been the subject of extensive debate by individuals, organizations and even the government. The case studies conducted has provided an introspective view of the progress of U.S. Supreme Court jurisprudence over the years and the doctrines followed by each justice, as well as the dissenting opinions submitted to emphasize their argument or to demonstrate their disagreement with the ruling

Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements