Implementación de un banco forrajero y parcelas demostrativas en la finca la Vitrina, vereda la Llanerita

Este proyecto de banco forrajeras en parcelas demostrativas se realizó en Villavicencio-Meta en la vereda a Llanerita en la Finca la Vitrina; el trabajo tuvo una duración de 6 meses, iniciando el 12 de enero de 2021 y finalizado el 12 de junio de 2021. El objetivo principal del proyecto fue establecer un banco forrajero para la alimentación de los animales de la finca y parcelas demostrativas (leguminosas, gramíneas y plantas arbustivas) que tienen un fin educativo para los estudiantes de la facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia de la Universidad Cooperativa de Colombia. Para el establecimiento de las parcelas y del banco forrajero, se diseñó un palmo de la distribución del terreno de la finca la vitrina que está conformado por salones, área para el proyecto del banco forrajero, división de las parcelas demostrativas, bodega, área de pasto de corte y de maíz por otro lado para iniciar el proyecto se realizó un análisis de suelo para determinar cuáles de las plantas se adaptan al tipo de suelo e identificar cuáles son los nutrientes disponibles del mismo para realizar se tomaron 10 sub muestras del suelo y se enviaron al laboratorio de la Universidad de loa Llanos posterior a recibir los resultados se realizó la delimitación del terreno, administración de químicos correctivos para el suelo, preparación del terreno (limpieza, quitar las arvenses), realizar la siembra, riego y mantenimiento diario de las parcelas, sin embargo la finca cuenta con producción bovina y estos se comieron las plantas que se habían sembrado por esto se debió realizar nuevamente el proceso de preparación y sembrar nuevamente las plantas.This forage bank project in demonstration plots was carried out in Villavicencio-Meta in the village of Llanerita in Finca la Vitrina; the work lasted 6 months, starting on January 12, 2021 and ending on June 12, 2021. The main objective of the project was to establish a fodder bank to feed the animals on the farm and demonstration plots (legumes, grasses and shrubby plants) that have an educational purpose for the students of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics of the Cooperative University of Colombia. For the establishment of the plots and the fodder bank, a span of the distribution of the farm's land was designed, the showcase, which is made up of rooms, an area for the fodder bank project, division of the demonstration plots, cellar, pasture area On the other hand, to start the project, a soil analysis was carried out to determine which of the plants adapt to the type of soil and to identify which nutrients are available from it. To carry out, 10 sub-samples of the soil were taken and sent to the laboratory of the University of the Llanos after receiving the results, the delimitation of the land was carried out, administration of corrective chemicals for the soil, preparation of the land (cleaning, removing the weeds), planting, irrigation and daily maintenance of the plots, however the farm has bovine production and these ate the plants that had been planted for this reason it had to be done again enter the preparation process and plant the plants again.Tabla de ilustraciones. -- 1. Resumen. -- 1.2 Abstract. -- 2. Antecedentes. -- 3. Objetivos. -- 3.1 General -- 3.2 Específicos. -- 4. Planteamiento del problema. -- 5. Justificación. -- 6. Marco Conceptual. -- 7. Metodología. -- 7.1 Toma y envío de muestras al laboratorio. -- 7.2 Clasificación y planeación de pastos a sembrar (figura 3). -- 7.3 Preparación del suelo. -- 7.4 Obtención de semillas a sembrar. -- 7.5 Siembra de pastos. -- 7.6 Limpieza y control de malezas. -- 7.7 Sistema de riego (agua). -- 8. Resultados. -- 9. Recomendaciones. -- 10. Conclusión. -- 11. Referencias Bibliograficas

Propuesta de mejora de gestión de inventarios en la empresa confecciones LAURA’S E.I.R.L. para la reducción de pedidos no atendidos

El presente trabajo está enfocado, en mejorar el proceso de la gestión de inventarios y la planificación para lograr atender todos los pedidos no atendidos en la empresa CONFECCIONES LAURA’S E.I.R.L. , la cual se dedica a la producción de prendas para bebes. La empresa por su actual crecimiento en el mercado ha llegado tener un cierto número de clientes, lo cual le genera en ocasiones a quedarse sin stock requerido, ya que ellos no tienen un planificación, ni un método cuantitativo que les permita el abastecimiento de todos sus pedidos. Para lograr este trabajo se realizó un diagnóstico del área del almacén y tener una idea más clara del porque no se logra atender todos los pedidos. La propuesta de un modelo de gestión de inventarios se basa en implementar los pronósticos de ventas y la gestión de reaprovisionamiento lo cual le permita a la empresa contar con el stock suficiente para cubrir cierta incertidumbre del mercado. Para la realización del diagnóstico se utilizó herramientas de análisis como diagrama de Ishikawa, en el cual nos ayudó a tener una mejor visión de cómo funciona actualmente el control de inventarios y así aplicar indicadores idóneos, logrando medir adecuadamente el índice de rotura y el nivel de servicio actual de la empresa. Una vez diagnosticado cuales son los problemas principales y secundarios, se plantea dar soluciones a cada una de ellas, lo cual se propone la implementación del modelo de inventarios, la capacitación y rotación de personal y nuevos procedimientos de reaprovisionamiento que cubran las cantidades optimas de cada familia de producto, haciendo la reposición en el momento indicado, manteniendo así clientes satisfechos, y lograr cumplir con todos los pedidos en las fechas de entrega

Comportamiento de la resistencia a la compresión de concreto F´C 210 kg/cm2 con adición al 1.5%, 3% y 5% de fibras de cáñamo, Trujillo – 2020

El empleo de fibras naturales en la elaboración del concreto es una propuesta innovadora en el tratamiento del concreto en relaciona a sus resistencia, así que en ese sentido el presente trabajo de investigación es del tipo experimental y se ha realizado el análisis del comportamiento de la resistencia a la compresión incorporando fibra de cáñamo en porcentajes de 1.5%, 3% y 5% con respecto al peso del cemento, realizando el ensayo a compresión correspondiente para edades de curado de 7, 14, 21 y 28 días, en la ciudad de Trujillo, donde cabe decir que en el porcentaje que aumento la resistencia a la compresión fue de adición de 1.5% de fibra de cáñamo y en cuanto al porcentaje de 3% y 5% no se ha logrado aumentar la resistencia con respecto a la probeta piloto. Con relación a la resistencia de la probeta base se observó que las probetas con los porcentajes añadidos de 3% y 5% tuvieron una reducción significativa. De esto se determina que la fibra de cáñamo agregado en un porcentaje de 1.5% aumenta la resistencia a la compresión, en cuanto al comportamiento en la resistencia al 3% y 5% no tiende en aumentar la resistencia a la compresión en el concreto.The use of natural fibers in the preparation of concrete is an innovative proposal in the treatment of concrete in relation to its resistance, so in this sense the present research work is experimental and the analysis of resistance behavior has been carried out. compression incorporating hemp fiber in percentages of 1.5%, 3% and 5% with respect to the weight of the cement, carrying out the corresponding test for curing ages of 7, 14, 21 and 28 days, in the city of Trujillo, where it can be said that the percentage that increased the compressive strength was the addition of 1.5% hemp fiber and as for the percentage of 3% and 5%, it has not been possible to increase the resistance with respect to the pilot probe. Regarding the resistance of the base specimen, it is realized that the specimens with the added percentages of 3% and 5% had a significant reduction. From this, it is determined that the hemp fiber added in a percentage of 1.5% increases the compressive strength, in terms of resistance behavior at 3% and 5% does not tend to increase the compressive strength in concrete

An inhibitory circuit from central amygdala to zona incerta drives pain-related behaviors in mice

Central amygdala neurons expressing protein kinase C-delta (CeA-PKCδ) are sensitized following nerve injury and promote pain-related responses in mice. The neural circuits underlying modulation of pain-related behaviors by CeA-PKCδ neurons, however, remain unknown. In this study, we identified a neural circuit that originates in CeA-PKCδ neurons and terminates in the ventral region of the zona incerta (ZI), a subthalamic structure previously linked to pain processing. Behavioral experiments show that chemogenetic inhibition of GABAergic ZI neurons induced bilateral hypersensitivity in uninjured mice and contralateral hypersensitivity after nerve injury. In contrast, chemogenetic activation of GABAergic ZI neurons reversed nerve injury-induced hyper-sensitivity. Optogenetic manipulations of CeA-PKCδ axonal terminals in the ZI further showed that inhibition of this pathway reduces nerve injury-induced hypersensitivity whereas activation of the pathway produces hypersensitivity in the uninjured paws. Altogether, our results identify a novel nociceptive inhibitory efferent pathway from CeA-PKCδ neurons to the ZI that bidirectionally modulates pain-related behaviors in mice.Fil: Singh, Sudhuman. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Wilson, Torri D.. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Valdivia Torres, Lesly Spring. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados Unidos. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Benowitz, Barbara. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Chaudhry, Sarah. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Ma, Jun. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Adke, Anisha P.. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Soler Cedeño, Omar. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Velasquez, Daniela. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Penzo, Mario A.. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados UnidosFil: Carrasquillo, Yarimar. National Center For Complementary And Integrative Health; Estados Unido

Prion Protein Polymorphisms Affect Chronic Wasting Disease Progression

Analysis of the PRNP gene in cervids naturally infected with chronic wasting disease (CWD) suggested that PRNP polymorphisms affect the susceptibility of deer to infection. To test this effect, we orally inoculated 12 white-tailed deer with CWD agent. Three different PRNP alleles, wild-type (wt; glutamine at amino acid 95 and glycine at 96), Q95H (glutamine to histidine at amino acid position 95) and G96S (glycine to serine at position 96) were represented in the study cohort with 5 wt/wt, 3 wt/G96S, and 1 each wt/Q95H and Q95H/G96S. Two animals were lost to follow-up due to intercurrent disease. The inoculum was prepared from Wisconsin hunter-harvested homozygous wt/wt animals. All infected deer presented with clinical signs of CWD; the orally infected wt/wt had an average survival period of 693 days post inoculation (dpi) and G96S/wt deer had an average survival period of 956 dpi. The Q95H/wt and Q95H/G96S deer succumbed to CWD at 1,508 and 1,596 dpi respectively. These data show that polymorphisms in the PRNP gene affect CWD incubation period. Deer heterozygous for the PRNP alleles had extended incubation periods with the Q95H allele having the greatest effect

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Innovation and Access to Medicines for Neglected Populations: Could a Treaty Address a Broken Pharmaceutical R&D System?

As part of a cluster of articles leading up to the 2012 World Health Report and critically reflecting on the theme of “no health without research,” Suerie Moon and colleagues argue for a global health R&D treaty to improve innovation in new medicines and strengthening affordability, sustainable financing, efficiency in innovation, and equitable health-centered governance

Stability for Receding-horizon Stochastic Model Predictive Control

A stochastic model predictive control (SMPC) approach is presented for discrete-time linear systems with arbitrary time-invariant probabilistic uncertainties and additive Gaussian process noise. Closed-loop stability of the SMPC approach is established by appropriate selection of the cost function. Polynomial chaos is used for uncertainty propagation through system dynamics. The performance of the SMPC approach is demonstrated using the Van de Vusse reactions.Comment: American Control Conference (ACC) 201

A collaboratively derived environmental research agenda for Galapagos

Galápagos is one of the most pristine archipelagos in the world and its conservation relies upon research and sensible management. In recent decades both the interest in, and the needs of, the islands have increased, yet the funds and capacity for necessary research have remained limited. It has become, therefore, increasingly important to identify areas of priority research to assist decision-making in Galápagos conservation. This study identified 50 questions considered priorities for future research and management. The exercise involved the collaboration of policy makers, practitioners and researchers from more than 30 different organisations. Initially, 360 people were consulted to generate 781 questions. An established process of preworkshop voting and three rounds to reduce and reword the questions, followed by a two-day workshop, was used to produce the final 50 questions. The most common issues raised by this list of questions were human population growth, climate change and the impact of invasive alien species. These results have already been used by a range of organisations and politicians and are expected to provide the basis for future research on the islands so that its sustainability may be enhanced. </jats:p