Study of Vector Boson Scattering and Search for New Physics in Events with Two Same-Sign Leptons and Two Jets

A study of vector boson scattering in pp collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 8 TeV is presented. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 19.4 fb(-1) collected with the CMS detector. Candidate events are selected with exactly two leptons of the same charge, two jets with large rapidity separation and high dijet mass, and moderate missing transverse energy. The signal region is expected to be dominated by electroweak same-sign W-boson pair production. The observation agrees with the standard model prediction. The observed significance is 2.0 standard deviations, where a significance of 3.1 standard deviations is expected based on the standard model. Cross section measurements for (WW +/-)-W-+/- and WZ processes in the fiducial region are reported. Bounds on the structure of quartic vector-boson interactions are given in the framework of dimension-eight effective field theory operators, as well as limits on the production of doubly charged Higgs bosons

Search for a W or Techni-rho Decaying into WZ in pp Collisions at root s=7 TeV

A search is performed in pp collisions at root s 7 TeV for exotic particles decaying via WZ to final states with electrons and muons. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of approximately 5 fb(-1). No significant excess is observed in the data above the expected standard model background. Upper bounds at 95% confidence level are set on the production cross section of the W boson described by the sequential standard model and on the W WZ coupling. W bosons with masses below 1143 GeV are excluded. Limits are also set in the context of low-scale technicolor models, under a range of assumptions concerning the model parameters

Evaluation of a quality improvement intervention to reduce anastomotic leak following right colectomy (EAGLE): pragmatic, batched stepped-wedge, cluster-randomized trial in 64 countries

Background Anastomotic leak affects 8 per cent of patients after right colectomy with a 10-fold increased risk of postoperative death. The EAGLE study aimed to develop and test whether an international, standardized quality improvement intervention could reduce anastomotic leaks. Methods The internationally intended protocol, iteratively co-developed by a multistage Delphi process, comprised an online educational module introducing risk stratification, an intraoperative checklist, and harmonized surgical techniques. Clusters (hospital teams) were randomized to one of three arms with varied sequences of intervention/data collection by a derived stepped-wedge batch design (at least 18 hospital teams per batch). Patients were blinded to the study allocation. Low- and middle-income country enrolment was encouraged. The primary outcome (assessed by intention to treat) was anastomotic leak rate, and subgroup analyses by module completion (at least 80 per cent of surgeons, high engagement; less than 50 per cent, low engagement) were preplanned. Results A total 355 hospital teams registered, with 332 from 64 countries (39.2 per cent low and middle income) included in the final analysis. The online modules were completed by half of the surgeons (2143 of 4411). The primary analysis included 3039 of the 3268 patients recruited (206 patients had no anastomosis and 23 were lost to follow-up), with anastomotic leaks arising before and after the intervention in 10.1 and 9.6 per cent respectively (adjusted OR 0.87, 95 per cent c.i. 0.59 to 1.30; P = 0.498). The proportion of surgeons completing the educational modules was an influence: the leak rate decreased from 12.2 per cent (61 of 500) before intervention to 5.1 per cent (24 of 473) after intervention in high-engagement centres (adjusted OR 0.36, 0.20 to 0.64; P < 0.001), but this was not observed in low-engagement hospitals (8.3 per cent (59 of 714) and 13.8 per cent (61 of 443) respectively; adjusted OR 2.09, 1.31 to 3.31). Conclusion Completion of globally available digital training by engaged teams can alter anastomotic leak rates. Registration number: NCT04270721 (http://www.clinicaltrials.gov)

Global Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair

Importance Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognized complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). A variable incidence of POUR has previously been reported in this context, and contradictory evidence surrounds potential risk factors.Objective To ascertain the incidence of, explore risk factors for, and determine the health service outcomes of POUR following elective IHR.Design, Setting, and Participants The Retention of Urine After Inguinal Hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER I) study, an international, prospective cohort study, recruited participants between March 1 and October 31, 2021. This study was conducted across 209 centers in 32 countries in a consecutive sample of adult patients undergoing elective IHR.Exposure Open or minimally invasive IHR by any surgical technique, under local, neuraxial regional, or general anesthesia.Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of POUR following elective IHR. Secondary outcomes were perioperative risk factors, management, clinical consequences, and health service outcomes of POUR. A preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score was measured in male patients.Results In total, 4151 patients (3882 male and 269 female; median [IQR] age, 56 [43-68] years) were studied. Inguinal hernia repair was commenced via an open surgical approach in 82.2% of patients (n = 3414) and minimally invasive surgery in 17.8% (n = 737). The primary form of anesthesia was general in 40.9% of patients (n = 1696), neuraxial regional in 45.8% (n = 1902), and local in 10.7% (n = 446). Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 5.8% of male patients (n = 224), 2.97% of female patients (n = 8), and 9.5% (119 of 1252) of male patients aged 65 years or older. Risk factors for POUR after adjusted analyses included increasing age, anticholinergic medication, history of urinary retention, constipation, out-of-hours surgery, involvement of urinary bladder within the hernia, temporary intraoperative urethral catheterization, and increasing operative duration. Postoperative urinary retention was the primary reason for 27.8% of unplanned day-case surgery admissions (n = 74) and 51.8% of 30-day readmissions (n = 72).Conclusions The findings of this cohort study suggest that 1 in 17 male patients, 1 in 11 male patients aged 65 years or older, and 1 in 34 female patients may develop POUR following IHR. These findings could inform preoperative patient counseling. In addition, awareness of modifiable risk factors may help to identify patients at increased risk of POUR who may benefit from perioperative risk mitigation strategies

Search for supersymmetry in hadronic final states with missing transverse energy using the variables αT and b-quark multiplicity in pp collisions at √s = 8 TeV

Submitted by Vitor Silverio Rodrigues ([email protected]) on 2014-05-27T11:30:34Z No. of bitstreams: 0Bitstream added on 2014-05-27T14:48:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 2-s2.0-84883824987.pdf: 1540579 bytes, checksum: be6bbff5192436d9fcdbc367ffd1650e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-05-27T11:30:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-09-01 An inclusive search for supersymmetric processes that produce final states with jets and missing transverse energy is performed in pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 8 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 11.7 fb-1 collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC. In this search, a dimensionless kinematic variable, αT, is used to discriminate between events with genuine and misreconstructed missing transverse energy. The search is based on an examination of the number of reconstructed jets per event, the scalar sum of transverse energies of these jets, and the number of these jets identified as originating from bottom quarks. No significant excess of events over the standard model expectation is found. Exclusion limits are set in the parameter space of simplified models, with a special emphasis on both compressed-spectrum scenarios and direct or gluino-induced production of third-generation squarks. For the case of gluino-mediated squark production, gluino masses up to 950-1125 GeV are excluded depending on the assumed model. For the direct pair-production of squarks, masses up to 450 GeV are excluded for a single light first- or second-generation squark, increasing to 600 GeV for bottom squarks. © 2013 CERN for the benefit of the CMS collaboration. CERN, Geneva Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan Institut für Hochenergiephysik der OeAW, Wien National Centre for Particle and High Energy Physics, Minsk Universiteit Antwerpen, Antwerpen Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel Université Libre de Bruxelles, Bruxelles Ghent University, Ghent Université Catholique de Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve Université de Mons, Mons Centro Brasileiro de Pesquisas Fisicas, Rio de Janeiro Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo Universidade Federal do ABC, São Paulo Institute for Nuclear Research and Nuclear Energy, Sofia University of Sofia, Sofia Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology Peking University, Beijing Universidad de Los Andes, Bogota Technical University of Split, Split University of Split, Split Institute Rudjer Boskovic, Zagreb University of Cyprus, Nicosia Charles University, Prague Academy of Scientific Research and Technology of the Arab Republic of Egypt Egyptian Network of High Energy Physics, Cairo National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Tallinn Department of Physics University of Helsinki, Helsinki Helsinki Institute of Physics, Helsinki Lappeenranta University of Technology, Lappeenranta DSM/IRFU CEA/Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet, Ecole Polytechnique IN2P3-CNRS, Palaiseau Institut Pluridisciplinaire Hubert Curien, Universite de Strasbourg, Universite de Haute Alsace Mulh CNRS/IN2P3, Strasbourg CNRS-IN2P3, Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon Université de Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Villeurbanne Institute of High Energy Physics and Informatization Tbilisi State University, Tbilisi I. Physikalisches Institut RWTH Aachen University, Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut A RWTH Aachen University, Aachen III. Physikalisches Institut B RWTH Aachen University, Aachen Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Hamburg University of Hamburg, Hamburg Institut für Experimentelle Kernphysik, Karlsruhe Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPP) NCSR Demokritos, Aghia Paraskevi University of Athens, Athens University of Ioánnina, Ioánnina KFKI Research Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Budapest Institute of Nuclear Research ATOMKI, Debrecen University of Debrecen, Debrecen Panjab University, Chandigarh University of Delhi, Delhi Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - EHEP, Mumbai Tata Institute of Fundamental Research - HECR, Mumbai Institute for Research in Fundamental Sciences (IPM), Tehran INFN Sezione di Bari, Bari Università di Bari, Bari Politecnico di Bari, Bari INFN Sezione di Bologna, Bologna Università di Bologna, Bologna INFN Sezione di Catania, Catania Università di Catania, Catania INFN Sezione di Firenze, Firenze Università di Firenze, Firenze INFN Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, Frascati INFN Sezione di Genova, Genova Università di Genova, Genova INFN Sezione di Milano-Bicocca, Milano Università di Milano-Bicocca, Milano INFN Sezione di Napoli, Napoli Università di Napoli 'Federico II', Napoli Università della Basilicata (Potenza), Napoli Università G. Marconi (Roma), Napoli INFN Sezione di Padova, Padova Università di Padova, Padova Università di Trento (Trento), Padova INFN Sezione di Pavia, Pavia Università di Pavia, Pavia INFN Sezione di Perugia, Perugia Università di Perugia, Perugia INFN Sezione di Pisa, Pisa Università di Pisa, Pisa Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa, Pisa INFN Sezione di Roma, Roma Università di Roma, Roma INFN Sezione di Torino, Torino Università di Torino, Torino Università del Piemonte Orientale (Novara), Torino INFN Sezione di Trieste, Trieste Università di Trieste, Trieste Kangwon National University, Chunchon Kyungpook National University, Daegu Institute for Universe and Elementary Particles Chonnam National University, Kwangju Korea University, Seoul University of Seoul, Seoul Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon Vilnius University, Vilnius Centro de Investigacion y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN, Mexico City Universidad Iberoamericana, Mexico City Benemerita Universidad Autonoma de Puebla, Puebla Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí University of Auckland, Auckland University of Canterbury, Christchurch National Centre for Physics Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad National Centre for Nuclear Research, Swierk Institute of Experimental Physics, Faculty of Physics University of Warsaw, Warsaw Laboratório de Instrumentação e Física Experimental de Partículas, Lisboa Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Dubna Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina (St. Petersburg) Institute for Nuclear Research, Moscow Institute for Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute, Moscow Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow State Research Center of Russian Federation Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino Faculty of Physics and Vinca Institute of Nuclear Sciences University of Belgrade, Belgrade Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Madrid Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid Universidad de Oviedo, Oviedo Instituto de Física de Cantabria (IFCA) CSIC-Universidad de Cantabria, Santander European Organization for Nuclear Research CERN, Geneva Paul Scherrer Institut, Villigen Institute for Particle Physics ETH Zurich, Zurich Universität Zürich, Zurich National Central University, Chung-Li National Taiwan University (NTU), Taipei Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok Cukurova University, Adana Physics Department Middle East Technical University, Ankara Bogazici University, Istanbul Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul National Scientific Center Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov University of Bristol, Bristol Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot Imperial College, London Brunel University, Uxbridge Baylor University, Waco The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa Boston University, Boston Brown University, Providence University of California, Davis, Davis University of California, Los Angeles University of California, Riverside, Riverside University of California, San Diego, La Jolla University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara California Institute of Technology, Pasadena Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder Cornell University, Ithaca Fairfield University, Fairfield Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia University of Florida, Gainesville Florida International University, Miami Florida State University, Tallahassee Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Chicago The University of Iowa, Iowa City Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore The University of Kansas, Lawrence Kansas State University, Manhattan Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore University of Maryland, College Park Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge University of Minnesota, Minneapolis University of Mississippi, Oxford University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo Northeastern University, Boston Northwestern University, Evanston University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame The Ohio State University, Columbus Princeton University, Princeton University of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez Purdue University, West Lafayette Purdue University Calumet, Hammond Rice University, Houston University of Rochester, Rochester The Rockefeller University, New York Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway University of Tennessee, Knoxville Texas A and M University, College Station Texas Tech University, Lubbock Vanderbilt University, Nashville University of Virginia, Charlottesville Wayne State University, Detroit University of Wisconsin, Madison Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paul

Development of the CMS detector for the CERN LHC Run 3

Since the initial data taking of the CERN LHC, the CMS experiment has undergone substantial upgrades and improvements. This paper discusses the CMS detector as it is configured for the third data-taking period of the CERN LHC, Run 3, which started in 2022. The entire silicon pixel tracking detector was replaced. A new powering system for the superconducting solenoid was installed. The electronics of the hadron calorimeter was upgraded. All the muon electronic systems were upgraded, and new muon detector stations were added, including a gas electron multiplier detector. The precision proton spectrometer was upgraded. The dedicated luminosity detectors and the beam loss monitor were refurbished. Substantial improvements to the trigger, data acquisition, software, and computing systems were also implemented, including a new hybrid CPU/GPU farm for the high-level trigger

Search for a light charged Higgs boson decaying to c-sbar in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV

see paper for full list of authorsInternational audienceA search for a light charged Higgs boson, originating from the decay of a top quark and subsequently decaying into a charm quark and a strange antiquark, is presented. The data used in the analysis correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 inverse-femtobarns recorded in proton-proton collisions at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC. The search is performed in the process t tbar to W+/- b H-/+ bbar, where the W boson decays to a lepton (electron or muon) and a neutrino. The decays lead to a final state comprising an isolated lepton, at least four jets and large missing transverse energy. No significant deviation is observed in the data with respect to the standard model predictions, and model-independent upper limits are set on the branching fraction BF( t to H+ b ), ranging from 1.2 to 6.5% for a charged Higgs boson with mass between 90 and 160 GeV, under the assumption that BF( H+ to c sbar ) = 100%

Measurement of the ratio B(t›Wb)/B(t›Wq) in pp collisions at s=8 TeV

The ratio of the top-quark branching fractions R=B(t›Wb)/B(t›Wq), where the denominator includes the sum over all down-type quarks (q=b,s,d), is measured in the tt¯ dilepton final state with proton–proton collision data at s=8 TeV from an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb-1, collected with the CMS detector. In order to quantify the purity of the signal sample, the cross section is measured by fitting the observed jet multiplicity, thereby constraining the signal and background contributions. By counting the number of b jets per event, an unconstrained value of R=1.014±0.003(stat.)±0.032(syst.) is measured, in a good agreement with current precision measurements in electroweak and flavour sectors. A lower limit R>0.955 at the 95% confidence level is obtained after requiring R?1, and a lower limit on the Cabibbo–Kobayashi–Maskawa matrix element |Vtb|>0.975 is set at 95% confidence level. The result is combined with a previous CMS measurement of the t-channel single-top-quark cross section to determine the top-quark total decay width, ?t=1.36±0.02(stat.)-0.11 +0.14(syst.) GeV. © 2014 The Author