18 research outputs found
Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response, aging and exercise: an update
9 p.The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic and multifunctional organelle responsible
for protein biosynthesis, folding, assembly and modifications. Loss of protein folding
regulation, which leads to unfolded or misfolded proteins accumulation inside the ER
lumen, drives ER stress (ERS) and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation. During
aging, there is a decline in the ability of the cell to handle protein folding, accumulation
and aggregation, and the function of UPR is compromised. There is a progressive
failure of the chaperoning systems and a decline in many of its components, so that
the UPR activation cannot rescue the ERS. Physical activity has been proposed as
a powerful tool against aged-related diseases, which are linked to ERS. Interventional
studies have demonstrated that regular exercise is able to decrease oxidative stress
and inflammation and reverse mitochondrial and ER dysfunctions. Exercise-induced
metabolic stress could activate the UPR since muscle contraction is directly involved
in its activation, mediating exercise-induced adaptation responses. In fact, regular
moderate-intensity exercise-induced ERS acts as a protective mechanism against
current and future stressors. However, biological responses vary according to exercise
intensity and therefore induce different degrees of ERS and UPR activation. This article
reviews the effects of aging and exercise on ERS and UPR, also analyzing possible
changes induced by different types of exercise in elderly subjects.S
PROMISING THE DREAM: changing destination image of London through the effect of website place
Drawing on theories of place identity and social identity, this study aims to fill a gap in place identity studies regarding the effect of a place website on the destination image of customers/visitors/tourists. The research addresses three questions: (1) what are the main impacts of tourists’ attitude on place identity and the place website, (2) what are the factors that influence destination image, and (3) what are the main impacts of a favorable destination image? The favorability of a destination image is reflected by the extent to which visitors positively regard that place website. Results reveal the importance of the destination image in enhancing the intention to revisit and recommend. Also, visitors’ satisfaction impacts on their intention to revisit and recommend the place. Significant implications for place managers and researchers are highlighted
Evaluation of appendicitis risk prediction models in adults with suspected appendicitis
Background
Appendicitis is the most common general surgical emergency worldwide, but its diagnosis remains challenging. The aim of this study was to determine whether existing risk prediction models can reliably identify patients presenting to hospital in the UK with acute right iliac fossa (RIF) pain who are at low risk of appendicitis.
Methods
A systematic search was completed to identify all existing appendicitis risk prediction models. Models were validated using UK data from an international prospective cohort study that captured consecutive patients aged 16–45 years presenting to hospital with acute RIF in March to June 2017. The main outcome was best achievable model specificity (proportion of patients who did not have appendicitis correctly classified as low risk) whilst maintaining a failure rate below 5 per cent (proportion of patients identified as low risk who actually had appendicitis).
Results
Some 5345 patients across 154 UK hospitals were identified, of which two‐thirds (3613 of 5345, 67·6 per cent) were women. Women were more than twice as likely to undergo surgery with removal of a histologically normal appendix (272 of 964, 28·2 per cent) than men (120 of 993, 12·1 per cent) (relative risk 2·33, 95 per cent c.i. 1·92 to 2·84; P < 0·001). Of 15 validated risk prediction models, the Adult Appendicitis Score performed best (cut‐off score 8 or less, specificity 63·1 per cent, failure rate 3·7 per cent). The Appendicitis Inflammatory Response Score performed best for men (cut‐off score 2 or less, specificity 24·7 per cent, failure rate 2·4 per cent).
Conclusion
Women in the UK had a disproportionate risk of admission without surgical intervention and had high rates of normal appendicectomy. Risk prediction models to support shared decision‐making by identifying adults in the UK at low risk of appendicitis were identified