Impacts of elevated dissolved CO2 on a shallow groundwater system: reactive transport modeling of a controlled-release field test

One of the risks that CO2 geological sequestration imposes on the environment is the impact of potential CO2/brine leakage on shallow groundwater. The reliability of reactive transport models predicting the response of groundwater to CO2 leakage depends on a thorough understanding of the relevant chemical processes and key parameters affecting dissolved CO2 transport and reaction. Such understanding can be provided by targeted field tests integrated with reactive transport modeling. A controlled-release field experiment was conducted in Mississippi to study the CO2-induced geochemical changes in a shallow sandy aquifer at about 50 m depth. The field test involved a dipole system in which the groundwater was pumped from one well, saturated with CO2 at the pressure corresponding to the hydraulic pressure of the aquifer, and then re-injected into the same aquifer using a second well. Groundwater samples were collected for chemical analyses from four monitoring wells before, during and after the dissolved CO2 was injected. In this paper, we present reactive transport models used to interpret the observed changes in metal concentrations in these groundwater samples. A reasonable agreement between simulated and measured concentrations indicates that the chemical response in the aquifer can be interpreted using a conceptual model that encompasses two main features: (a) a fast-reacting but limited pool of reactive minerals that responds quickly to changes in pH and causes a pulse-like concentration change, and (b) a slow-reacting but essentially unlimited mineral pool that yields rising metal concentrations upon decreased groundwater velocities after pumping and injection stopped. During the injection, calcite dissolution and Ca-driven cation exchange reactions contribute to a sharp pulse in concentrations of Ca, Ba, Mg, Mn, K, Li, Na and Sr, whereas desorption reactions control a similar increase in Fe concentrations. After the injection and pumping stops and the groundwater flow rate decreases, the dissolution of relatively slow reacting minerals such as plagioclase drives the rising concentrations of alkali and alkaline earth metals observed at later stages of the test, whereas the dissolution of amorphous iron sulfide causes slowly increasing Fe concentrations

Neptunium Transport Behavior in the Vicinity of Underground Nuclear Tests at the Nevada Test Site

We used short lived {sup 239}Np as a yield tracer and state of the art magnetic sector ICP-MS to measure ultra low levels of {sup 237}Np in a number of 'hot wells' at the Nevada National Security Site (NNSS), formerly known as the Nevada Test Site (NTS). The results indicate that {sup 237}Np concentrations at the Almendro, Cambric, Dalhart, Cheshire and Chancellor sites, are in the range of 3 x 10{sup -5} to 7 x 10{sup -2} pCi/L and well below the MCL for alpha emitting radionuclides (15 pCi/L) (EPA, 2009). Thus, while Np transport is believed to occur at the NNSS, activities are expected to be well below the regulatory limits for alpha-emitting radionuclides. We also compared {sup 237}Np concentration data to other radionuclides, including tritium, {sup 14}C, {sup 36}Cl, {sup 99}Tc, {sup 129}I, and plutonium, to evaluate the relative {sup 237}Np transport behavior. Based on isotope ratios relative to published unclassified Radiologic Source Terms (Bowen et al., 1999) and taking into consideration radionuclide distribution between melt glass, rubble and groundwater (IAEA, 1998), {sup 237}Np appears to be substantially less mobile than tritium and other non-sorbing radionuclides, as expected. However, this analysis also suggests that {sup 237}Np mobility is surprisingly similar to that of plutonium. The similar transport behavior of Np and Pu can be explained by one of two possibilities: (1) Np(IV) and Pu(IV) oxidation states dominate under mildly reducing NNSS groundwater conditions resulting in similar transport behavior or (2) apparent Np transport is the result of transport of its parent {sup 241}Pu and {sup 241}Am isotopes and subsequent decay to {sup 237}Np. Finally, measured {sup 237}Np concentrations were compared to recent Hydrologic Source Term (HST) models. The 237Np data collected from three wells in Frenchman Flat (RNM-1, RNM-2S, and UE-5n) are in good agreement with recent HST transport model predictions (Carle et al., 2005). The agreement provides confidence in the results of the predictive model. The comparison to Cheshire HST model predictions (Pawloski et al, 2001) is somewhat ambiguous due to the low concentration resolution of the particle transport model

Effect of desferrioxamine B and Suwannee River fulvic acid on Fe(III) release and Cr(III) desorption from goethite

Siderophores are biogenic chelating ligands that facilitate the solubilization of Fe(III) and form stable complexes with a range of contaminant metals and therefore may significantly affect their biogeochemical cycling. Desferrioxamine B (DFOB) is a trihydroxamate siderophore that acts synergistically with fulvic acid and low molecular weight organic ligands to release Fe from Fe(III) oxides. We report the results of batch dissolution experiments in which we determine the rates of Cr(III) desorption and Fe(III) release from Cr(III)-treated synthetic goethite as influenced by DFOB, by fulvic acid, and by the two compounds in combination. We observed that adsorbed Cr(III) at 3% surface coverage significantly reduced Fe(III) release from goethite for all combinations of DFOB and fulvic acid. When DFOB (270 µM) was the only ligand present, dissolved Fe(III) and Cr(III) increased approximately 1000-fold and 16-fold, respectively, as compared to the ligand-free system, a difference we attribute to the slow rate of water exchange of Cr(III). Suwannee River fuvic acid (SRFA) acts synergistically with DFOB by (i) reducing the goethite surface charge leading to increased HDFOB+ surface excess and by (ii) forming aqueous Fe(III)-SRFA species whose Fe(III) is subsequently removed by DFOB to yield aqueous Fe(III)-DFOB complexes. These observations shed new light on the synergistic relationship between DFOB and fulvic acid and reveal the mechanisms of Fe(III) acquisition available to plants and micro-organisms in Cr(III) contaminated environments

Uranium mobility in organic matter-rich sediments: A review of geological and geochemical processes

Uranium (U) is of enormous global importance because of its use in energy generation, albeit with potential environmental legacies. While naturally occurring U is widespread in the Earth's crust at concentrations of ~1 to 3 ppm, higher concentrations can be found, includingwithin organicmatter (OM)-rich sediments, leading to economic extraction opportunities. The primary determinants of U behaviour in ore systems are pH, Eh, U oxidation state (U(IV), U(VI)) and the abundance of CO3 2– ions. The concentration/availability and interrelationships among such determinants vary, and the solubility and mobility of ions (e.g. OH-, CO3 2–, PO4 3-, SiO4 4-, SO4 2-) that compete for U (primarily as U(VI)) will also influence the mobility of U. In addition, the presence of OM can influence U mobility and fate by the degree of OMsorption to mineral surfaces (e.g. Fe- and Si- oxides and hydroxides). Within solid-phase OM, microbes can influence U oxidation state and U stability through direct enzymatic reduction, biosorption, biomineralisation and bioaccumulation. The biogenic UO2 product is, however, reported to be readily susceptible to reoxidation and therefore more likely remobilised over longer time periods. Thus several areas of uncertainty remain with respect to factors contributing to U accumulation, stability and/or (re)mobilisation. To address these uncertainties, this paper reviews U dynamics at both geological and molecular scales. Here we identify U-OMbond values that are in agreement, relatively strong, independent from ionic strength and which may facilitate either U mobilisation or immobilisation, depending on environmental conditions. We also examine knowledge gaps in the literature, with U-OM solubility data generally lacking in comparison to data for U sorption and dissolution, and little information available on multi-component relationships, such as UOM-V (V as vanadate). Furthermore, the capability ofOMto influence the oxidation state of U at near surface conditions remains unclear, as it can be postulated that electron shuttling by OM may contribute to changes in U redox state otherwise mediated by bacteria. Geochemical modelling of the environmental mobility of U will require incorporation of data from multi-corporation studies, as well as from studies of U-OM microbial interactions, all of which are considered in this review

HB29 LIS : Handbibliothek Library and Information Studies

In the course of the academic training for "Library and Information Studies" at the University Library Graz the project team dealt with the introduction of a reference library for "Library and Information Studies". Based on the old HB29 "Information Science" - which was largely out dated and not useable for the participants of the course – the team worked on lists of the books to be stored and those to be acquired including a budget plan. Moreover the team produced a new systematic for the new stock

Prüfung der Vorteilhaftigkeit einer Rationalisierungsinvestition anhand eines Kostenvergleichs am Beispiel eines Tropfenspeisers für die Streuscheibenproduktion

Ziel der Diplomarbeit ist es die Vorteilhaftigkeit einer Rationalisierungsinvestition anhand eines Kostenvergleichs am Beispiel eines Tropfenspeisers für die Streuscheibenproduktion zu prüfen. Zuerst werden die Grundlagen der Investitionsrechnung sowie der Kosten- und Leistungsrechnung ausgearbeitet. Danach erfolgt dieDarstellung der wirtschaftlichen und technischen Ausgangssituation bevor die Thematik Glas behandelt wird. Weiters werden Funktionsweise und Wirksamkeit der technischen Anlagen, die für die Produktion von Streuscheiben wesentlich sind, erörtert. Anschließend wird ein Kostenvergleich durchgeführt und bewertet. Abschließend erfolgen ein Resümee der Arbeit sowie ein Ausblick in die Zukunft

Behavioral Branding in NPOs : eine Analyse ausgewählter Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen zum Zweck des Behavioral Branding und der spezifischen Herausforderungen in Non-Profit-Organisationen

Aufgrund des weltweiten Wachstumskurses der Non-Profit-Sektoren und des daraus resultierenden verstärkten Wettbewerbs ist es für NPOs essenziell, sämtliche Anspruchsgruppen zufriedenzustellen und sich gegenüber der Konkurrenz zu differenzieren. Dies kann mittels Behavioral Branding erreicht werden, denn nur durch ein markenkonformes Verhalten der Mitarbeitenden ist es möglich, die Erwartungen der Anspruchsgruppen zu erfüllen und somit einen Wettbewerbsvorteil zu erlangen. Behavioral Branding bedingt dabei die Miteinbeziehung der Personalentwicklung, um die Marke und das dazu passende markenkonforme Verhalten in den Köpfen aller Mitarbeitenden zu verankern. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich daher mit der Frage, wie Behavioral Branding in NPOs durch Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen gestaltet werden kann und worin dabei die spezifischen Herausforderungen liegen. Zu diesem Zweck wird in dieser Arbeit zunächst auf die theoretischen Grundlagen des Behavioral Branding eingegangen und es wird mit dem Brand Behavior Funnel von Wentzel et al. ein Erklärinstrument für das Zustandekommen von Brand Behavior aufgezeigt. Das darauffolgende Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit den NPOs und mit verschiedenen spezifischen Charakteristika ebendieser, bevor im vierten Kapitel mithilfe des Brand Behavior Funnel vier zum Behavioral Branding geeignete Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen dargestellt werden. Das letzte Kapitel dient der Zusammenführung der bisherigen Ergebnisse der Arbeit und infolgedessen der Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage. Daher werden verschiedene Herausforderungen des Behavioral Branding in NPOs aufgezeigt und es werden die ausgewählten sich zum Behavioral Branding eignenden Personalentwicklungsmaßnahmen auf deren Eignung bezüglich der spezifischen Charakteristika von NPOs überprüft. Somit kann ein Vorschlag erbracht werden, welche Maßnahmen in NPOs kombiniert werden sollten, um markenkonformes Mitarbeitendenverhalten zu erreichen.Due to the worldwide growth course of the non-profit sectors and the resultant increased competition, it is essential for NPOs to satisfy all stakeholders and to differentiate from competitors. This can be achieved through Behavioral Branding, because only through a brand consistent employee behavior it is possible to meet the expectations of the stakeholders and obtain competitive advantage. Behavioral Branding thereby requires the involvement of the human resource development to anchor the brand and the appropriate brand consistent behavior in the minds of all employees. Therefore, this master thesis investigates the question of how Behavioral Branding can be implemented in NPOs by the use of human resource development measures and which specific challenges thereby arise. For this purpose, the theoretical foundations of Behavioral Branding are discussed first in this thesis. Furthermore, there is presented an explanation tool for the occurrence of Brand Behavior the Brand Behavior Funnel by Wentzel et al. The following chapter deals with the NPOs and their specific characteristics, before chapter four focuses on the human resource development. On the basis of the Brand Behavior Funnel, four different human resource development measures which are suitable for Behavioral Branding are outlined. The last chapter serves for bringing together the previous findings of this thesis and consequently for answering the research question. For this reason, there are presented various specific challenges of Behavioral Branding in NPOs and the suitability of the selected human resource development measures regarding the specific characteristics of NPOs is examined. As a result, it is possible to make a proposal which measures should be combined in NPOs to achieve brand consistent employee behavior.Lisa Tinnacher, BScZusammenfassungen in Deutsch und EnglischAbweichender Titel laut Übersetzung des Verfassers/der VerfasserinKarl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Masterarbeit, 2018(VLID)258164

Die barocke Vereinigung zweier Kunstsammlungen

Die vorliegende Arbeit untersucht die Entwicklung der Kunstsammlung der Familie Rospigliosi-Pallavicini im Zeitraum von 1682 bis 1713. Die Basis bilden drei Inventare aus den Jahren 1682, 1708 und 1713, von denen die ersten beiden Dokumente nicht publiziert sind und im Rahmen dieser Diplomarbeit das erste Mal in ihrer Gesamtheit studiert wurden. Nachdem sich die Rospigliosi mit der Familie Pallavicini durch eine Heirat zusammengeschlossen hatten, ließ sich die neugegründete Familie im 17. Jahrhundert in Rom nieder und versuchte sich in der römischen Gesellschaft zu etablieren. Die Rospigliosi stammten ursprünglich aus Pistoia und die Pallavicini aus Genua. Die ersten Kapitel befassen sich mit den Ursprüngen der beiden Familien, deren soziale und kulturelle Wurzeln Einfluss auf den Sammlungsgeschmack der einzelnen Familienmitglieder hatten. In einem zweiten Abschnitt wird die Eheschließung von Maria Camilla Pallavicini mit Giovan Battista Rospigliosi 1670 betrachtet, die die Ausgangsbasis für die dauerhafte Ansiedelung in Rom darstellte. Basierend auf dem Fedecommesso und der Primogenitura konnte die Zukunft einer Kunstsammlung dieser Größenordnung garantiert werden. Besonders ist, dass der Fedecommesso der Rospigliosi-Pallavicini vorsah, dass sich die beiden Familien nach dem Ableben von Giovan Battista Rospigliosi 1722 wieder in zwei Familien aufteilen sollten und damit auch die Kunstsammlung. Der erstgeborene Sohn führte den Namen Rospigliosi weiter, der zweitgeborene den Namen Pallavicini. Die Analyse erfolgt anhand dreier Inventare, die die Sammlung vor Trennung 1722 dokumentieren. Diese Dokumente aus den Jahren 1682 und 1708 werden mit Inventar von 1713 verglichen, dem umfangreichsten Inventar der ersten Generation der Familie. Diese frühen Bände sind die ersten erhaltenen Inventare, die sich auf den Besitz der neugeründeten Familie bezogen, der in der Residenz am Monte Cavallo aufbewahrt wurde. Das letzte Kapitel ordnet die Sammlung Rospigliosi-Pallavicini in den römischen Kontext ein, indem die Sammlung mit fünf weiteren bedeutenden Kunstsammlungen verglichen wird. Es handelt sich dabei um die Sammlungen von Lorenzo Onofrio Colonna, Livio I. Odescalchi, Camillo Pamphilij und den Kardinälen Francesco und Antonio Barberini