Traumatic posterior urethral fistula to hip joint following gunshot injury: a case report

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Introduction</p> <p>Urinary system fistula to the hip joint is a rare complication. We report a case of delayed posterior urethral fistula to the hip joint following penetrating gunshot wound injury.</p> <p>Case presentation</p> <p>A 37-year-old Iranian Balochi male was shot with a firearm in the superior part of his right pelvis. He underwent primary closure on the same day. Ten months later, he developed urinary retention. He underwent retrograde urethrography and antegrade cystography which showed a stricture measuring 5 cm in length. There was also a history of progressive pain in the right hip joint accompanied by low grade fever which started 2 months after the initial injury. Hip X-ray showed evidence of an acetabular cavity and femoral head destruction diagnostic of complicated septic arthritis. The patient subsequently underwent reconstructive surgery for the urethral stricture and urethral fistula via a transperineal approach followed by total hip arthroplasty.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Hip joint contamination with urine following a urethro-acetabular fistula can lead to severe and disabling complications such as septic arthritis. We recommend that every clinician should keep these fistulas in mind as a complication of penetrating urethral injury and every attempt should be made for their early diagnosis and prompt treatment.</p

Aragonite saturation state in a continental shelf (Gulf of Cádiz, SW IberianPeninsula): Evidences of acidification in the coastal area

The spatiotemporal variability of aragonite saturation state (ΩAr) has been studied in the eastern shelf of the Gulf of Cádiz (GoC) (SW Iberian Peninsula). The study was carried out during the years 2014 and 2016 aboard twelve oceanographic cruises, along three or five transects, located between Cape Trafalgar and the Guadiana River. The GoC exhibited oversaturated of calcium carbonate with ΩAr mean values of 2.68 ± 0.30 in surface and 2.05 ± 0.15 in deep waters. pH, total alkalinity (TA), calcium concentration (Ca2+) and ΩAr showed a high variability within the surface mixed layer (SML, z 100 m), TA and Ca2+ concentration presented a conservative behaviour related to the distribution of the different water masses located in the GoC. The vertical variation of ΩAr also depends on the degree of mineralization of these water masses, obtaining the maximum values in the Subtropical North Atlantic Central Water (100–200 m), minimum values in the Subpolar North Atlantic Central Water (about 400 m), and intermediate values associated to the presence of the Mediterranean Water (>500 m). Results showed a significative acidification of the coastal areas, for those depths lower than 100 m from 2006 to 2016, with a mean decrease of pH and ΩAr of −0.0089 and −0.0552 yr−1, respectively. © 2021 The AuthorsThis work was funded by the Spanish CICYT (Spanish Program for Science and Technology) under the contract RTI2018-100865-B-C21 . Dolores Jiménez-López was financed by the University of Cádiz with a FPI fellowship (FPI-UCA) and Ana Sierra was financed by the Spanish Ministry of Education with a FPU fellowship (FPU2014-04048)

Cellular magnesium acquisition : an anomaly in embryonic cation homeostasis

Author Posting. © The Author(s), 2007. This is the author's version of the work. It is posted here by permission of Elsevier B.V. for personal use, not for redistribution. The definitive version was published in Experimental and Molecular Pathology 83 (2007): 224-240, doi:10.1016/j.yexmp.2007.03.007.The intracellular dominance of magnesium ion makes clinical assessment difficult despite the critical role of Mg++ in many key functions of cells and enzymes. There is general consensus that serum Mg++ levels are not representative of the growing number of conditions for which magnesium is known to be important. There is no consensus method or sample source for testing for clinical purposes. High intracellular Mg++ in vertebrate embryos results in part from interactions of cations which influence cell membrane transport systems. These are functionally competent from the earliest stages, at least transiently held over from the unfertilized ovum. Kinetic studies with radiotracer cations, osmolar variations, media lacking one or more of the four biological cations, Na+, Mg++, K+, and Ca++, and metabolic poison 0.05 mEq/L NaF, demonstrated: (1) all four cations influence the behavior of the others, and (2) energy is required for uptake and efflux on different time scales, some against gradient. Na+ uptake is energy dependent against an efflux gradient. The rate of K+ loss is equal with or without fluoride, suggesting a lack of an energy requirement at these stages. Ca++ efflux took twice as long in the presence of fluoride, likely due in part to intracellular binding. Mg++ is anomalous in that early teleost vertebrate embryos have an intracellular content exceeding the surrounding sea water, an isolated unaffected yolk compartment, and a clear requirement for energy for both uptake and efflux. The physiological, pathological, and therapeutic roles of magnesium are poorly understood. This will change: (1) when 28Mg is once again generally available at a reasonable cost for both basic research and clinical assessment, and (2) when serum or plasma levels are determined simultaneously with intracellular values, preferably as part of complete four cation profiles. Atomic absorption spectrophotometry, energy-dispersive x-ray analysis, and inductively coupled plasma emission spectroscopy on sublingual mucosal and peripheral blood samples are potential methods of value for coordinated assessments.AEC Grant No. 134

Cardiac ion channel modulation by the hypoglycaemic agent rosiglitazone

The hypoglycaemic thiazolidinedione rosiglitazone is used clinically in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. However, in 2010, information relating to rosiglitazone-associated increased cardiovascular risk led the European Medicines Agency to recommend suspension of marketing authorizations for rosiglitazone-containing anti-diabetes drugs, while the US Food and Drug Administration recommended significant restriction on the agent's use. Two timely studies in this issue of the British Journal of Phrarmacology provide new information regarding modification of cardiac cellular electrophysiology by rosiglitazone. Szentandrássy et al. demonstrate canine ventricular action potential modification and concentration-dependent suppression of L-type Ca current and of transient outward and rapid delayed rectifier K currents. Jeong et al. demonstrate concentration-dependent inhibition of recombinant Kv4.3 channels, providing mechanistic insight into the likely molecular basis of transient outward K current inhibition by the compound. Further studies using diabetic models would be of value to determine whether, in a diabetic setting, rosiglitazone modification of these channels could affect the risk of arrhythmia at clinically relevant drug concentrations