Competencia digital, alfabetización mediática y formación del profesorado: vinculación de la teoría y la práctica a través de la colaboración inter-nivelar

Depto. de Estudios EducativosFac. de EducaciónFALSEsubmitte

Global variations in diabetes mellitus based on fasting glucose and haemogloblin A1c

Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but may identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening had elevated FPG, HbA1c, or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardised proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed, and detected in survey screening, ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the agestandardised proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global gap in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance.peer-reviewe

Centrality evolution of the charged-particle pseudorapidity density over a broad pseudorapidity range in Pb-Pb collisions at root s(NN)=2.76TeV

Peer reviewe

Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants

Background Hypertension can be detected at the primary health-care level and low-cost treatments can effectively control hypertension. We aimed to measure the prevalence of hypertension and progress in its detection, treatment, and control from 1990 to 2019 for 200 countries and territories. Methods We used data from 1990 to 2019 on people aged 30–79 years from population-representative studies with measurement of blood pressure and data on blood pressure treatment. We defined hypertension as having systolic blood pressure 140 mm Hg or greater, diastolic blood pressure 90 mm Hg or greater, or taking medication for hypertension. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate the prevalence of hypertension and the proportion of people with hypertension who had a previous diagnosis (detection), who were taking medication for hypertension (treatment), and whose hypertension was controlled to below 140/90 mm Hg (control). The model allowed for trends over time to be non-linear and to vary by age. Findings The number of people aged 30–79 years with hypertension doubled from 1990 to 2019, from 331 (95% credible interval 306–359) million women and 317 (292–344) million men in 1990 to 626 (584–668) million women and 652 (604–698) million men in 2019, despite stable global age-standardised prevalence. In 2019, age-standardised hypertension prevalence was lowest in Canada and Peru for both men and women; in Taiwan, South Korea, Japan, and some countries in western Europe including Switzerland, Spain, and the UK for women; and in several low-income and middle-income countries such as Eritrea, Bangladesh, Ethiopia, and Solomon Islands for men. Hypertension prevalence surpassed 50% for women in two countries and men in nine countries, in central and eastern Europe, central Asia, Oceania, and Latin America. Globally, 59% (55–62) of women and 49% (46–52) of men with hypertension reported a previous diagnosis of hypertension in 2019, and 47% (43–51) of women and 38% (35–41) of men were treated. Control rates among people with hypertension in 2019 were 23% (20–27) for women and 18% (16–21) for men. In 2019, treatment and control rates were highest in South Korea, Canada, and Iceland (treatment >70%; control >50%), followed by the USA, Costa Rica, Germany, Portugal, and Taiwan. Treatment rates were less than 25% for women and less than 20% for men in Nepal, Indonesia, and some countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Control rates were below 10% for women and men in these countries and for men in some countries in north Africa, central and south Asia, and eastern Europe. Treatment and control rates have improved in most countries since 1990, but we found little change in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa and Oceania. Improvements were largest in high-income countries, central Europe, and some upper-middle-income and recently high-income countries including Costa Rica, Taiwan, Kazakhstan, South Africa, Brazil, Chile, Turkey, and Iran. Interpretation Improvements in the detection, treatment, and control of hypertension have varied substantially across countries, with some middle-income countries now outperforming most high-income nations. The dual approach of reducing hypertension prevalence through primary prevention and enhancing its treatment and control is achievable not only in high-income countries but also in low-income and middle-income settings

Un síndrome asociado a Fusarium oxysporum y a la salinidad del agua de riego que causa la muerte de plantas de tomate en Almería (Sureste de España)

A syndrome associated to Fusarium oxysporum and irrigation water salinity causing death of tomato plants in Almería (Southeaster Spain). A syndrome concerning tomato plants cv 'Marmande Raf'from "campo de Níjar" (Almería) was studied since 2002 to 2007. Involved plants showed these symptoms: early reversible wilt of the apex, followed by a general epinasty at all leaves level and no-reversible wilt. Leaves acquired intense chlorosis, until got dried. When plants were pulled up, roots didn't showed rot but rarely appeared located. The xylem was coloured in dark brown advancing in a long extension. Finally, plants died. A number of 1392 symptomatic plants from 17 different fields were analyzed. The analysis of the xylem resulted in Fusarium oxysporum isolation from more than 59% of the plants. Progress disease curves obtained from the fields resembled to F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici or F. oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici diseases. The syndrome reached up to 53.12% of plants per field. All 65 F. oxysporum xylem-isolates that were inoculated by two different techniques didn't express any symptom on susceptible plants, under test conditions. Irrigation water is highly saline in the area. Six wells were analysed to determine salts composition. Na+ concentrations varied between 51.48 and 205.96 meq-L-1, Cl between 14.53 and 108.53 meq-L-1, and EC between 0.55 and 10.1 dS-m-1 and RAS between 15.925 and 48.2041. Disease severity and water salinity from 6 wells showed a high correlation for EC (R² = 0.867), and CL- concentration (R²= 0.8943). Results suggest that water salinity can be implicated in the syndrome, but cannot explain the role of Fusarium oxysporum in the xylem and roots of diseased plants.Durante 2002 a 2007 se evaluaron plantas de tomate cv Marmande Raf en el campo de Níjar (Almería) que mostraban el siguiente síndrome: marchitez en verde que alcanzaba a todas las hojas. Clorosis intensa del follaje terminando por secarse. Raíces, salvo excepciones, sin podredumbres y cuando estas aparecían eran localizadas. El xilema se mostraba teñido, en su totalidad, de color marrón intenso. Las plantas terminaban por morir. El análisis del xilema de 1.392 plantas exteriorizó Fusarium oxysporum en más del 59%. Las curvas de la gravedad de síndrome evocaban a las de las micosis causadas por F. oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici o por F oxysporum f. sp. radicis-lycopersici. La presencia del síndrome en los 17 predios de cultivo evaluados alcanzó hasta el 53,12% de las plantas. Cuando se evaluó, la patogenicidad de 65 plantas aisladas de F oxysporum ninguna de ellas expresó síntomas. En la zona muestreada el agua de riego utilizada es altamente salina. Así, en 6 pozos estudiados las concentraciones de Na+ oscilaron entre 51,48 y 205,96 meq-L-1, las de Cl- entre 14,53 y 108,53 meq-L-1, y la CE entre 0,55 y 10,1 dS-m-1 y la Relación de Absorción de Sodio (SAR) entre 15,93 y 48,20. Las correlaciones calculadas para la gravedad del síndrome y la salinidad del agua de riego, en 6 invernaderos, oscilaron entre R²= 0,867 para la CE, y R²= 0,8943 para la concentración de Cl-. Los resultados sugieren que la salinidad del agua de riego pudo estar en la causalidad del síndrome observado, pero no explican el papel de Fusarium oxysporum en el xilema y en las raíces

New Algorithms Improving PML Risk Stratification in MS Patients Treated With Natalizumab

none60siOverview: We assessed the role of age and disease activity as new factors contributing to establish the risk of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab in 36 University Hospitals in Europe. We performed the study in 1,307 multiple sclerosis patients (70.8% anti-John Cunninghan virus positive antibodies) treated with natalizumab for a median time of 3.28 years. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory variables were collected. Lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal band status was available in 277 patients. Factors associated with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy onset were explored by uni- and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Thirty-five patients developed progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. The multivariate analysis identified anti-John Cunninghan virus antibody indices and relapse rate as the best predictors for the onset of this serious opportunistic infection in the whole cohort. They allowed to stratify progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy risk before natalizumab initiation in individual patients [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.85]. The risk ranged from <1/3,300 in patients with anti-John Cunninghan virus antibody indices <0.9 and relapse rate >0.5, to 1/50 in the opposite case. In patients with lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal bands assessment, age at natalizumab onset, anti-John Cunninghan virus antibody indices, and lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal band status predicted progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy risk (AUC = 0.92). The absence of lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal bands was the best individual predictor (OR = 40.94). The individual risk ranged from <1/10,000 in patients younger than 45 years at natalizumab initiation, who showed anti John Cunningham virus antibody indices <0.9 and lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal bands to 1/33 in the opposite case. Conclusions: In a perspective of personalized medicine, disease activity, anti-lipid specific IgM oligoclonal bands, anti Jonh Cunninghan virus antibody levels, and age can help tailor natalizumab therapy in multiple sclerosis patients, as predictors of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy.mixedToboso, Inmaculada; Tejeda-Velarde, Amalia; Alvarez-Lafuente, Roberto; Arroyo, Rafael; Hegen, Harald; Deisenhammer, Florian; Sainz de la Maza, Susana; Alvarez-Cermeño, José C; Izquierdo, Guillermo; Paramo, Dolores; Oliva, Pedro; Casanova, Bonaventura; Agüera-Morales, Eduardo; Franciotta, Diego; Gastaldi, Matteo; Fernández, Oscar; Urbaneja, Patricia; Garcia-Dominguez, José M; Romero, Fernando; Laroni, Alice; Uccelli, Antonio; Perez-Sempere, Angel; Saiz, Albert; Blanco, Yolanda; Galimberti, Daniela; Scarpini, Elio; Espejo, Carmen; Montalban, Xavier; Rasche, Ludwig; Paul, Friedemann; González, Inés; Álvarez, Elena; Ramo, Cristina; Caminero, Ana B; Aladro, Yolanda; Calles, Carmen; Eguía, Pablo; Belenguer-Benavides, Antonio; Ramió-Torrentà, Lluis; Quintana, Ester; Martínez-Rodríguez, José E; Oterino, Agustín; López de Silanes, Carlos; Casanova, Luis I; Landete, Lamberto; Frederiksen, Jette; Bsteh, Gabriel; Mulero, Patricia; Comabella, Manuel; Hernández, Miguel A; Espiño, Mercedes; Prieto, José M; Pérez, Domingo; Otano, María; Padilla, Francisco; García-Merino, Juan A; Navarro, Laura; Muriel, Alfonso; Frossard, Lucienne Costa; Villar, Luisa MToboso, Inmaculada; Tejeda-Velarde, Amalia; Alvarez-Lafuente, Roberto; Arroyo, Rafael; Hegen, Harald; Deisenhammer, Florian; Sainz de la Maza, Susana; Alvarez-Cermeño, José C; Izquierdo, Guillermo; Paramo, Dolores; Oliva, Pedro; Casanova, Bonaventura; Agüera-Morales, Eduardo; Franciotta, Diego; Gastaldi, Matteo; Fernández, Oscar; Urbaneja, Patricia; Garcia-Dominguez, José M; Romero, Fernando; Laroni, Alice; Uccelli, Antonio; Perez-Sempere, Angel; Saiz, Albert; Blanco, Yolanda; Galimberti, Daniela; Scarpini, Elio; Espejo, Carmen; Montalban, Xavier; Rasche, Ludwig; Paul, Friedemann; González, Inés; Álvarez, Elena; Ramo, Cristina; Caminero, Ana B; Aladro, Yolanda; Calles, Carmen; Eguía, Pablo; Belenguer-Benavides, Antonio; Ramió-Torrentà, Lluis; Quintana, Ester; Martínez-Rodríguez, José E; Oterino, Agustín; López de Silanes, Carlos; Casanova, Luis I; Landete, Lamberto; Frederiksen, Jette; Bsteh, Gabriel; Mulero, Patricia; Comabella, Manuel; Hernández, Miguel A; Espiño, Mercedes; Prieto, José M; Pérez, Domingo; Otano, María; Padilla, Francisco; García-Merino, Juan A; Navarro, Laura; Muriel, Alfonso; Frossard, Lucienne Costa; Villar, Luisa

New Algorithms Improving PML Risk Stratification in MS Patients Treated With Natalizumab

Overview: We assessed the role of age and disease activity as new factors contributing to establish the risk of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy in multiple sclerosis patients treated with natalizumab in 36 University Hospitals in Europe. We performed the study in 1,307 multiple sclerosis patients (70.8% anti-John Cunninghan virus positive antibodies) treated with natalizumab for a median time of 3.28 years. Epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory variables were collected. Lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal band status was available in 277 patients. Factors associated with progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy onset were explored by uni- and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Thirty-five patients developed progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy. The multivariate analysis identified anti-John Cunninghan virus antibody indices and relapse rate as the best predictors for the onset of this serious opportunistic infection in the whole cohort. They allowed to stratify progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy risk before natalizumab initiation in individual patients [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.85]. The risk ranged from 0.5, to 1/50 in the opposite case. In patients with lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal bands assessment, age at natalizumab onset, anti-John Cunninghan virus antibody indices, and lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal band status predicted progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy risk (AUC = 0.92). The absence of lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal bands was the best individual predictor (OR = 40.94). The individual risk ranged from <1/10,000 in patients younger than 45 years at natalizumab initiation, who showed anti John Cunningham virus antibody indices <0.9 and lipid-specific IgM oligoclonal bands to 1/33 in the opposite case. Conclusions: In a perspective of personalized medicine, disease activity, anti-lipid specific IgM oligoclonal bands, anti Jonh Cunninghan virus antibody levels, and age can help tailor natalizumab therapy in multiple sclerosis patients, as predictors of progressive multifocal leucoencephalopath

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

International audienceAbstract Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29–39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Global variation in diabetes diagnosis and prevalence based on fasting glucose and hemoglobin A1c

: Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) are both used to diagnose diabetes, but these measurements can identify different people as having diabetes. We used data from 117 population-based studies and quantified, in different world regions, the prevalence of diagnosed diabetes, and whether those who were previously undiagnosed and detected as having diabetes in survey screening, had elevated FPG, HbA1c or both. We developed prediction equations for estimating the probability that a person without previously diagnosed diabetes, and at a specific level of FPG, had elevated HbA1c, and vice versa. The age-standardized proportion of diabetes that was previously undiagnosed and detected in survey screening ranged from 30% in the high-income western region to 66% in south Asia. Among those with screen-detected diabetes with either test, the age-standardized proportion who had elevated levels of both FPG and HbA1c was 29-39% across regions; the remainder had discordant elevation of FPG or HbA1c. In most low- and middle-income regions, isolated elevated HbA1c was more common than isolated elevated FPG. In these regions, the use of FPG alone may delay diabetes diagnosis and underestimate diabetes prevalence. Our prediction equations help allocate finite resources for measuring HbA1c to reduce the global shortfall in diabetes diagnosis and surveillance

Measurement of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays at midrapidity in pp and Pb–Pb collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV

The differential invariant yield as a function of transverse momentum (pT) of electrons from semileptonic heavy-flavour hadron decays was measured at midrapidity in central (0–10%), semi-central (30–50%) and peripheral (60–80%) lead–lead (Pb–Pb) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV in the pT intervals 0.5–26 GeV/c (0–10% and 30–50%) and 0.5–10 GeV/c (60–80%). The production cross section in proton–proton (pp) collisions at √s = 5.02 TeV was measured as well in 0.5 < pT < 10 GeV/c and it lies close to the upper band of perturbative QCD calculation uncertainties up to pT = 5 GeV/c and close to the mean value for larger pT. The modification of the electron yield with respect to what is expected for an incoherent superposition of nucleon–nucleon collisions is evaluated by measuring the nuclear modification factor RAA. The measurement of the RAA in different centrality classes allows in-medium energy loss of charm and beauty quarks to be investigated. The RAA shows a suppression with respect to unity at intermediate pT, which increases while moving towards more central collisions. Moreover, the measured RAA is sensitive to the modification of the parton distribution functions (PDF) in nuclei, like nuclear shadowing, which causes a suppression of the heavy-quark production at low pT in heavy-ion collisions at LHC