Determination of poor outcome and therapeutic procedures in preterm newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage

Kod preterminske novorođenčadi, mnogi faktori povećavaju rizik od slabog neuronskog razvoja, intaraventrikularnih krvarenja, infekcije i dovode do veće stope mortaliteta. Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja, bila je evaluacija faktora rizika koji su povezani sa lošim ishodom kod preterminske novorođenčadi koji su imali posthemoragični hidrocefalus (PHH) i koji su bili podvrgnuti neurohirurškoj intervenciji. Sekundarni cilj je bio da se identifikuju prediktori za nastanak kasne neonatalne sepse. Metodologija. Retrospektivno su analizirana preterminska novorođenčad koji su podvrgnuti inserciji VP šanta ili Ommaya rezervoara, tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda u Univerzitetskoj dečjoj klinici. Prema prisustvu ili odsustvu kasne neonatalne sepse, pacijenti su podeljeni na grupu sa kasnom neonatalnom sepsom (KNS) i u grupu bez sepse ne-KNS. Rezultati. U studiju je uključeno ukupno 74 pacijenta, u KNS grupi (35 slučajeva, 47.3%) i ne-KNS grupi (39 slučajeva, 52.7%). Koristeći multivarijantnu logističku regresiju, identifikovali smo da je ductus atreriosus persistens (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.13-1.42, p < 0.000), bronhopulmonalna displazija (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.53, p = 0.003), i pneumotoraks (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.61, p < 0.001) nezavisni faktori rizika za letalan ishod, a da su srednja vrednost laktata>2 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21, p=0.002), reanimacija posle rođenja (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.36-1.92, p=0.000) i pol (OR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.04-1.47, p=0.015) nezavisni faktori rizika za razvoj KNS-a. Zaključak. Neurohirurški zahvati su relativno bezbedni kod novorođenčadi sa PHH bez KNS-a nakon rođenja. Međutim, ako je prisutna KNS, duktus arteriosus persistens, bronhoplumonalna displazija i pneumotoraks značajno povećavaju rizik za letalni ishod posle operacije. Srednja vrednost laktata>2, reanimacija posle rođenja i pol su nezavisni faktori rizika za razvoj KNS-a kod preterminske novorođenčadi.Preterm newborns, due to many factors are at increased risk for poor neural development, intraventricular hemorrhages, infections and higher rate of mortality. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with poor outcome in preterm neonates with late onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) who had posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and underwent neurosurgical procedures. Secondary outcome was to identify predictors for LONS. Methods. Preterm neonates who had undergone insertion of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt or Ommaya reservoir, during the 10-year period at University Children’s Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence or absence of late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS), patients were divided into LONS group and non-LONS group. Results. A total of 74 patients, were included in the study, in LONS group (35 cases, 47.3%) and non-LOS group (39 cases, 52.7%). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis we identified that the ductus arteriosus persistent (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.13-1.42, p < 0.000), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.53, p = 0.003), and pneumothorax (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.61, p < 0.001) were independent preoperative risk factors for lethal outcome, and the mean value of lactate >2 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04- 1.21, p=0.002), resuscitation after birth (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.36-1.92, p=0.000) and gender (OR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.04-1.47, p=0.015) are the independent risk factors for the development of LONS. Conclusion. Neurosurgical procedures are relatively safe in neonates with PHH without LONS after birth. However, if LONS is present, ductus arteriosus persistent, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pneumothorax markedly increase the risk for a lethal outcome after the operation. The mean value of lactate>2, resuscitation after birth and gender are independent risk factors for the development of LONS in preterm infants

Temperature Effects Explain Continental Scale Distribution of Cyanobacterial Toxins

Insight into how environmental change determines the production and distribution of cyanobacterial toxins is necessary for risk assessment. Management guidelines currently focus on hepatotoxins (microcystins). Increasing attention is given to other classes, such as neurotoxins (e.g., anatoxin-a) and cytotoxins (e.g., cylindrospermopsin) due to their potency. Most studies examine the relationship between individual toxin variants and environmental factors, such as nutrients, temperature and light. In summer 2015, we collected samples across Europe to investigate the effect of nutrient and temperature gradients on the variability of toxin production at a continental scale. Direct and indirect effects of temperature were the main drivers of the spatial distribution in the toxins produced by the cyanobacterial community, the toxin concentrations and toxin quota. Generalized linear models showed that a Toxin Diversity Index (TDI) increased with latitude, while it decreased with water stability. Increases in TDI were explained through a significant increase in toxin variants such as MC-YR, anatoxin and cylindrospermopsin, accompanied by a decreasing presence of MC-LR. While global warming continues, the direct and indirect effects of increased lake temperatures will drive changes in the distribution of cyanobacterial toxins in Europe, potentially promoting selection of a few highly toxic species or strains.Peer reviewe

Determination of poor outcome and therapeutic procedures in preterm newborns with intraventricular hemorrhage

Kod preterminske novorođenčadi, mnogi faktori povećavaju rizik od slabog neuronskog razvoja, intaraventrikularnih krvarenja, infekcije i dovode do veće stope mortaliteta. Primarni cilj ovog istraživanja, bila je evaluacija faktora rizika koji su povezani sa lošim ishodom kod preterminske novorođenčadi koji su imali posthemoragični hidrocefalus (PHH) i koji su bili podvrgnuti neurohirurškoj intervenciji. Sekundarni cilj je bio da se identifikuju prediktori za nastanak kasne neonatalne sepse. Metodologija. Retrospektivno su analizirana preterminska novorođenčad koji su podvrgnuti inserciji VP šanta ili Ommaya rezervoara, tokom desetogodišnjeg perioda u Univerzitetskoj dečjoj klinici. Prema prisustvu ili odsustvu kasne neonatalne sepse, pacijenti su podeljeni na grupu sa kasnom neonatalnom sepsom (KNS) i u grupu bez sepse ne-KNS. Rezultati. U studiju je uključeno ukupno 74 pacijenta, u KNS grupi (35 slučajeva, 47.3%) i ne-KNS grupi (39 slučajeva, 52.7%). Koristeći multivarijantnu logističku regresiju, identifikovali smo da je ductus atreriosus persistens (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.13-1.42, p < 0.000), bronhopulmonalna displazija (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.53, p = 0.003), i pneumotoraks (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.61, p < 0.001) nezavisni faktori rizika za letalan ishod, a da su srednja vrednost laktata>2 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04-1.21, p=0.002), reanimacija posle rođenja (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.36-1.92, p=0.000) i pol (OR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.04-1.47, p=0.015) nezavisni faktori rizika za razvoj KNS-a. Zaključak. Neurohirurški zahvati su relativno bezbedni kod novorođenčadi sa PHH bez KNS-a nakon rođenja. Međutim, ako je prisutna KNS, duktus arteriosus persistens, bronhoplumonalna displazija i pneumotoraks značajno povećavaju rizik za letalni ishod posle operacije. Srednja vrednost laktata>2, reanimacija posle rođenja i pol su nezavisni faktori rizika za razvoj KNS-a kod preterminske novorođenčadi.Preterm newborns, due to many factors are at increased risk for poor neural development, intraventricular hemorrhages, infections and higher rate of mortality. The primary outcome of this study was to evaluate the risk factors associated with poor outcome in preterm neonates with late onset neonatal sepsis (LONS) who had posthemorrhagic hydrocephalus (PHH) and underwent neurosurgical procedures. Secondary outcome was to identify predictors for LONS. Methods. Preterm neonates who had undergone insertion of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt or Ommaya reservoir, during the 10-year period at University Children’s Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. According to the presence or absence of late-onset neonatal sepsis (LONS), patients were divided into LONS group and non-LONS group. Results. A total of 74 patients, were included in the study, in LONS group (35 cases, 47.3%) and non-LOS group (39 cases, 52.7%). Using multivariable logistic regression analysis we identified that the ductus arteriosus persistent (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.13-1.42, p < 0.000), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.10-1.53, p = 0.003), and pneumothorax (OR 1.37, 95% CI 1.17-1.61, p < 0.001) were independent preoperative risk factors for lethal outcome, and the mean value of lactate >2 (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.04- 1.21, p=0.002), resuscitation after birth (OR 1.62, 95% CI 1.36-1.92, p=0.000) and gender (OR 1.24, 95% Cl 1.04-1.47, p=0.015) are the independent risk factors for the development of LONS. Conclusion. Neurosurgical procedures are relatively safe in neonates with PHH without LONS after birth. However, if LONS is present, ductus arteriosus persistent, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, and pneumothorax markedly increase the risk for a lethal outcome after the operation. The mean value of lactate>2, resuscitation after birth and gender are independent risk factors for the development of LONS in preterm infants

Effect of Al[2]O[3] particles modification on the thermal and mechanical properties of the acrylate based composites

Aluminijum oksid (Al2O3) je keramički materijal koji ima izuzetna mehanička, fizička i hemijska svojstva. Zbog svojih izuzetnih hemijskih svojstava, aluminijum oksid se koristi u kompozitima kao ojačanje i kao materijali za primenu u visokim temperaturama. U kompozitnim materijalima od posebnog interesa su različite strukture aluminijum oksida koje se mogu dobiti termičkom obradom. Cilj ovog rada bio je da se napravi kompozitni materijal sa matricom od PMMA itakonatnog kopolimera i da se ispitaju termička svojstva, u zavisnosti od dodavanja različitih punioca sa modifikacijom površine. Modul elastičnosti i čvrstoća PMMA se smanjuju dodavanjem itakonata u matricu. Čestice na bazi aluminijum oksida sa površinom modifikovanom sa organosilanom – 3-aminopropil-trimetoksilanom (AM) i u drugom stupnju sa metil estrima masnih kiselina lanenog ulja (biodizel-BD) korišćene su kao ojačanja. Čestice sa površinskom modifikacijom uspostavljaju bolju vezu sa polimernom matricom putem kovalentnih i vodoničnih veza i dipol-dipol interakcija. Efikasnim dispergovanjem čestica u matrici se postiže i poboljšan prenos opterećenja kroz matricu koji je praćem putem termovizijske kamere. Termogrami tokom testa na zatezanje ukazuju na razlike u temperaturama koje se javljaju u zoni loma kompozitnih materijala. Temperatura u zoni loma je u uskoj vezi sa efikasnošću prenosa opterećenja i temperaturne provodljivosti samog materijala. Mehanička svojstva materijala se poboljšavaju dodavanjem neorganskih čestica na bazi alminijum oksida sa aktiviranom površinom i na taj način stvoriti novi kompozitni materijal sa poboljšanjim mehaničkim i termičkim svojstava.Aluminum oxide (Al2O3) is a ceramic material that has exceptional mechanical, physical and chemical properties. Due to its extraordinary chemical properties, aluminum oxide is used in composites as reinforcement and as material in high temperature applications. In composite materials of particular interest are different structures of aluminum oxide, which can be obtained by thermal treatment. The aim of this article was to make a composite material with a matrix made from PMMA itaconate copolymer and to examine the thermal properties, depending on the addition of various fillers with surface modification. Modulus of elasticity and the strengths of PMMA are in decrease by adding the itaconate to the matrix. Aluminum oxide based particles were used as reinforcement with a modified organosilane-3-aminopropyl-trimethoxylane (AM) surface and in the second stage with fatty acid fatty acid methyl esters (biodiesel-BD). Surface modification particles establish a better bond with the polymer matrix through covalent and hydrogen bonds and dipol-dipole interactions. Efficient dispersion of particles in the matrix also improves the transmission of the load through the matrix, which is followed by a thermionic camera. Thermograms during tensile test indicate differences in temperatures occurring in the fracture zone of composite materials. The temperature in the fracture zone is closely related to the efficiency of the load transfer and the temperature conductivity of the material itself. The mechanical properties of the material are improved by adding inorganic particles based on the activated surface of aluminum oxide, thereby creating a new composite material with improved mechanical and thermal properties.7. Međunarodna konferencija o obnovljivim izvorima električne energije, Beograd, 17-18. oktobar 201

Erythrocyte SOD1 activity-role in bioavailability of NO and possible cause of 'duing back' phenomena in neurodegenerative diseases

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Erythrocyte SOD1 activity-role in bioavailability of NO and possible cause of 'duing back' phenomena in neurodegenerative diseases

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Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer

To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L-1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4 degrees C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature.Peer reviewe

Stratification strength and light climate explain variation in chlorophyll a at the continental scale in a European multilake survey in a heatwave summer

To determine the drivers of phytoplankton biomass, we collected standardized morphometric, physical, and biological data in 230 lakes across the Mediterranean, Continental, and Boreal climatic zones of the European continent. Multilinear regression models tested on this snapshot of mostly eutrophic lakes (median total phosphorus [TP] = 0.06 and total nitrogen [TN] = 0.7 mg L−1), and its subsets (2 depth types and 3 climatic zones), show that light climate and stratification strength were the most significant explanatory variables for chlorophyll a (Chl a) variance. TN was a significant predictor for phytoplankton biomass for shallow and continental lakes, while TP never appeared as an explanatory variable, suggesting that under high TP, light, which partially controls stratification strength, becomes limiting for phytoplankton development. Mediterranean lakes were the warmest yet most weakly stratified and had significantly less Chl a than Boreal lakes, where the temperature anomaly from the long-term average, during a summer heatwave was the highest (+4°C) and showed a significant, exponential relationship with stratification strength. This European survey represents a summer snapshot of phytoplankton biomass and its drivers, and lends support that light and stratification metrics, which are both affected by climate change, are better predictors for phytoplankton biomass in nutrient-rich lakes than nutrient concentrations and surface temperature