La influencia de la co-creación de valor en la lealtad del cliente, la intención de comportamiento y la satisfacción del cliente en los mercados emergentes.

One of the current major trends in the media industry is customer value co-creation. User participation can significantly affect news media organisations. This study examines the impact of value co-creation on the loyalty, satisfaction, and behavioural tendencies of media consumers, using a survey of users of My Fars news platform. The conceptual model of this study is developed and tested by using survey data from 283 users of the news campaign in Fars News and Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) is employed to simultaneously test the hypothesized relationships. The results show that user participation in value co-creation significantly affects their satisfaction, loyalty, and behavioural tendencies.Una de las principales tendencias actuales en la industria de los medios de comunicación es la cocreación de valor para el cliente. La participación de los usuarios puede afectar significativamente a las organizaciones de medios informativos. Este estudio examina el impacto de la co-creación de valor en la lealtad, la satisfacción y las tendencias de comportamiento de los consumidores de medios de comunicación, utilizando una encuesta de los usuarios de la plataforma de noticias My Fars. El modelo conceptual de este estudio se desarrolla y prueba mediante el uso de datos de encuestas de 283 usuarios de la campaña de noticias en Fars News y se emplea el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales (MES o SEM, por sus siglas en inglés) para probar simultáneamente las relaciones hipotetizadas. Los resultados muestran que la participación de los usuarios en la co-creación de valor afecta significativamente su satisfacción, lealtad y tendencias de comportamiento

Experimental validation of machine-learning based spectral-spatial power evolution shaping using Raman amplifiers

We experimentally validate a real-time machine learning framework, capable of controlling the pump power values of Raman amplifiers to shape the signal power evolution in two-dimensions (2D): frequency and fiber distance. In our setup, power values of four first-order counter-propagating pumps are optimized to achieve the desired 2D power profile. The pump power optimization framework includes a convolutional neural network (CNN) followed by differential evolution (DE) technique, applied online to the amplifier setup to automatically achieve the target 2D power profiles. The results on achievable 2D profiles show that the framework is able to guarantee very low maximum absolute error (MAE) (<0.5 dB) between the obtained and the target 2D profiles. Moreover, the framework is tested in a multi-objective design scenario where the goal is to achieve the 2D profiles with flat gain levels at the end of the span, jointly with minimum spectral excursion over the entire fiber length. In this case, the experimental results assert that for 2D profiles with the target flat gain levels, the DE obtains less than 1 dB maximum gain deviation, when the setup is not physically limited in the pump power values. The simulation results also prove that with enough pump power available, better gain deviation (less than 0.6 dB) for higher target gain levels is achievable

Optimization of Raman amplifiers: a comparison between black-, grey- and white-box modeling

Designing and optimizing optical amplifiers to maximize system performance is becoming increasingly important as optical communication systems strive to increase throughput. Offline optimization of optical amplifiers relies on models ranging from white-box models deeply rooted in physics to black-box data-driven physics-agnostic models. Here, we compare the capabilities of white-, grey- and black-box models to achieve a target frequency-distance amplification in a bidirectional Raman amplifier. We show that any of the studied methods can achieve down to 1 dB of frequency-distance flatness over the C-band in a 100-km span. Then, we discuss the models' applicability, advantages, and drawbacks based on the target application scenario, in particular in terms of optimization speed and access to training data

A comparative study on the effects of thiopental and ketamine, in patients under electroconvulsive therapy

چکیده: زمینه و هدف: دارو در بیهوشی مورد استفاده در تشنج درمانی الکتریکی (ECT) همراه با معایبی از جمله درد و تورم در محل تزریق، کوتاه بودن مدت تشنج، انقباض زودرس بطنی و برادیکاردی سینوسی هستند. مطالعه حاضر با هدف مقایسه کتامین با تیوپنتال سدیم از نظر طول مدت تشنج، تغییرات همودینامیکی و مدت زمان ریکاوری در بیماران تحت ECT انجام شد. روش بررسی: این کارآزمایی بالینی دوسویه کور در مرکز پزشکی نور اصفهان بر روی 16 بیمار کاندیدای ECT انجام شد. در یک جلسه ECT از داروی کتامین به میزان mg/kg 1 به همراه میدازولام (گروه K) و در جلسه دوم از داروی تیوپنتال سدیم به میزان mg/kg5/2 (گروه T) استفاده گردید (نیمی از بیماران در جلسه اول تیوپنتال و نیم دیگر کتامین دریافت کردند). طول مدت تشنج بر اساس مانیتورینگ الکتروانسفالوگرام (EEG)، فشارخون سیستولیک، دیاستولیک و تعداد ضربان نبض در دقیقه بیمار قبل از مداخله، بلافاصله و 3، 5،10 و 15 دقیقه بعد از ECT و همچنین فاصله زمانی بین انجام ECT و هوشیاری مجدد تعیین و ثبت گردید. داده ها با استفاده از آزمون های آماری t زوج، مک نمار، ویلکاکسون و آنالیز واریانس مشاهدات تکرار شده مورد تجزیه و تحلیل آماری قرار گرفت. یافته ها: میانگین سنی و وزنی بیماران به ترتیب 83/10±81/30 سال و 94/10±72/61 کیلوگرم بود .میانگین مدت زمان تشنج در گروه تیوپنتال سدیم 8/5±3/26 ثانیه و در گروه کتامین 4/6±4/32 ثانیه بود (001/0

The unfinished agenda of communicable diseases among children and adolescents before the COVID-19 pandemic, 1990-2019: a systematic analysis of the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019

BACKGROUND: Communicable disease control has long been a focus of global health policy. There have been substantial reductions in the burden and mortality of communicable diseases among children younger than 5 years, but we know less about this burden in older children and adolescents, and it is unclear whether current programmes and policies remain aligned with targets for intervention. This knowledge is especially important for policy and programmes in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. We aimed to use the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study 2019 to systematically characterise the burden of communicable diseases across childhood and adolescence. METHODS: In this systematic analysis of the GBD study from 1990 to 2019, all communicable diseases and their manifestations as modelled within GBD 2019 were included, categorised as 16 subgroups of common diseases or presentations. Data were reported for absolute count, prevalence, and incidence across measures of cause-specific mortality (deaths and years of life lost), disability (years lived with disability [YLDs]), and disease burden (disability-adjusted life-years [DALYs]) for children and adolescents aged 0-24 years. Data were reported across the Socio-demographic Index (SDI) and across time (1990-2019), and for 204 countries and territories. For HIV, we reported the mortality-to-incidence ratio (MIR) as a measure of health system performance. FINDINGS: In 2019, there were 3·0 million deaths and 30·0 million years of healthy life lost to disability (as measured by YLDs), corresponding to 288·4 million DALYs from communicable diseases among children and adolescents globally (57·3% of total communicable disease burden across all ages). Over time, there has been a shift in communicable disease burden from young children to older children and adolescents (largely driven by the considerable reductions in children younger than 5 years and slower progress elsewhere), although children younger than 5 years still accounted for most of the communicable disease burden in 2019. Disease burden and mortality were predominantly in low-SDI settings, with high and high-middle SDI settings also having an appreciable burden of communicable disease morbidity (4·0 million YLDs in 2019 alone). Three cause groups (enteric infections, lower-respiratory-tract infections, and malaria) accounted for 59·8% of the global communicable disease burden in children and adolescents, with tuberculosis and HIV both emerging as important causes during adolescence. HIV was the only cause for which disease burden increased over time, particularly in children and adolescents older than 5 years, and especially in females. Excess MIRs for HIV were observed for males aged 15-19 years in low-SDI settings. INTERPRETATION: Our analysis supports continued policy focus on enteric infections and lower-respiratory-tract infections, with orientation to children younger than 5 years in settings of low socioeconomic development. However, efforts should also be targeted to other conditions, particularly HIV, given its increased burden in older children and adolescents. Older children and adolescents also experience a large burden of communicable disease, further highlighting the need for efforts to extend beyond the first 5 years of life. Our analysis also identified substantial morbidity caused by communicable diseases affecting child and adolescent health across the world. FUNDING: The Australian National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence for Driving Investment in Global Adolescent Health and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic