Early hospital readmission : an indicator of hospital quality of care assessment

Introdução: A reinternação hospitalar precoce é um indicador de qualidade assistencial. Além de desconforto ao paciente, acarreta ônus ao sistema de saúde, fazendo-se necessária uma avaliação do perfil dos pacientes de maior risco. Objetivo: Definir o perfil dos pacientes com reinternação precoce em um hospital universitário. Metodologia: Seleção de todos pacientes clínicos, cirúrgicos e pediátricos que reinternaram em até 7 dias após alta hospitalar nos meses de janeiro a março de 2007. Resultados: Entre 5363 internações, 135 (3%) adultos e 71 (7%) crianças reinternaram em 7 dias. A maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com internação nos últimos 3 meses pelo mesmo diagnóstico. As especialidades com maior taxa de reinternação na população adulta foram medicina interna (9,7%), hematologia (9,1%), cardiologia (5,7%), emergência adulto (5,5%), gastroenterologia (5,2%) e cirurgia geral (2,2%). A maioria das internações adultas se deveu a doenças cardiovasculares (20), gastrintestinais (18), respiratórias (17), neoplásicas (17) e urinárias (13). As comorbidades mais comuns nos adultos foram hipertensão arterial (39%), diabetes (24%), tabagismo (18,5%), insuficiência renal (17%), cardiopatia isquêmica (16%), doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (16%) e insuficiência cardíaca (15%). As reinternação pediátricas foram predominantemente na população oncológica (42,4%). A média de comorbidades foi de 2,7 por paciente adulto. Do total das reinternações, 13% das crianças e 5 % dos adultos foram a óbito. Conclusão: Os dados apresentados permitem um melhor conhecimento do perfil de pacientes com reinternação precoce, sendo na sua maioria pacientes portadores de neoplasias e múltiplas comorbidades clínicas, devido ao perfil de pacientes crônicos atendidos na instituição.Background: Early hospital readmission is an indicator of hospital quality of care. It is important to assess readmission risk factors, as it imposes additional burden on patients, families and high cost to healthcare system. Objectives: To define the characteristics of patients with early readmission to a university hospital. Methods: Selection of all patients readmitted in 7 days after hospital discharge from January to March of 2007. Results: All 5363 patients admitted were assessed. 135 (3%) adults and 71 (7%) children were readmitted in 7 days. Most of them were males, with previous admission in the last 3 months with the same diagnosis. Specialities with most common readmission tax in adults were internal medicine (9.7%), hematology (9%), cardiology (5.7%), adult emergency (5.5%), gastroenterology (5%) and general surgery (2.2%). Main causes of adult readmissions were cardiovascular disease (20), gastrintestinal disease (18), respiratory disease (17), cancer (17) and urinary tract disease (13). Most common co-morbidities in adults were hypertension (39%), diabetes (24%), smoke (18.5%), renal failure (17%), ischemic heart disease (16%), chronic obstructive lung disease (16%) and heart failure (15%). Pediatric readmissions were mainly on oncology population (42.4%). Adults had co-morbidities rate of 2.7. Thirteen percent of children and 5 % of adults died during readmission. Conclusions: Patients characteristics may identify those at higher risk of early readmission. Most of them had multiple medical co-morbidities or had oncologic diagnosis. These findings reflect the chronic condition of patients admitted to our institution

Reinternação Hospitalar Precoce: Avaliação de um Indicador de Qualidade Assistencial

Background: Early hospital readmission is an indicator of hospital quality of care. It is important to assess readmission risk factors, as it imposes additional burden on patients, families and high cost to healthcare system. Objectives: To define the characteristics of patients with early readmission to a university hospital. Methods: Selection of all patients readmitted in 7 days after hospital discharge from January to March of 2007. Results: All 5363 patients admitted were assessed. 135 (3%) adults and 71 (7%) children were readmitted in 7 days. Most of them were males, with previous admission in the last 3 months with the same diagnosis. Specialities with most common readmission tax in adults were internal medicine (9.7%), hematology (9%), cardiology (5.7%), adult emergency (5.5%), gastroenterology (5%) and general surgery (2.2%). Main causes of adult readmissions were cardiovascular disease (20), gastrointestinal disease (18), respiratory disease (17), cancer (17) and urinary tract disease (13).  Most common co-morbidities in adults were hypertension (39%), diabetes (24%), smoke (18.5%), renal failure (17%), ischemic heart disease (16%), chronic obstructive lung disease (16%) and heart failure (15%). Pediatric readmissions were mainly on oncology population (42.4%). Adults had co-morbidities rate of 2.7. Thirteen percent of children and 5 % of adults died during readmission. Conclusions: Patients characteristics may identify those at higher risk of early readmission. Most of them had multiple medical co-morbidities or had oncologic diagnosis. These findings reflect the chronic condition of patients admitted to our institution.Introdução: A reinternação hospitalar precoce é um indicador de qualidade assistencial. Além de desconforto ao paciente, acarreta ônus ao sistema de saúde, fazendo-se necessária uma avaliação do perfil dos pacientes de maior risco. Objetivo: Definir o perfil dos pacientes com reinternação precoce em um hospital universitário. Metodologia: Seleção de todos pacientes clínicos, cirúrgicos e pediátricos que reinternaram em até 7 dias após alta hospitalar nos meses de janeiro a março de 2007. Resultados: Entre 5363 internações, 135 (3%) adultos e 71 (7%) crianças reinternaram em 7 dias. A maioria dos pacientes eram do sexo masculino, com internação nos últimos 3 meses pelo mesmo diagnóstico. As especialidades com maior taxa de reinternação na população adulta foram medicina interna (9,7%), hematologia (9,1%), cardiologia (5,7%), emergência adulto (5,5%), gastroenterologia (5,2%) e cirurgia geral (2,2%). A maioria das internações adultas se deveu a doenças cardiovasculares (20), gastrointestinais (18), respiratórias (17), neoplásicas (17) e urinárias (13). As comorbidades mais comuns nos adultos foram hipertensão arterial (39%), diabetes (24%), tabagismo (18,5%), insuficiência renal (17%), cardiopatia isquêmica (16%), doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (16%) e insuficiência cardíaca (15%). As reinternação pediátricas foram predominantemente na população oncológica (42,4%). A média de comorbidades foi de 2,7 por paciente adulto. Do total das reinternações, 13% das crianças e 5 % dos adultos foram a óbito. Conclusão: Os dados apresentados permitem um melhor conhecimento do perfil de pacientes com reinternação precoce, sendo na sua maioria pacientes portadores de neoplasias e múltiplas comorbidades clínicas, devido ao perfil de pacientes crônicos atendidos na instituição

The use of artificial intelligence for the prediction of productivity parameters in swine culture

In similar conditions of food handling and genetics, there are large differences in the final productivity of farms, resulting from inherent factors of the production system. This fact predisposes the need of studies on optimizing the rearing conditions of the farms, in order to verify the main limitations for the producers. Therefore, the present study aims to generate predictions of the swine productivity in the finishing phase, using variables related to their profiles and the production results achieved. 107 farmers belonging to a swine cooperative were considered in the study, located in 47 counties at the Taquari valley region, Brazil. Predictions were generated through the aid of neural networks, and the findings show that Artificial Neural Networks (ANN) can predict the productivity variables Feed Conversion, Mortality and Average Daily Gain for the proposed case

Reciprocity: A Major Paradigm Shift

It is not news to the youth-serving community that something new is afoot regarding how we think about and work with youth. Well known is the stir on the national level: President Bush\u27s YES initiative; numerous pieces of congressional legislation whose proposals range from school-based programs through conservation and urban corps to mandated national service. Locally, projects of various sorts are springing up in schools, youth-serving agencies and in other organizations whose functions impinge on youth. Not so well known-or fully understood-is a key notion that could well be lost amid the legitimate clamor and enthusiasm for the concept, namely, that youth service is not simply a program. It is infinitely more powerful, for it is also a perspective. And its implications are dual: first, that we view youth in a new and fresh way, as a potential resource and not just as a tangle of pathology to be sorted out; and second, that all agencies which work with youth can become involved. Additional resources are helpful but not in all cases are they necessary. Most agencies working with young people can shift policy and practice to embrace a youth-as-resources dimension. Thus, it is both a program and a perspective

Emergence of a new race of leaf rust with combined virulence to Lr14a and Lr72 genes on durum wheat

Leaf rust is a foliar disease caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina that may severely reduce durum wheat yield. Resistance to this pathogen is common in modern durum germplasm but is frequently based on Lr72 and Lr14a. After accounts of races with virulence to Lr14a gene in France in 2000, the present study reports the detection in 2013 for the first time of a new race with virulence to Lr14a and Lr72. The aim of this work was to characterize the virulence pattern of four Spanish isolates with virulence to Lr14a, and to discuss the consequences of this presence. Rusted leaves from cultivars ‘Don Jaime’ (Lr14a) and ‘Gallareta’ (Lr72) were collected in 2013 in the field at two Spanish sites, one in the south (near Cadiz) and another in the north (near Girona). Spores from single pustule for each cultivar and site were multiplied on susceptible cultivar ‘Don Rafael’. Then, the four isolates were inoculated on a set of 19 isogenic lines Thatcher to characterize their virulence spectrum. All isolates presented the same virulence pattern. They were virulent on both Lr14a and Lr72 and the race was named DBB/BS. This race was very similar to those reported in 2009-11, but with added virulence to Lr14a. The resistance based on Lr14a has therefore been overcome in Spain, by a new race that has likely emerged via stepwise mutation from the local predominating races. This information is important to guide breeders in their breeding programmes and gene deployment strategies

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London