Design of an AS/RS machine for storage and extraction of items in a warehouse using Finite Element Analysis (FEA)

The globalization of markets and high competitiveness impose new challenges every day on companies that develop their activities in the field of logistics, e-commerce, service, and product distribution. The implementation of automated systems becomes relevant when the objective is to increase productivity, efficiency and reduce costs associated with handling, picking and overhead. The AS / RS systems (i.e., Automated Storage and Retrieval System) are automated machines able to move in the 3 coordinate axes (x, y, z), which are responsible for arranging the items in large warehouses generating a decrease in time delivery and storage. The aim of the article is to show the design of a prototype of an AS / RS (CAD) machine based on Finite Element Analysis (FEA) to verify the behavior before static loads according to Von Misses criteria and to guarantee the appropriate administration, storage, and extraction of each item in the warehouse, respectively. Also, it shows the use of the selection matrix that facilitates the interaction with the articles and execute the primary functions according to customer requirements. The result of this research shows the advantages and disadvantages of the implementation of these systems for companies that manage high volumes of storage, limited physical space and that require an appropriate management of the elements through the help of an easy-to-implement human-machine interface (HMI) that has control over open loop

Implementation of a cooling system to develop experimental fatigue tests below zero grades Celsius: Implementación de un sistema de enfriamiento para desarrollar pruebas de fatiga por debajo de cero grados Celsius

Temperature is one of the matter properties with the greatest influence on the materials behavior existing in nature and those man designed. This physical magnitude allows to demonstrate and define behaviors and materials characteristics in the industry in general. Its influence is present in all the places where the materials fulfill functions, however, in some applications its influence is very little, which allows to disregard its effects. In the steels case (one of the most used materials at the industrial level today), the temperature variation produces dilation or contraction, depending on the temperature magnitude and its variation that affects them. Temperature increases generate an expansion phenomenon in the materials, which under load will reach a point where they present thermal fatigue failure. The opposite is that of temperature drops, where the phenomenon that occurs is contraction, often leading to the loss of adjustments and interference that compromise the equipment functionality and integrity. The fatigue failure mentioned is presented as a result of the stresses and deformations present in both cases. It is desired to condition a rotational flex fatigue test equipment with a cooling system to bring the sample material to temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, in order to check how low temperatures, affect the resistance of steel to fatigue. For this, a cooling system was designed and the fatigue equipment was adapted to reduce heat transfer. After carrying out this implementation and determining that the sizes of the devices were suitable for the proposed purposes, the initial temperature tests were carried out and, once this part was achieved, three repetitions of a rotary fatigue test were performed that demonstrated that the equipment can operate normally.La temperatura es una de las propiedades de la materia con mayor influencia en el comportamiento de los materiales existentes en la naturaleza y aquellos diseñados por el hombre. Esta magnitud física permite demostrar y definir comportamientos y características de los materiales en la industria en general. Su influencia está presente en todos los lugares donde los materiales cumplen funciones, sin embargo, en algunas aplicaciones su influencia es muy pequeña, lo que permite ignorar sus efectos. En el caso de los aceros (uno de los materiales más utilizados a nivel industrial en la actualidad), la variación de temperatura produce dilatación o contracción, dependiendo de la magnitud de la temperatura y la variación que los afecta. Los aumentos de temperatura generan un fenómeno de expansión en los materiales, que bajo carga alcanzarán un punto donde presentan fallas por fatiga térmica. Lo opuesto es el de las caídas de temperatura, donde el fenómeno que ocurre es la contracción, que a menudo conduce a la pérdida de ajustes e interferencias que comprometen la funcionalidad e integridad del equipo. La falla por fatiga mencionada se presenta como resultado de las tensiones y deformaciones presentes en ambos casos. Se desea acondicionar un equipo de ensayo de fatiga por flexión rotativa con un sistema de enfriamiento para llevar el material de la muestra a temperaturas inferiores a cero grados Celsius, a fin de verificar cómo las bajas temperaturas afectan la resistencia del acero a fatiga. Para esto, se diseñó un sistema de enfriamiento y el equipo de fatiga se adaptó para reducir la transferencia de calor. Después de llevar a cabo esta implementación y determinar que los tamaños de los dispositivos eran adecuados para los propósitos propuestos, se realizaron las pruebas de temperatura iniciales y, una vez que se logró esta parte, se realizaron tres repeticiones de una prueba de fatiga rotativa que demostraron que el equipo puede operar normalmente

Implementation of a cooling system to develop experimental fatigue tests below zero grades Celsius: Implementación de un sistema de enfriamiento para desarrollar pruebas de fatiga por debajo de cero grados Celsius

Temperature is one of the matter properties with the greatest influence on the materials behavior existing in nature and those man designed. This physical magnitude allows to demonstrate and define behaviors and materials characteristics in the industry in general. Its influence is present in all the places where the materials fulfill functions, however, in some applications its influence is very little, which allows to disregard its effects. In the steels case (one of the most used materials at the industrial level today), the temperature variation produces dilation or contraction, depending on the temperature magnitude and its variation that affects them. Temperature increases generate an expansion phenomenon in the materials, which under load will reach a point where they present thermal fatigue failure. The opposite is that of temperature drops, where the phenomenon that occurs is contraction, often leading to the loss of adjustments and interference that compromise the equipment functionality and integrity. The fatigue failure mentioned is presented as a result of the stresses and deformations present in both cases. It is desired to condition a rotational flex fatigue test equipment with a cooling system to bring the sample material to temperatures below zero degrees Celsius, in order to check how low temperatures, affect the resistance of steel to fatigue. For this, a cooling system was designed and the fatigue equipment was adapted to reduce heat transfer. After carrying out this implementation and determining that the sizes of the devices were suitable for the proposed purposes, the initial temperature tests were carried out and, once this part was achieved, three repetitions of a rotary fatigue test were performed that demonstrated that the equipment can operate normally.La temperatura es una de las propiedades de la materia con mayor influencia en el comportamiento de los materiales existentes en la naturaleza y aquellos diseñados por el hombre. Esta magnitud física permite demostrar y definir comportamientos y características de los materiales en la industria en general. Su influencia está presente en todos los lugares donde los materiales cumplen funciones, sin embargo, en algunas aplicaciones su influencia es muy pequeña, lo que permite ignorar sus efectos. En el caso de los aceros (uno de los materiales más utilizados a nivel industrial en la actualidad), la variación de temperatura produce dilatación o contracción, dependiendo de la magnitud de la temperatura y la variación que los afecta. Los aumentos de temperatura generan un fenómeno de expansión en los materiales, que bajo carga alcanzarán un punto donde presentan fallas por fatiga térmica. Lo opuesto es el de las caídas de temperatura, donde el fenómeno que ocurre es la contracción, que a menudo conduce a la pérdida de ajustes e interferencias que comprometen la funcionalidad e integridad del equipo. La falla por fatiga mencionada se presenta como resultado de las tensiones y deformaciones presentes en ambos casos. Se desea acondicionar un equipo de ensayo de fatiga por flexión rotativa con un sistema de enfriamiento para llevar el material de la muestra a temperaturas inferiores a cero grados Celsius, a fin de verificar cómo las bajas temperaturas afectan la resistencia del acero a fatiga. Para esto, se diseñó un sistema de enfriamiento y el equipo de fatiga se adaptó para reducir la transferencia de calor. Después de llevar a cabo esta implementación y determinar que los tamaños de los dispositivos eran adecuados para los propósitos propuestos, se realizaron las pruebas de temperatura iniciales y, una vez que se logró esta parte, se realizaron tres repeticiones de una prueba de fatiga rotativa que demostraron que el equipo puede operar normalmente

Descripción de los procesos industriales energéticamente críticos en la producción de cacao en Santander

The objective of this research is to describe the energetically critical processes in cocoa production in Santander due to the growth of industrial activities that have generated a higher energy consumption. Additionally, a descriptive methodology with a quantitative approach was proposed through the data analysis technique that seeks to identify the processes with the highest consumption within the production lines. Subsequently, a description of the processes involved in cocoa production was made considering the technical data and operation of the equipment, the calculation was proposed for the operation of the same equipment for 24 hours and 30 days for power factors of 0.75 and 0.95.  Finally, through analysis, calculations, and the application of the Pareto methodology, it was found that the energy potential with the highest consumption of active, reactive, and apparent energy is in the cocoa refining process. Esta investigación tiene como objetivo describir los procesos energéticamente críticos en la producción de cacao en Santander a causa del crecimiento de las actividades industriales que ha generado un mayor consumo de energía. Adicionalmente, se planteó una metodología descriptiva con enfoque cuantitativo mediante la técnica de análisis de datos que busca identificar los procesos con mayor consumo dentro de las líneas de producción. Posteriormente, se realizó la descripción de los procesos involucrados en la producción de cacao teniendo en cuenta los datos técnicos y funcionamiento de los equipos, el cálculo se planteó para el funcionamiento de estos equipos durante 24 horas y 30 días para factores de potencia de 0.75 y 0.95. Finalmente, mediante el análisis, la realización de cálculos y la aplicación de la metodología de Pareto se encontró que el potencial energético de mayor consumo de energía activa, reactiva y aparente se localiza en el proceso de Refinado de cacao

Prototipo de colector solar lineal Fresnel: Sistema artesanal para la producción de agua caliente y/o vapor de agua

The development of a prototype linear solar collector Type Fresnel, has a purpose the use of direct solar heat radiation for water heating and/or steam production, as an alternative to supply conventional water heating systems or steam generators, which consume energy from fossil fuels. For the development of the system, used the solar radiation of the UTS, located in Bucaramanga, Colombia, is identify the mathematical models to perform the sizing, then materials based on technical specifications and availability in Colombia, in order to perform the assembly and field tests, measuring the ambient and in the collector temperature to determine the efficiency of the model. It should be noted that, the model presented does not have a control system for flow, temperature, pressure and level, it has no solar tracking of any kind; Its movement was done manually with each reflex. Finally, the model does not have a hydraulic system forced, and has a preheater at the entry of the concentration point.El desarrollo de un prototipo de colector solar lineal Tipo Fresnel tiene como finalidad el aprovechamiento de la radiación solar directa en calor para el calentamiento de agua y/o la producción de vapor, como alternativa para suplir los sistemas de calentamiento de agua o generadores de vapor convencionales, que consumen energía proveniente de combustibles fósiles. Para el desarrollo del sistema, se utiliza la radiación solar de las UTS, ubicada en Bucaramanga, Colombia, se identifican los modelos matemáticos para realizar el dimensionamiento, posteriormente se seleccionan materiales basados en especificaciones técnicas y disponibilidad en Colombia, con el fin de realizar el montaje y realizar pruebas en campo, midiendo la temperatura ambiente y en el colector para determinar la eficiencia del modelo.   Cabe resaltar, que el modelo presentado no cuenta con sistema de control de flujo, temperatura, presión y nivel, no tiene seguimiento solar de ningún tipo; el movimiento del mismo se realizó manualmente con cada reflecto. Por último, el modelo no cuenta con sistema hidráulico de tiro forzado, y tiene un precalentador a la entrada del punto de concentración

Artificial extension for a canine with partial forelimb amputation

When a canine presents a serious case of disease, injury or necrosis, it is imperative to perform an amputation procedure, whatever the affected limb is, since it can minimize the risk of developing pathologies related to tissues, joints and spine, associated with an altered gait and/or unequal distribution of forces in their limbs. Thus, improvement alternatives arise such as prostheses which help to improve the quality of life of canines. The article proposes the development of a functional prototype of prosthesis for canines with partial forelimb amputation through the design and 3D modeling of the prosthesis, together with the selection of the material that adapts to the morphological conditions of the canine. Also, a cushioning system is incorporated to minimize the force of the impact with the ground when performing activities such as jumping, running or walking. Finally, the electronic component is included in the design and the respective electronic and biomechanical tests are carried out to verify its correct operation

Development of a monitoring system for COVID-19 monitoring in early stages

Covid-19 is considered the most infectious virus today. Likewise, the struggle to mitigate the effects of the variants, the flexibility in some measures such as the use of face masks, the advancement of vaccination and prevention and self-care campaigns continue to be topics of research and of global interest. The world health authorities published that the disease was characterized by presenting the same symptoms as the flu along with a complex picture where in the most serious cases they lead to difficulty breathing due to pneumonia, sepsis and septic shock that can lead to death. Some systems implemented for taking body temperature such as thermographic cameras, digital thermometers, for the description of symptoms in the people they analyze at the time of carrying out the epidemiological fences are not enough, since they handle low precision, are taken in isolation, individually or randomly and is not suitable for characterizing interest groups. Then, establishing risk levels by measuring non-invasive variables can be considered inputs into prevention campaigns and a low-cost way of monitoring the community. This article shows the design of a non-invasive embedded device for the measurement of 5 priority variables for the detection of the risk of covid-19 infection. The proposed device was duly calibrated and synchronized for the acquisition of data from 594 people in the city of Bucaramanga, Colombia, who authorize the monitoring of the symptoms. The people must be in a state of rest to be able to acquire the data with great accuracy, in this way the data is entered into the system in charge of doing the monitoring analysis. Additionally, the implementation of an interface that allows the visualization of results, laying the foundations for the development of automatic learning techniques or models for the risk classification in future work

Impacts of the Tropical Pacific/Indian Oceans on the Seasonal Cycle of the West African Monsoon

The current consensus is that drought has developed in the Sahel during the second half of the twentieth century as a result of remote effects of oceanic anomalies amplified by local land–atmosphere interactions. This paper focuses on the impacts of oceanic anomalies upon West African climate and specifically aims to identify those from SST anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Oceans during spring and summer seasons, when they were significant. Idealized sensitivity experiments are performed with four atmospheric general circulation models (AGCMs). The prescribed SST patterns used in the AGCMs are based on the leading mode of covariability between SST anomalies over the Pacific/Indian Oceans and summer rainfall over West Africa. The results show that such oceanic anomalies in the Pacific/Indian Ocean lead to a northward shift of an anomalous dry belt from the Gulf of Guinea to the Sahel as the season advances. In the Sahel, the magnitude of rainfall anomalies is comparable to that obtained by other authors using SST anomalies confined to the proximity of the Atlantic Ocean. The mechanism connecting the Pacific/Indian SST anomalies with West African rainfall has a strong seasonal cycle. In spring (May and June), anomalous subsidence develops over both the Maritime Continent and the equatorial Atlantic in response to the enhanced equatorial heating. Precipitation increases over continental West Africa in association with stronger zonal convergence of moisture. In addition, precipitation decreases over the Gulf of Guinea. During the monsoon peak (July and August), the SST anomalies move westward over the equatorial Pacific and the two regions where subsidence occurred earlier in the seasons merge over West Africa. The monsoon weakens and rainfall decreases over the Sahel, especially in August.Peer reviewe

Search for heavy resonances decaying to two Higgs bosons in final states containing four b quarks

A search is presented for narrow heavy resonances X decaying into pairs of Higgs bosons (H) in proton-proton collisions collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC at root s = 8 TeV. The data correspond to an integrated luminosity of 19.7 fb(-1). The search considers HH resonances with masses between 1 and 3 TeV, having final states of two b quark pairs. Each Higgs boson is produced with large momentum, and the hadronization products of the pair of b quarks can usually be reconstructed as single large jets. The background from multijet and t (t) over bar events is significantly reduced by applying requirements related to the flavor of the jet, its mass, and its substructure. The signal would be identified as a peak on top of the dijet invariant mass spectrum of the remaining background events. No evidence is observed for such a signal. Upper limits obtained at 95 confidence level for the product of the production cross section and branching fraction sigma(gg -> X) B(X -> HH -> b (b) over barb (b) over bar) range from 10 to 1.5 fb for the mass of X from 1.15 to 2.0 TeV, significantly extending previous searches. For a warped extra dimension theory with amass scale Lambda(R) = 1 TeV, the data exclude radion scalar masses between 1.15 and 1.55 TeV