Efeito da N-acetilcisteína na lesão hepática por isquemia e reperfusão após 30% de hepatectomia em camundongos

PURPOSE: Evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine in liver remnant after hepatectomy associated to ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice. METHODS: Male adult BALB/c mice, weighing 20-22g were used. Animals were anesthetized with ketamine (70 mg/kg) and xylazine (10 mg/kg); received N-acetylcysteine (150 mg/kg, H-IR-NAC group) or vehicle (H-IR group). Surgical procedures were performed under 10X magnification. Partial hepatectomy (30%) was followed by ischemia-reperfusion injury (30 minutes of ischemia and 60 minutes of reperfusion). Blood sample and liver tissue were removed before animal was euthanized. AST and ALT were evaluated in blood samples and histomorphological analyses were performed in remnant liver. Groups were compared by Mann-Whitney test, and it was considered significant when p<0.05. RESULTS: Biochemical evaluations showed reduced levels of ALT in NAC group (H-IR-NAC=376±127U/l vs H-IR=636±39U/l, p=0.023). AST was similar (p=0.456). H-IR group showed hepatic tissue with preserved architecture, large area of steatosis, vascular congestion and rare mitogenic activity. NAC group showed hepatic tissue with small area of steatosis, vascular congestion and elevated mitogenic activity, evidenced by increased binuclear cells (H-IR-NAC=15.88±0.52 vs H-IR=7.4±0.37, p<0.001). CONCLUSION: N-acetylcysteine promotes enzymatic and morphological protection against hepatectomy and ischemia-reperfusion injury.OBJETIVO: Investigar se a N-acetilcisteína promove proteção do remanescente hepático após ressecção associada à isquemia e reperfusão do fígado em camundongos. MÉTODOS: Foram utilizados 12 camundongos BALB/c, machos, pesando entre 20-22g. Os animais foram anestesiados com quetamina (70mg/kg) e xilazina (10mg/kg); receberam a N-acetilcisteína (150mg/kg, grupo H-IR-NAC) ou controle (grupo H-IR). Os procedimentos cirúrgicos ocorreram na magnificação de 10X. A lesão por isquemia e reperfusão (30 minutos de isquemia e 60 minutos de reperfusão) foi precedida pela hepatectomia de 30%. Foram utilizados como parâmetro de avaliação: a bioquímica sangüínea (AST e ALT) e a histologia do fígado (coloração de hematoxilina-eosina). Para avaliação estatística empregou-se o teste de Mann-Whitney e o nível de significância foi 5%. RESULTADOS: Na avaliação bioquímica houve redução no nível de ALT no grupo tratado (H-IR-NAC=376±127 U/l vs H-IR=636±39 U/l, p=0,023). AST foi similar (p=0,456). Na histologia, o grupo H-IR apresentou um tecido hepático com arquitetura preservada, com grandes áreas de infiltração gordurosa, presença de congestão vascular e de alguma atividade mitótica; o grupo com a N-acetilcisteína apresentou menor infiltração gordurosa e congestão vascular, maior atividade mitótica, evidenciada pela quantidade elevada de células binucleadas (H-IR-NAC=15,88±0,52 vs H-IR=7,4±0,37, p<0,001). CONCLUSÃO: A N-acetilcisteína promove proteção ao fígado, do ponto de vista morfológico e enzimático, após hepatectomia associada à isquemia e reperfusão.UNIFESP Division of Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Department of SurgeryUniversidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Department of SurgeryUNIFESP Division of Histology Department of MorphologySão Paulo University Faculty of Medicine Surgical PhysiopathologyUNIFESP, Division of Operative Technique and Experimental Surgery Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, Department of SurgeryUNIFESP, Division of Histology Department of MorphologySciEL

Highly Photocatalytic Titanium Oxide/Carbon Nitride Heterojunctions Obtained via Dual Asymmetric Centrifugation

In this work dual asymmetric centrifugation technique was applied to obtain new TiO2/carbon nitride heterojunctions (TiO2/g-C3N4) with high photocatalytic performance. Materials were obtained from TiO2 and g-C3N4, with an optimal mass ratio of 1.0:0.1 for achieving the highest photocatalytic activity in dyes degradation. The TiO2/g-C3N4 (1.0/0.1) photocatalyst was characterized via X-ray diffraction, confirming the crystalline phases and chemical composition of the material. UV–VIS spectroscopy data showed an increase in the visible light absorption, indicating an effective interaction between the heterojunction components. XPS data showed the formation of Ti3+ ions and oxygen vacancies, boosting the photocatalytic process. The TiO2/g-C3N4 (1.0/0.1) showed the highest photocatalytic performance degrading 99.9 % of rhodamine B and 99.6 % of methylene blue in 60 min under LED light irradiation. Radicals trapping experiments indicated O2–● radicals as the major photoactive species, through a Z-scheme type mechanism. The product of RhB photodegradation did not show toxicity to Artemia fransciscana larvae

Hemodynamic effects of local anesthetics intoxication. Experimental study in swine with levobupivacaine and bupivacaine

Purpose: To compare the hemodynamic repercussions following a toxic dose of levobupivacaine and bupivacaine intravascularly injected in swines. Methods: Large White pigs were anesthetized with thiopental, tracheal intubation was performed and mechanical ventilation was instituted. Hemodynamic variables were recorded with invasive pressure monitoring and pulmonary artery catheterization (Swan-Ganz catheter). After a 30-minute resting period, the animals were randomly divided into two groups in a double-blinded fashion and received a bolus injection of 4 mg/kg of either agent for intoxication. Hemodynamic results were then evaluated at 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 minutes. Results: Levobupivacaine had greater hemodynamic repercussions than racemic bupivacaine. These results disagree with those found when the levorotatory isomer of bupivacaine was used in humans, but are in agreement with recently reported findings in animals. Conclusion: Levobupivacaine was shown to be more toxic in pigs than racemic bupivacaine when large doses are injected intravenously.231556

Association between polymorphism in IgG Fc receptor IIIa coding gene and biological response to infliximab in Crohn's disease

AIM: To test the hypothesis of an association between polymorphism in FCGR3A (the gene coding for FcgammaRIIIa, which is expressed on macrophages and natural killer cells, is involved in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity and has recently been associated with a positive response to rituximab, a recombinant immunoglobulin G1 antibody used in non-Hodgkin's lymphomas) and response to infliximab in Crohn's disease. METHODS: FCGR3A-158 polymorphism was determined using an allele-specific polymerase chain reaction assay in 200 Crohn's disease patients who had received infliximab for either refractory luminal (n = 142) or fistulizing (n = 58) Crohn's disease. Clinical and biological responses (according to C-reactive protein levels) were assessed in 200 and 145 patients, respectively. RESULTS: There were 82.9% clinical responders in V/V patients vs. 72.7% in V/F and F/F patients (N.S.). Globally, the decrease in C-reactive protein was significantly higher in V/V patients than in F carriers (P = 0.0078). A biological response was observed in 100% of V/V patients, compared with 69.8% of F carriers (P = 0.0002; relative risk, 1.43; 95% confidence interval, 1.27-1.61). In the sub-group of patients with elevated C-reactive protein before treatment, the multivariate analysis selected the use of immunosuppressive drugs and FCGR3A genotype as independent factors influencing the clinical response to infliximab (P = 0.003). CONCLUSION: Crohn's disease patients with FCGR3A-158 V/V genotype have a better biological and, possibly, clinical response to infliximab

The Effect of Transposable Element Insertions on Gene Expression Evolution in Rodents

Background:Many genomes contain a substantial number of transposable elements (TEs), a few of which are known to be involved in regulating gene expression. However, recent observations suggest that TEs may have played a very important role in the evolution of gene expression because many conserved non-genic sequences, some of which are know to be involved in gene regulation, resemble TEs. Results:Here we investigate whether new TE insertions affect gene expression profiles by testing whether gene expression divergence between mouse and rat is correlated to the numbers of new transposable elements inserted near genes. We show that expression divergence is significantly correlated to the number of new LTR and SINE elements, but not to the numbers of LINEs. We also show that expression divergence is not significantly correlated to the numbers of ancestral TEs in most cases, which suggests that the correlations between expression divergence and the numbers of new TEs are causal in nature. We quantify the effect and estimate that TE insertion has accounted for ~20% (95% confidence interval: 12% to 26%) of all expression profile divergence in rodents. Conclusions:We conclude that TE insertions may have had a major impact on the evolution of gene expression levels in rodents

Інноваційні педагогічні технології в лінгводидактиці вищої школи

Мета статті – описати інноваційні технології, які дають можливості викладачам успішніше керувати навчально-пізнавальною діяльністю студентів у процесі лінгводидактичної підготовки майбутніх вчителів української мови

Burden of disease and circulating serotypes of rotavirus infection in sub-Saharan Africa: systematic review and meta-analysis.

Two new rotavirus vaccines have recently been licensed in many countries. However, their efficacy has only been shown against certain serotypes commonly circulating in Europe, North America, and Latin America, but thought to be globally important. To assess the potential impact of these vaccines in sub-Saharan Africa, where rotavirus mortality is high, knowledge of prevalent types is essential because an effective rotavirus vaccine is needed to protect against prevailing serotypes in the community. We did two systematic reviews and two meta-analyses of the most recent published data on the burden of rotavirus disease in children aged under 5 years and rotavirus serotypes circulating in countries in sub-Saharan Africa. Eligible studies were selected from PubMed/Medline, Cochrane Library, EmBase, LILACS, Academic Search Premier, Biological Abstracts, ISI Web of Science, and the African Index Medicus. Depending on the heterogeneity, DerSimonian-Laird random-effects or fixed-effects models were used for meta-analyses. Geographical variability in rotavirus burden within countries in sub-Saharan Africa is substantial, and most countries lack information on rotavirus epidemiology. We estimated that annual mortality for this region was 243.3 (95% CI 187.6-301.7) deaths per 100,000 under 5 years (ie, a total of 300,000 children die of rotavirus infection in this region each year). The most common G type detected was G1 (34.9%), followed by G2 (9.1%), and G3 (8.6%). The most common P types detected were P[8] (35.5%) and P[6] (27.5%). Accurate information should be collected from surveillance based on standardised methods in these countries to obtain comparable data on the burden of disease and the circulating strains to assess the potential impact of vaccine introduction

Quantum liquid-crystal order in resonant atomic gases

I review recent studies that predict quantum liquid-crystalline orders in resonant atomic gases. As examples of such putative systems I will discuss an s-wave resonant imbalanced Fermi gas and a p-wave resonant Bose gas. In the former, the liquid-crystalline smectic, nematic and rich variety of other descendant states emerge from strongly quantum- and thermally- fluctuating Fulde-Ferrell and Larkin-Ovchinnikov states, driven by a competition between resonant pairing and Fermi-surface mismatch. In the latter, at intermediate detuning the p-wave resonant interaction generically drives Bose-condensation at a finite momentum, set by a competition between atomic kinetic energy and atom-molecule hybridization. Because of the underlying rotationally-invariant environment of the atomic gas trapped isotropically, the putative striped superfluid is a realization of a quantum superfluid smectic, that can melt into a variety of interesting phases, such as a quantum nematic. I will discuss the corresponding rich phase diagrams and transitions, as well the low-energy properties of the phases and fractional topological defects generic to striped superfluids and their fluctuation-driven descendants.Comment: Invited Review, 25 pages, 17 figure