Becoming a special educator – Finnish and Swedish students' views of their future profession

Peer reviewe

Measures of the Consumer Food Store Environment: A Systematic Review of the Evidence 2000–2011

Description of the consumer food environment has proliferated in publication. However, there has been a lack of systematic reviews focusing on how the consumer food environment is associated with the following: (1) neighborhood characteristics; (2) food prices; (3) dietary patterns; and (4) weight status. We conducted a systematic review of primary, quantitative, observational studies, published in English that conducted an audit of the consumer food environment. The literature search included electronic, hand searches, and peer-reviewed from 2000 to 2011. Fifty six papers met the inclusion criteria. Six studies reported stores in low income neighborhoods or high minority neighborhoods had less availability of healthy food. While, four studies found there was no difference in availability between neighborhoods. The results were also inconsistent for differences in food prices, dietary patterns, and weight status. This systematic review uncovered several key findings. (1) Systematic measurement of determining availability of food within stores and store types is needed; (2) Context is relevant for understanding the complexities of the consumer food environment; (3) Interventions and longitudinal studies addressing purchasing habits, diet, and obesity outcomes are needed; and (4) Influences of price and marketing that may be linked with why people purchase certain items

The Experience of Patients With Neoplasm Metastasis in the Spine During a Magnetic Resonance Imaging Examination

The aim of the study was to explore the experience of a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination by patients with neoplasm metastasis in the spine. MRI is the most accurate method to diagnose and evaluate suspected metastatic disease in the spine. Patients may experience anxiety because of the fear of pain, fear of the unknown, and the apprehension about what the test might reveal. The study had a qualitative design, and the collected data were analyzed by means of latent content analysis. Twelve semistructured in-depth interviews were carried out starting with the question “Can you tell me about your experience of the MRI examination?” Four themes were identified: “motivation,” “worry and anxiety,” “insecurity,” and “security.” The patients were highly motivated to be examined by MRI, although most of them did experience some degree of worry or anxiety. The level of worry or anxiety was generated by the perception that an MRI examination was unpleasant, uncomfortable, or by the fear of what the result would show. All participants experienced some degree of insecurity, but in different ways, the insecurity of the patient could be reduced and the patients could experience a greater degree of security. The feelings of insecurity or security could be influenced by the radiographer, patients themselves, and MRI equipment. This study shows that most patients usually experience worry and anxiety. If the patients are motivated, they can manage to go through the examination in spite of the previously mentioned adverse feelings. Patients' feelings tend to fluctuate between a sense of insecurity and one of security.</p

Measurement of b jet shapes in proton-proton collisions at s=5.02 TeV

We present the first study of charged-hadron production associated with jets originating from b quarks in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV. The data sample used in this study was collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 27.4 pb(-1). To characterize the jet substructure, the differential jet shapes, defined as the normalized transverse momentum distribution of charged hadrons as a function of angular distance from the jet axis, are measured for b jets. In addition to the jet shapes, the per-jet yields of charged particles associated with b jets are also quantified, again as a function of the angular distance with respect to the jet axis. Extracted jet shape and particle yield distributions for b jets are compared with results for inclusive jets, as well as with the predictions from the pythia and herwig++ event generators