Review of the effects of protection in marine protected areas: current knowledge and gaps

The effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) and the conservation of marine environments must be based on reliable information on the quality of the marine environment that can be obtained in a reasonable timeframe. We reviewed studies that evaluated all aspects related to the effectiveness of MPAs in order to describe how the studies were conducted and to detect fields in which research is lacking. Existing parameters used to evaluate the effectiveness of MPAs are summarised. Two-hundred and twenty-two publications were reviewed. We identified the most commonly used study subjects and methodological approaches. Most of the studies concentrated on biological parameters. Peer reviewed studies were based on control vs. impact design. BACI and mBACI designs were used in very few studies. Through this review, we have identified gaps in the objectives assigned to MPAs and the way in which they have been evaluated. We suggest some guidelines aimedat improving the assessment of the effects of protection in MPAs

Valoración antropométrica y nutricional de estudiantes de Nutrición de la Universidad Maza

Siendo la obesidad la pandemia del siglo XXI, es necesario analizar cuál es la incidencia de la misma en personas especializadas en la temá- tica, de ahí la importancia de evaluar su prevalencia en estudiantes de Nutrición. Su objetivo es determinar la composición y peso corporal de alumnas de la carrera de Nutrición de la UMaza

Review of the effects of protection in marine protected areas: current knowledge and gaps

The effectiveness of marine protected areas (MPAs) and the conservation of marine environments must be based on reliable information on the quality of the marine environment that can be obtained in a reasonable timeframe. We reviewed studies that evaluated all aspects related to the effectiveness of MPAs in order to describe how the studies were conducted and to detect fields in which research is lacking. Existing parameters used to evaluate the effectiveness of MPAs are summarised. Two–hundred and twenty–two publications were reviewed. We identified the most commonly used study subjects and methodological approaches. Most of the studies concentrated on biological parameters. Peer reviewed studies were based on control vs. impact design. BACI and mBACI designs were used in very few studies. Through this review, we have identified gaps in the objectives assigned to MPAs and the way in which they have been evaluated. We suggest some guidelines aimed at improving the assessment of the effects of protection in MPAsRevisión de los efectos de la protección en las áreas marinas protegidas: conocimiento y deficiencias actuales.— La efectividad de las áreas marinas protegidas (AMPs) y la conservación del medio ambiente marino debe basarse en información fiable sobre la calidad del medio marino que pueda obtenerse en un plazo de tiempo razonable. Se revisaron estudios que evalúan aspectos relacionados con la efectividad de las AMPs con el fin de describir cómo se realizaron los estudios y detectar donde existen vacíos en la investigación. En este estudio se enumeran los parámetros existentes para evaluar la efectividad de las AMPs. Se revisaron 224 publicaciones. Identificamos los objetos de estudio más utilizados y los enfoques metodológicos. La mayoría de los estudios se centran en el estudio de parámetros biológicos. Los estudios publicados se basaron en el diseño control frente a impacto. En muy pocos estudios se utilizaron diseños de muestreo BACI y mBACI. A través de esta revisión, se han identificado deficiencias en los objetivos de las AMPs y en la manera como han sido evaluados. Como conclusión sugerimos algunas pautas para mejorar la evaluación de los efectos de la protección en estas zonasPublicado

Risk factors for mortality caused by pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in hospitalized patients with oncologic diagnosis in three cities of Colombia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa es una bacteria oportunista Gram negativa particularmente eficiente en la adquisición de mecanismos de resistencia y de alta prevalencia en infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes oncológicos. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, la población de estudio fueron los casos reportados con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa en el servicio de hospitalización de Oncólogos de Occidente en Pereira, Armenia y Manizales durante el año 2015. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados; la supervivencia se estableció según el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se estableció un valor de p <0.05. Se usó el software STATA. Se tuvo aval de bioética de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Resultados: se estudió 41 casos confirmados de cultivos positivos de P. aeruginosa. El sexo masculino (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), neutropenia febril (41%), trombocitopenia (29.3%) y haber sido hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (29.3%) fueron asociados estadísticamente con mayor mortalidad (p=0.019); con estos resultados se diseñó una escala de riesgo (alfa de Cronbach =0.72). Los pacientes con cuatro de estas exposiciones mostraron mayor riesgo de mortalidad al egreso hospitalario con una sensibilidad del 68% y especificidad del 90%. La P. aeruginosa presentó resistencia a cefepime (36.6%) y a aztreonam (34.1%), mientras que la letalidad global fue del 26.8%. Conclusión: El sexo masculino, la coexistencia de anemia, trombocitopenia, y neutropenia febril, así como la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos aumentan la mortalidad en los pacientes oncológicos infectados con P. aeruginosa.Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative and rod-shape opportunistic bacterium that is particularly efficient in the acquisition of resistance mechanisms and its high prevalence in nosocomial infections in cancer patients. Objective: To identify risk factors for mortality in cancer patients with P. aeruginosa infection. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in patients with P. aeruginosa infection during the hospitalization service of “Oncólogos de Occidente” in Pereira, Armenia and Manizales during 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed. The survival analysis was established according to the Kaplan-Meier method. A value of p<0.05 was established for it. The analyses were examined with the STATA software. This study was endorsed by the bioethics committee of the “Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira”. Results: Fourty-one patients with positive culture for P. aeruginosa were studied. Males (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), febrile neutropenia (41%), thrombocytopenia (29.3%) and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit (29.3%) were associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.019); a risk scale was designed with these factors (Cronbach´s alpha = 0.72). Patients who presented four of these exposures were at higher risk of mortality with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 90% at the moment of discharge. P. aeruginosa showed 36.6% of resistance to cefepime, 34.1% to aztreonam, the mortality rate was 26.8%. Conclusion: Male sex, anemia, thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit increase the mortality rate in patients with cancer who were infected by P. aeruginosa.

Constraints on the χ_(c1) versus χ_(c2) polarizations in proton-proton collisions at √s = 8 TeV

The polarizations of promptly produced χ_(c1) and χ_(c2) mesons are studied using data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC, in proton-proton collisions at √s=8  TeV. The χ_c states are reconstructed via their radiative decays χ_c → J/ψγ, with the photons being measured through conversions to e⁺e⁻, which allows the two states to be well resolved. The polarizations are measured in the helicity frame, through the analysis of the χ_(c2) to χ_(c1) yield ratio as a function of the polar or azimuthal angle of the positive muon emitted in the J/ψ → μ⁺μ⁻ decay, in three bins of J/ψ transverse momentum. While no differences are seen between the two states in terms of azimuthal decay angle distributions, they are observed to have significantly different polar anisotropies. The measurement favors a scenario where at least one of the two states is strongly polarized along the helicity quantization axis, in agreement with nonrelativistic quantum chromodynamics predictions. This is the first measurement of significantly polarized quarkonia produced at high transverse momentum

Search for squarks and gluinos in events with isolated leptons, jets and missing transverse momentum at s√=8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

The results of a search for supersymmetry in final states containing at least one isolated lepton (electron or muon), jets and large missing transverse momentum with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider are reported. The search is based on proton-proton collision data at a centre-of-mass energy s√=8 TeV collected in 2012, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 20 fb−1. No significant excess above the Standard Model expectation is observed. Limits are set on supersymmetric particle masses for various supersymmetric models. Depending on the model, the search excludes gluino masses up to 1.32 TeV and squark masses up to 840 GeV. Limits are also set on the parameters of a minimal universal extra dimension model, excluding a compactification radius of 1/R c = 950 GeV for a cut-off scale times radius (ΛR c) of approximately 30

Factores de riesgo para mortalidad en la infección por Pseudomonas aeruginosa en pacientes oncológicos hospitalizados en tres ciudades de Colombia

Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a Gram-negative and rod-shape opportunistic bacterium that is particularly efficient in the acquisition of resistance mechanisms and its high prevalence in nosocomial infections in cancer patients. Objective: To identify risk factors for mortality in cancer patients with P. aeruginosa infection. Methodology: A descriptive study was carried out in patients with P. aeruginosa infection during the hospitalization service of “Oncólogos de Occidente” in Pereira, Armenia and Manizales during 2015. Univariate and multivariate analyzes were performed. The survival analysis was established according to the Kaplan-Meier method. A value of p<0.05 was established for it. The analyses were examined with the STATA software. This study was endorsed by the bioethics committee of the “Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira”. Results: Fourty-one patients with positive culture for P. aeruginosa were studied. Males (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), febrile neutropenia (41%), thrombocytopenia (29.3%) and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit (29.3%) were associated with higher mortality risk (p = 0.019); a risk scale was designed with these factors (Cronbach´s alpha = 0.72). Patients who presented four of these exposures were at higher risk of mortality with a sensitivity of 68% and specificity of 90% at the moment of discharge. P. aeruginosa showed 36.6% of resistance to cefepime, 34.1% to aztreonam, the mortality rate was 26.8%. Conclusion: Male sex, anemia, thrombocytopenia, febrile neutropenia and previous hospitalization in an intensive care unit increase the mortality rate in patients with cancer who were infected by P. aeruginosa. Introducción: Pseudomonas aeruginosa es una bacteria oportunista Gram negativa particularmente eficiente en la adquisición de mecanismos de resistencia y de alta prevalencia en infecciones nosocomiales en pacientes oncológicos. Objetivo: identificar los factores de riesgo para mortalidad en pacientes oncológicos con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa. Metodología: estudio descriptivo, la población de estudio fueron los casos reportados con aislamiento de P. aeruginosa en el servicio de hospitalización de Oncólogos de Occidente en Pereira, Armenia y Manizales durante el año 2015. Se realizaron análisis univariados y multivariados; la supervivencia se estableció según el método de Kaplan-Meier. Se estableció un valor de p <0.05. Se usó el software STATA. Se tuvo aval de bioética de la Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira. Resultados: se estudió 41 casos confirmados de cultivos positivos de P. aeruginosa. El sexo masculino (46.3%), anemia (46.3%), neutropenia febril (41%), trombocitopenia (29.3%) y haber sido hospitalizado en la unidad de cuidados intensivos (29.3%) fueron asociados estadísticamente con mayor mortalidad (p=0.019); con estos resultados se diseñó una escala de riesgo (alfa de Cronbach =0.72). Los pacientes con cuatro de estas exposiciones mostraron mayor riesgo de mortalidad al egreso hospitalario con una sensibilidad del 68% y especificidad del 90%. La P. aeruginosa presentó resistencia a cefepime (36.6%) y a aztreonam (34.1%), mientras que la letalidad global fue del 26.8%. Conclusión: El sexo masculino, la coexistencia de anemia, trombocitopenia, y neutropenia febril, así como la estancia en la unidad de cuidados intensivos aumentan la mortalidad en los pacientes oncológicos infectados con P. aeruginosa

Impact of Aetiological Treatment on Conventional and Multiplex Serology in Chronic Chagas Disease

The main criterion for treatment effectiveness in Chagas Disease has been the seronegative conversion of previously reactive serology, generally achieved many years post-treatment. The lack of reliable tests to ensure parasite clearance and to examine the effect of treatment is the main difficulty in evaluating treatment for chronic Chagas disease. Decreases of conventional and non-conventional serological titers can be useful tools to monitor the early impact of treatment. We serially measured changes in antibody levels, including seronegative conversion as well as declines in titers in 53 benznidazole-treated and 89 untreated chronically T. cruzi-infected subjects. Seronegative conversion as well as decreases of titers was significantly higher in treated compared with untreated patients. A strong concordance was found between decreases of titers of conventional and non-conventional serologic tests post-treatment, reaffirming the findings. When seronegative conversion plus decreases of titers were considered altogether, the impact of treatment was higher, in a shorter follow-up period than previously considered. New tools for monitoring the effectiveness of treatment of chronic Chagas disease are necessary, and the results showed in this study is a contribution to researchers and physicians who assist patients suffering from this disease

Influence of taste disorders on dietary behaviors in cancer patients under chemotherapy

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Objectives</p> <p>To determine the relationship between energy and nutrient consumption with chemosensory changes in cancer patients under chemotherapy.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>We carried out a cross-sectional study, enrolling 60 subjects. Cases were defined as patients with cancer diagnosis after their second chemotherapy cycle (n = 30), and controls were subjects without cancer (n = 30). Subjective changes of taste during treatment were assessed. Food consumption habits were obtained with a food frequency questionnaire validated for Mexican population. Five different concentrations of three basic flavors --sweet (sucrose), bitter (urea), and a novel basic taste, umami (sodium glutamate)-- were used to measure detection thresholds and recognition thresholds (RT). We determine differences between energy and nutrient consumption in cases and controls and their association with taste DT and RT.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>No demographic differences were found between groups. Cases showed higher sweet DT (6.4 vs. 4.4 μmol/ml; p = 0.03) and a higher bitter RT (100 vs. 95 μmol/ml; <it>p </it>= 0.04) than controls. Cases with sweet DT above the median showed significant lower daily energy (2,043 vs.1,586 kcal; p = 0.02), proteins (81.4 vs. 54 g/day; <it>p </it>= 0.01), carbohydrates (246 vs.192 g/day; <it>p </it>= 0.05), and zinc consumption (19 vs.11 mg/day; <it>p </it>= 0.01) compared to cases without sweet DT alteration. Cases with sweet DT and RT above median were associated with lower completion of energy requirements and consequent weight loss. There was no association between flavors DT or RT and nutrient ingestion in the control group.</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Changes of sweet DT and bitter RT in cancer patients under chemotherapy treatment were associated with lower energy and nutrient ingestion. Taste detection and recognition thresholds disorders could be important factors in malnutrition development on patients with cancer under chemotherapy treatment.</p