Avaliação do efeito da irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio na integridade da camada híbrida em restaurações pré-endodônticas com recurso a microscopia eletrónica de varrimento (MEV) e ressonância magnética nuclear (RNRMN)

Dissertação para obtenção do grau de Mestre no Instituto Universitário Egas MonizObjetivos: Analisar o efeito da irrigação com hipoclorito de sódio sobre a camada híbrida em restaurações pré-endodônticas através da Microscopia Eletrónica de Varrimento (MEV) e Ressonância Magnética Nuclear (RNRMN) Materiais e métodos: Selecionaram-se 5 molares hígidos, extraídos há menos de 6 meses do Banco de Dentes da Clínica Universitária Egas Moniz, que posteriormente foram secionados a nível das raízes, 2 a 3 mm abaixo da junção amelocementária e de seguida secionados a 4 mm da superfície oclusal com o intuito de expor dentina. A smear layer foi simulada pelo polimento da superfície com um disco SiC (600 grit). Sobre a dentina exposta foi executada uma restauração pré-endodôntica. Em todos os dentes foi utilizado o sistema adesivo Optibond FLTM (Kerr,USA) e a resina composta utilizada foi FiltekTM Z250 (3M ESPE). Com uma broca diamantada (ISO 524) com irrigação foi simulada uma abertura endodôntica de 3mm de largura mesio-distal e 3mm vestíbulo-lingual e profundidade de 6mm. Através de uma broca de corte, em cada um dos dentes foi cortado 1 espécimen com dimensões padronizadas para efetuar a amostra E1 ou amostra de controlo. Posteriormente a este corte, foi realizada uma restauração direta com resina FiltekTM Z250 sem sistema adesivo para substituir o espécimen removido para controlo. Para a amostra E2 e E3 as restaurações pré-endodônticas foram irrigadas com hipoclorito de sódio a 1% segundo o protocolo de irrigação da Endodontia IUEM. O espécimen E3, para além do mesmo protocolo de irrigação foi posteriormente desgastado com broca diamantada (ISO 504). Todos os espécimens foram cortados com as mesmas dimensões e analisados através de MEV. Os resultados foram sujeitos a uma análise descritiva. Resultados: Verificaram-se diferenças significativas entre o grupo controlo (E1) e o grupo dos irrigados com NaOCl (E2) devido à presença de um gap na interface da restauração. O mesmo não se verificou no grupo de irrigados com NaOCl e desgastados com broca (E3) Conclusão: O hipoclorito de sódio afeta a interface de restaurações pré-endodônticas afetando a camada híbrida superficialmente, pois após o seu desgaste com broca a presença de um gap já não se verifica.Purpose: To study the effect of sodium hypochlorite irrigation on the integrity of the hybrid layer in pre endodontic restorations using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Nuclear Magnetic Ressonance (NMR) Materials and methods: 5 human molars, caries-free, extracted less than 6 months ago, were selected from Egas Moniz Human Teeth Bank, sectioned by the roots, 2 a 3 mm below the amelocemental joint and sectioned 4mm from the occlusal surface so that dentin can be observed. Dentin was then polished with a SiC disk to simulate the smear layer. A pre endodontic restoration was produced over the disk of exposed dentin. The adhesive system used was Optibond FLTM (Kerr,USA) and the restoration was performed with FiltekTM Z250 (3MESPE) resin in 2mm increments. With a medium grain diamond drill (ISO 524) one simulated an endodontic opening with 3mm wide on the mesial-distal direction, and 3mm wide on the buccal-lingual direction, and 6mm of depth. With a cutting drill, each tooth was cut with padronized dimensions and called sample E1 or control group. After this cut, a direct restoration was performed with FiltekTM Z250 without adhesive system to replace the sample cut for control. For samples E2 and E3 the pre endodontic restorations were irrigated with sodium hypochlorite solution at 1%, following the Egas Moniz Endodontic Protocol. Sample E3, also irrigated following the same protocol, was also cut with the same dimensions and then wore out with a drill (ISO 504). All the specimens were cut and analyzed by SEM. All the results were submitted to a descriptive analysis. Results: This investigation resulted in significant differences observed by SEM images between the control group (E1) and the irrigated with NaOCl group (E2) since a gap was present between the bonding interface. In comparison with group E3 the gap was not present, but one could observe surface roughness. Conclusion: NaOCl affects the bonding interface of pre-endodontic restorations, affecting the hybrid layer superficially, as after the use of a drill the existence of a gap can no longer be seen

Guia para a construção de espaços culturais inclusivos

A criação de espaços culturais e artísticos inclusivos requer uma revisão da forma como estes são concebidos, desenhados e organizados com o objetivo de dar as boasvindas a toda a gente e garantir o acesso e participação igualitários aos serviços, atividades e conteúdos que oferecem. Desta maneira, museus, centros culturais e artísticos ou espaços de exposições contribuem para a promoção do direito a aceder e participar na vida cultural e artística, tal como expresso em várias convenções internacionais, incluindo a Declaração Universal dos Direitos Humanos.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis

Search for supersymmetry in events with one lepton and multiple jets in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Measurement of nuclear modification factors of gamma(1S)), gamma(2S), and gamma(3S) mesons in PbPb collisions at root s(NN)=5.02 TeV

The cross sections for ϒ(1S), ϒ(2S), and ϒ(3S) production in lead-lead (PbPb) and proton-proton (pp) collisions at √sNN = 5.02 TeV have been measured using the CMS detector at the LHC. The nuclear modification factors, RAA, derived from the PbPb-to-pp ratio of yields for each state, are studied as functions of meson rapidity and transverse momentum, as well as PbPb collision centrality. The yields of all three states are found to be significantly suppressed, and compatible with a sequential ordering of the suppression, RAA(ϒ(1S)) > RAA(ϒ(2S)) > RAA(ϒ(3S)). The suppression of ϒ(1S) is larger than that seen at √sNN = 2.76 TeV, although the two are compatible within uncertainties. The upper limit on the RAA of ϒ(3S) integrated over pT, rapidity and centrality is 0.096 at 95% confidence level, which is the strongest suppression observed for a quarkonium state in heavy ion collisions to date. © 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Funded by SCOAP3.Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe

Outcomes from elective colorectal cancer surgery during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic

This study aimed to describe the change in surgical practice and the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on mortality after surgical resection of colorectal cancer during the initial phases of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic