A Branch-and-Price Algorithm for Scheduling Observations on a Telescope

International audienceWe address a parallel machine scheduling problem for which the objective is to maximize the weighted number of scheduled tasks, and with the special constraint that each task has a mandatory processing instant. This problem arises, in our case, to schedule a set of astronomical observations on a telescope. We prove that the problem is NP-complete, and we propose a constraint- programming-based branch-and-price algorithm to solve it. Experiments on real and realistic datasets show that the method provides optimal solutions very efficiently

Planetary system architectures with low-mass inner planets: Direct imaging exploration of mature systems beyond 1 au

The discovery of planets orbiting at less than 1 au from their host star and less massive than Saturn in various exoplanetary systems revolutionized our theories of planetary formation. The fundamental question is whether these close-in low-mass planets could have formed in the inner disk interior to 1 au, or whether they formed further out in the planet-forming disk and migrated inward. Exploring the role of additional giant planets in these systems may help us to pinpoint their global formation and evolution. We searched for additional substellar companions by using direct imaging in systems known to host close-in small planets. The use of direct imaging complemented by radial velocity and astrometric detection limits enabled us to explore the giant planet and brown dwarf demographics around these hosts to investigate the potential connection between both populations. We carried out a direct imaging survey with VLT/SPHERE to look for outer giant planets and brown dwarf companions in 27 systems hosting close-in low-mass planets discovered by radial velocity. Our sample is composed of very nearby (<20pc) planetary systems, orbiting G-, K-, and M-type mature (0.5-10Gyr) stellar hosts. We performed homogeneous direct imaging data reduction and analysis to search for and characterize point sources, and derived robust statistical detection limits. Of 337 point-source detections, we do not find any new bound companions. We recovered the emblematic very cool T-type brown dwarf GJ229B. Our typical sensitivities in direct imaging range from 5 to 30 MJup beyond 2 au. The non-detection of massive companions is consistent with predictions based on models of planet formation by core accretion. Our pilot study opens the way to a multi-technique approach for the exploration of very nearby exoplanetary systems with future ground-based and space observatories.Comment: 49 pages including 31 pages of appendices and references, 31 figures, A&A, accepte

2023 ESC Guidelines for the management of acute coronary syndromes.

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Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018) : Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology

Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional.Peer reviewe

Définition fonctionnelle, évaluation et programmation d'une architecture massivement parallèle

L'architecture massivement parallèle étudiée dans cette thèse tente d'associer un fonctionnement de type mimd a des unités de calcul de petite taille, contrairement a ce qui se fait traditionnellement, afin de rendre possible la réalisation de machines de très grande échelle. Elle se situe dans la continuité des machines de type réseau cellulaire étudiées au sein du groupe circuits du LGI (asynchrones, topologie en grille 2d, communication par passage de message) mais dans une optique non dédiée. Cette vocation généraliste pose le probleme du dimensionnement relatif des éléments (processeur, routeur, mémoire) qui doit concilier économie et fonctionnalité. A la lumière d'une approche expérimentale par simulations, le mécanisme de transfert de message parallèle utilise jusqu'alors apparait comme surdimensionne et trop exigeant d'un point de vue connectique. Des solutions plus réalistes (wormhole multiplexe, bus intra-chip) sont présentées et montrées comme suffisamment puissantes. L'étude d'un certain nombre de programmes d'exemples a permis d'une part d'améliorer de façon significative le jeu d'instructions et de valider un ensemble de primitives de communication simples, d'autre part de montrer que l'implémentation d'algorithmes de natures très variées était possibl

A multi-technique approach to identifying and/or constraining radial-velocity substellar companions

International audienceContext. Although more than one thousand substellar companions have already been detected with the radial velocity (RV) method, many new companions remain to be detected in the public RV archives. Aims. We wish to use the archival data obtained with the ESO/HARPS spectrograph to search for substellar companions. Methods. We used the astronomic acceleration measurements of stars obtained with the HIPPARCOS and Gaia satellites to identify anomalies that could be explained by the presence of a companion. Once hints for a companion were found, we combined the RV data with absolute astrometry data and, when available, relative astrometry data, using a Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm to determine the orbital parameters and mass of the companion. Results. We find and characterize three new brown dwarfs (GJ 660.1 C, HD 73256 B, and HD 165131 B) and six new planets (HD 75302 b, HD 108202 b, HD 135625 b, HD 185283 b, HIP 10337 b, and HIP 54597 b) with separations between 1 and 6 au and masses between 0.6 and 100 M Jup. We also constrain the orbital inclination of ten known substellar companions and determine their true mass. Finally, we identify twelve new stellar companions. This shows that the analysis of proper motion anomalies enables the optimization of the RV search for substellar companions and their characterization

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National audienc

SPOT: an optimization software for dynamic observation programming

International audienc

Star Scheduling

International audienc

Breaking the clinico-radiological paradox in multiple sclerosis using machine learning

International audienceMRI is central to the study of white matter lesions in multiple sclerosis (MS). To date, the distribution of MS lesions, as evaluated on FLAIR imaging, has not been linked to patients’ disability prediction. Based on an international data challenge with 1500 MS patients and ground truth 2-year Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), we have proposed an adaptive machine learning framework to predict the clinical disability. Here, we report the encouraging finding that our algorithm predicts the 2-year EDSS score with an accuracy estimated to 81%, only based on a single initial FLAIR sequence, added to sex and gender information