Estrategias para el acceso al agua de uso agrario en un escenario de expansión agrícola y escasez hídrica: el caso de la Comisión de Usuarios Miguel Checa en el Valle del Chira

Durante los últimos veinte años, la frontera agrícola del valle del Chira (Piura, Perú) se ha expandido considerablemente y, en paralelo, atraviesa por recurrentes episodios de escasez hídrica. Ambos aspectos que hoy caracterizan el valle son, en parte, producto del incentivo a la agroindustria en valles costeños y de las reformas en las políticas hídricas que rigen en el país. Así, los usuarios agrarios –que componen un grupo heterogéneo compuesto por pequeños y medianos agricultores, así como empresas agrícolas– desarrollan una serie de estrategias para acceder al agua de uso agrario en una cuenca con un río declarado como agotado. A partir del caso de la Comisión Miguel Checa, en el ámbito del valle del Chira, y con el empleo de una metodología cualitativa, se identifica que las estrategias desarrolladas por los usuarios son: inversión para el control de la infraestructura, autodefinición del derecho de agua, traslocación del derecho de agua, redes de soporte, organización alterna para el control interno y manifestaciones colectivas. El desarrollo de estas estrategias da cuenta de que la institucionalidad de la gestión del agua de uso agrario en el Perú es híbrida y plurilegal, ya que presenta una estructura compuesta por tres campos reguladores (campo de instituciones administrativas públicas de agua, de organizaciones de usuarios y local o de micro-sistemas de riego) que se hallan interconectados y en ocasiones entran en conflicto por la definición del acceso al agua en términos de derecho de uso; no obstante, ninguno de estos campos supera su estado de fragilidad y tampoco viabiliza cabalmente la seguridad hídrica de los usuarios.During the last twenty years, the agricultural frontier of the Chira valley (Piura, Peru) has expanded considerably and, in parallel, is suffering from recurrent episodes of water scarcity. Both aspects that today characterize the valley are, in part, product of the incentive to the agribusiness in coastal valleys and the reforms in water policies that govern in the country. Thus, agricultural users - who make up a heterogeneous group composed of small and medium farmers, as well as agricultural companies - develop a series of strategies to access water for agricultural use in a watershed with a river declared as depleted. Since the case of the Miguel Checa Commission, in the Chira Valley area, and using a qualitative methodology, the strategies identified are investment for infrastructure control, self-definition of the right to Water, translocation of water law, support networks, alternate organization for internal control and collective manifestations. The development of these strategies shows that the institutionality of water management for agricultural use in Peru is hybrid and plurilegal, since it is composed of three regulatory fields (public water administrative institutions, user organizations And local or micro-irrigation systems) that coexist, intersect, and sometimes conflict with each other on the definition of access to water in terms of rights. Nevertheless, none of these fields exceeds its fragility neither does it fully enable the water security of the users.Tesi

Tendencias recientes de la participación femenina en el mercado de trabajo del Uruguay, 1986-2000

In this document we made a descriptive analysis of the evolution of the female participation in comparison to the masculine one in the Uruguayan labor market between 1986 and 2000. The descriptive analysis of the tendencies of the participation made according to the variables related to the familiar cycle for men and women, suggests us that in Uruguay there has been a process of similarity of the participation behavior of men and women. According to the information observed, the familiar life cycle loses importance in the determination of the incorporation of the women to the labor market, specially within the most educated.

Tendencias recientes de la participación femenina en el mercado de trabajo del Uruguay, 1986-2000

En este documento realizamos un análisis descriptivo de la evolución de la participación femenina encomparación con la masculina en el mercado laboral uruguayo entre 1986 y 2000. El análisis descriptivo sobre las tendencias de la participación realizado, de acuerdo a las variables relacionadas con el ciclo familiar tanto para los hombres como para las mujeres, nos sugiere que en el Uruguay se ha venido dando un proceso de similitud del comportamiento de actividad de hombres y mujeres. Según lo observado, el ciclo de vida familiar pierde importancia en la incorporación de las mujeres al mercado laboral, especialmente entre las más educadas.

Comparative analysis of hybridized solutions to water resources management in Burkina Faso, India and Peru

Hybridization of ‘green’ and engineered infrastructure, informed by protecting or restoring catchment processes, can resolve interconnected demands on catchment ecosystems, potentially also reversing historic degradation of socio-ecological systems. Pressures are acute in water-scarce, developing regions with episodic rainfall, exacerbated by historic presumptions favouring engineered management. Comparing conditions, histories and emerging approaches in contrasting regions – the Central Plateau of Burkina Faso, Rajasthan State (India) and Ayacucho Region (Peru) – reveals similar yet distinct approaches reflecting different starting regimes. Transferrable learning about hybridising localised, nature-based solutions and engineered technology informs the necessary transition towards a sustainable approach these and other regions

Polímeros impressos com íons: fundamentos, estratégias de preparo e aplicações em química analítica

Chemical imprinting technology has been widely used as a valuable tool in selective recognition of a given target analyte (molecule or metal ion), yielding a notable advance in the development of new analytical protocols. Since their discovery, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) have been extensively studied with excellent reviews published. However, studies involving ion imprinted polymers (IIPs), in which metal ions are recognized in the presence of closely related inorganic ions, remain scarce. Thus, this review involved a survey of different synthetic approaches for preparing ion imprinted adsorbents and their application for the development of solid phase extraction methods, metal ion sensors (electrodes and optodes) and selective membranes

Measurement of the polarisation of W bosons produced with large transverse momentum in pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV with the ATLAS experiment

This paper describes an analysis of the angular distribution of W->enu and W->munu decays, using data from pp collisions at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV recorded with the ATLAS detector at the LHC in 2010, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 35 pb^-1. Using the decay lepton transverse momentum and the missing transverse energy, the W decay angular distribution projected onto the transverse plane is obtained and analysed in terms of helicity fractions f0, fL and fR over two ranges of W transverse momentum (ptw): 35 < ptw < 50 GeV and ptw > 50 GeV. Good agreement is found with theoretical predictions. For ptw > 50 GeV, the values of f0 and fL-fR, averaged over charge and lepton flavour, are measured to be : f0 = 0.127 +/- 0.030 +/- 0.108 and fL-fR = 0.252 +/- 0.017 +/- 0.030, where the first uncertainties are statistical, and the second include all systematic effects.Comment: 19 pages plus author list (34 pages total), 9 figures, 11 tables, revised author list, matches European Journal of Physics C versio

Observation of a new chi_b state in radiative transitions to Upsilon(1S) and Upsilon(2S) at ATLAS

The chi_b(nP) quarkonium states are produced in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at sqrt(s) = 7 TeV and recorded by the ATLAS detector. Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 4.4 fb^-1, these states are reconstructed through their radiative decays to Upsilon(1S,2S) with Upsilon->mu+mu-. In addition to the mass peaks corresponding to the decay modes chi_b(1P,2P)->Upsilon(1S)gamma, a new structure centered at a mass of 10.530+/-0.005 (stat.)+/-0.009 (syst.) GeV is also observed, in both the Upsilon(1S)gamma and Upsilon(2S)gamma decay modes. This is interpreted as the chi_b(3P) system.Comment: 5 pages plus author list (18 pages total), 2 figures, 1 table, corrected author list, matches final version in Physical Review Letter

Search for displaced vertices arising from decays of new heavy particles in 7 TeV pp collisions at ATLAS

We present the results of a search for new, heavy particles that decay at a significant distance from their production point into a final state containing charged hadrons in association with a high-momentum muon. The search is conducted in a pp-collision data sample with a center-of-mass energy of 7 TeV and an integrated luminosity of 33 pb^-1 collected in 2010 by the ATLAS detector operating at the Large Hadron Collider. Production of such particles is expected in various scenarios of physics beyond the standard model. We observe no signal and place limits on the production cross-section of supersymmetric particles in an R-parity-violating scenario as a function of the neutralino lifetime. Limits are presented for different squark and neutralino masses, enabling extension of the limits to a variety of other models.Comment: 8 pages plus author list (20 pages total), 8 figures, 1 table, final version to appear in Physics Letters

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson