Objektiv kartleggingsmetode i en rekrutteringsprosess: Fører objektiv kartleggingsmetode til økt mangfold og vil den forebygge diskriminering?

Denne bacheloroppgaven er skrevet rundt problemstillingen: ”Fører en objektiv kartleggingsmetode til økt mangfold og vil den virke forbyggende mot diskriminering?” Motivasjonen for denne oppgaven lå bak valg av tema som var vår interesse for et inkluderende arbeidsmiljø. Samtidig ser vi et stadig økende samfunnsansvar for organisasjoner som rekrutterer. Dette for å bidra til en større grad av inkludering og integrering av innvandrere. Oppgaven sentrerer seg rundt hvordan en objektiv kartleggingsmetode vil føre til økt mangfold og virke forebyggende mot diskriminering. I og med at det kan være ulike holdninger som er utslagsgivende i en rekrutteringsprosess avgrenset vi ved å benytte rapporten ”Diskrimineringens omfang og årsaker” som teoretisk utgangspunkt for oppgaven. Denne gav oss en nødvendig ramme rundt undersøkelsen. Vi benyttet oss av en kvalitativ metode for å gjennomføre oppgaven. Dette var fordi vi hadde et behov om å gå i dybden og finne tilstrekkelig med informasjon enn hva en kvantitativ metode kunne dekke. Vi gjennomførte 5 semistrukturerte dybdeintervjuer med personer som jobber med rekruttering for en varehandelkjede i Norge. Vår undersøkelse viser at en objektiv kartleggingsmetode vil i en utvelgelsesprosess føre til mangfold, og vi avdekket også flere ulike holdninger som kan forekomme senere i rekrutteringsprosessen. Vi fant i tillegg flere faktorer som ikke var avdekket i vårt teoretiske grunnlag vi brukte som utgangspunkt for vårt arbeid. Vårt hovedfunn er at en objektiv kartleggingsmetode vil invitere etniske minoriteter til å ta del i det norske arbeidslivet. I tillegg til at det kan føre til konsekvenser for kandidaten i form av at en rekrutterer kan legge til grunn for subjektive holdninger i prosessen videre

All-Sky Near Infrared Space Astrometry

Gaia is currently revolutionizing modern astronomy. However, much of the Galactic plane, center and the spiral arm regions are obscured by interstellar extinction, rendering them inaccessible because Gaia is an optical instrument. An all-sky near infrared (NIR) space observatory operating in the optical NIR, separated in time from the original Gaia would provide microarcsecond NIR astrometry and millimag photometry to penetrate obscured regions unraveling the internal dynamics of the Galaxy.Comment: 7 page

All In

La compra de comida por internet en el Perú ha aumentado de forma considerable a lo largo de los años. Ello se ve reflejado en que la cultura peruana, lleva a que la población tenga un gran aprecio por los alimentos, considerando así la comida como uno de los mejores momentos del día. Al respecto, hemos identificado que un gran número de personas buscan opciones que les permitan personalizar sus pedidos, ya sea porque tienen alergias, gustos particulares o dietas específicas. Estos clientes suelen expresar su necesidad en los restaurantes, pero estos no siempre son atendidos, lo que genera una oportunidad en el mercado. Para solucionarlo, se creó All In, el primer restaurante en línea, con platillos altamente personalizables y servicio de reparto incluido. Además, All In, incluye la opción de planificar tus pedidos, brindándole al cliente la opción de elegir el día y la hora en la que le gustaría recibir su pedido. Consideramos que, al finalizar el periodo operacional establecido de cuatro años, All In se convertirá en una inversión rentable pues; de acuerdo a los indicadores analizados como VAN, TIR y PRD; contara con un valor actual neto de S/.28153,83, periodo de recupero de la inversión de tres años con seis meses y una tasa interna de retorno de 31%. Estos tres indicadores nos permiten afirmar que nuestro proyecto es viable y brindara una alta rentabilidad a los inversionistas/accionistas, por lo que es recomendable invertir en ello.The purchase of food online in Peru has increased considerably over the years. This is reflected in the fact that Peruvian culture leads the population to have a great appreciation for food, thus considering food as one of the best moments of the day. In this regard, we have identified that a large number of people are looking for options that allow them to personalize their orders, either because they have allergies, particular tastes or specific diets. These customers often express their need in restaurants, but these are not always served, which creates an opportunity in the market. To solve this, “All In” was created, the first online restaurant, with highly customizable dishes and delivery service included. In addition, “All In” includes the option to plan your orders, giving the customer the option to choose the day and time they would like to receive their order. We believe that, at the end of the established four-year operational period, All In will become a profitable investment, therefore; according to the indicators analyzed such as NPV, IRR and PRD; It will have a net present value of S/.28,153.83, a payback period of the investment of three years and six months and an internal rate of return of 31%. These three indicators allow us to affirm that our project is viable and will provide a high return to investors / shareholders, so it is advisable to invest in it.Trabajo de investigació

Vitamin B12-Impaired Metabolism Produces Apoptosis and Parkinson Phenotype in Rats Expressing the Transcobalamin-Oleosin Chimera in Substantia Nigra

International audienceThe development of fearfulness and the capacity of animals to cope with stressful events are particularly sensitive to early experience with mothers in a wide range of species. However, intrinsic characteristics of young animals can modulate maternal influence. This study evaluated the effect of intrinsic fearfulness on non-genetic maternal influence. Quail chicks, divergently selected for either higher (LTI) or lower fearfulness (STI) and from a control line (C), were cross-fostered by LTI or STI mothers. Behavioural tests estimated the chicks' emotional profiles after separation from the mother. Whatever their genotype, the fearfulness of chicks adopted by LTI mothers was higher than that of chicks adopted by STI mothers. However, genetic background affected the strength of maternal effects: the least emotional chicks (STI) were the least affected by early experience with mothers. We demonstrated that young animal's intrinsic fearfulness affects strongly their sensitivity to non-genetic maternal influences. A young animal's behavioural characteristics play a fundamental role in its own behavioural development processes

Anchoring Secreted Proteins in Endoplasmic Reticulum by Plant Oleosin: The Example of Vitamin B12 Cellular Sequestration by Transcobalamin

BACKGROUND: Oleosin is a plant protein localized to lipid droplets and endoplasmic reticulum of plant cells. Our idea was to use it to target functional secretory proteins of interest to the cytosolic side of the endoplasmic reticulum of mammalian cells, through expressing oleosin-containing chimeras. We have designed this approach to create cellular models deficient in vitamin B12 (cobalamin) because of the known problematics associated to the obtainment of effective vitamin B12 deficient cell models. This was achieved by the overexpression of transcobalamin inside cells through anchoring to oleosin. METHODOLOGY: chimera gene constructs including transcobalamin-oleosin (TC-O), green fluorescent protein-transcobalamin-oleosin (GFP-TC-O) and oleosin-transcobalamin (O-TC) were inserted into pAcSG2 and pCDNA3 vectors for expression in sf9 insect cells, Caco2 (colon carcinoma), NIE-115 (mouse neuroblastoma), HEK (human embryonic kidney), COS-7 (Green Monkey SV40-transfected kidney fibroblasts) and CHO (Chinese hamster ovary cells). The subcellular localization, the changes in vitamin B12 binding activity and the metabolic consequences were investigated in both Caco2 and NIE-115 cells. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: vitamin B12 binding was dramatically higher in TC-O than that in O-TC and wild type (WT). The expression of GFP-TC-O was observed in all cell lines and found to be co-localized with an ER-targeted red fluorescent protein and calreticulin of the endoplasmic reticulum in Caco2 and COS-7 cells. The overexpression of TC-O led to B12 deficiency, evidenced by impaired conversion of cyano-cobalamin to ado-cobalamin and methyl-cobalamin, decreased methionine synthase activity and reduced S-adenosyl methionine to S-adenosyl homocysteine ratio, as well as increases in homocysteine and methylmalonic acid concentration. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: the heterologous expression of TC-O in mammalian cells can be used as an effective strategy for investigating the cellular consequences of vitamin B12 deficiency. More generally, expression of oleosin-anchored proteins could be an interesting tool in cell engineering for studying proteins of pharmacological interest

Cardiovascular risk factors among Chamorros

BACKGROUND: Little is known regarding the cardiovascular disease risk factors among Chamorros residing in the United States. METHODS: The Chamorro Directory International and the CDC's Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System Questionnaire (BRFSS) were used to assess the health related practices and needs of a random sample of 228 Chamorros. RESULTS: Inactivity, hypertension, elevated cholesterol and diabetes mellitus were more prevalent in this Chamorro sample compared to the US average. Participants who were 50-and-older or unemployed were more likely to report hypertension, diabetes and inactivity, but they were also more likely to consume more fruits and vegetables than their younger and employed counterparts. Women were more likely to report hypertension and diabetes, whereas men were more likely to have elevated BMI and to have never had their blood cholesterol checked. CONCLUSION: The study provides data that will help healthcare providers, public health workers and community leaders identify where to focus their health improvement efforts for Chamorros and create culturally competent programs to promote health in this community

Measuring currents, ice drift, and waves from space: the Sea Surface KInematics Multiscale monitoring (SKIM) concept

We propose a new satellite mission that uses a near-nadir Ka-band Doppler radar to measure surface currents, ice drift and ocean waves at spatial scales of 40?km and more, with snapshots at least every day for latitudes 75 to 82, and every few days otherwise. The use of incidence angles at 6 and 12 degrees allows a measurement of the directional wave spectrum which yields accurate corrections of the wave-induced bias in the current measurements. The instrument principle, algorithm for current velocity and mission performance are presented here. The proposed instrument can reveal features on tropical ocean and marginal ice zone dynamics that are inaccessible to other measurement systems, as well as a global monitoring of the ocean mesoscale that surpasses the capability of today?s nadir altimeters. Measuring ocean wave properties facilitates many applications, from wave-current interactions and air-sea fluxes to the transport and convergence of marine plastic debris and assessment of marine and coastal hazards

Kidney Pathology Precedes and Predicts the Pathological Cascade of Cerebrovascular Lesions in Stroke Prone Rats

INTRODUCTION: Human cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) has been hypothesized to be an age-dependent disease accompanied by similar vascular changes in other organs. SHRSP feature numerous vascular risk factors and may be a valid model of some aspects of human CSVD. Here we compare renal histopathological changes with the brain pathology of spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats (SHRSP). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We histologically investigated the brains and kidneys of 61 SHRSP at different stages of age (12 to 44 weeks). The brain pathology (aggregated erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, microbleeds, microthromboses) and the kidney pathology (aggregated erythrocytes within peritubular capillaries, tubular protein cylinders, glomerulosclerosis) were quantified separately. The prediction of the brain pathology by the kidney pathology was assessed by creating ROC-curves integrating the degree of kidney pathology and age of SHRSP. RESULTS: Both, brain and kidney pathology, show an age-dependency and proceed in definite stages whereas an aggregation of erythrocytes in capillaries and arterioles, we parsimoniously interpreted as stases, represent the initial finding in both organs. Thus, early renal tubulointerstitial damage characterized by rather few intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and tubular protein cylinders predicts the initial step of SHRSPs' cerebral vascular pathology marked by accumulated erythrocytes. The combined increase of intravasal erythrocyte aggregations and protein cylinders accompanied by glomerulosclerosis and thrombotic renal microangiopathy in kidneys of older SHRSP predicts the final stages of SHRSPs' cerebrovascular lesions marked by microbleeds and thrombotic infarcts. CONCLUSION: Our results illustrate a close association between structural brain and kidney pathology and support the concept of small vessel disease to be an age-dependent systemic pathology. Further, an improved joined nephrologic and neurologic diagnostic may help to identify patients with CSVD at an early stage

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London