25 research outputs found
Coloração e conservação pós-colheita de frutos de tomateiro influenciadas pelos alelos ogc, norA e rin
The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the mutant alleles alcobaça (norA), ripening inhibitor (rin), and old gold crimson (ogc), in heterozygosity or homozygosity, on the expression of color and on the postharvest quality of fruit of experimental tomato hybrids. Fourteen hybrids with contrasting genotypic constitutions in the norA, rin, and ogc loci were evaluated in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. The following fruit postharvest quality traits were evaluated: firmness in the breaker stage, color, and soluble solids content. The rin+/rin and nor+/norA genotypes increased firmness of tomato fruit at harvest (breaker stage). The rin+/rin genotypes displayed the worst internal fruit color. There was a positive effect of ogc+/ogc in improving the internal color of rin+/rin and nor+/norA fruit, making the color similar to that of the normal genotypes. The combination of the ogc/ogc rin+/rin nor+/norA genes is effective to improve tomato fruit firmness, besides maintaining or improving internal color. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos promovidos pelos alelos mutantes alcobaça (norA), ripening inhibitor (rin) e old gold crimson (ogc), em heterozigose ou homozigose, na expressão da coloração e da conservação pós-colheita de frutos de híbridos experimentais de tomateiro. Quatorze híbridos com contituições genotípicas contrastantes entre si nos locos norA, rin e ogc foram avaliados em delineamento em blocos ao acaso, com quatro repetições. As seguintes características de qualidade pós-colheita dos frutos foram avaliadas: firmeza no estádio de amadurecimento incipiente, coloração e teor de sólidos solúveis. Os genótipos rin+/rin e nor+/norA condicionaram a maior firmeza dos frutos de tomate no ponto de colheita (estádio de amadurecimento incipiente). Os genótipos rin+/rin apresentaram as piores colorações internas de frutos. Houve efeito positivo de ogc+/ogc na melhoria da coloração interna dos frutos rin+/rin e nor+/norA, que tornou a coloração semelhante à dos genótipos normais. A combinação dos genes ogc/ogc rin+/rin nor+/norA é eficiente para melhorar a firmeza dos frutos de tomate, além de manter ou melhorar a coloração interna.
Optical Photometry of the Type Ia SN 1999ee and the Type Ib/c SN 1999ex in IC 5179
We present UBVRIz lightcurves of the Type Ia SN 1999ee and the Type Ib/c SN
1999ex, both located in the galaxy IC 5179. SN 1999ee has an extremely well
sampled lightcurve spanning from 10 days before Bmax through 53 days after
peak. Near maximum we find systematic differences ~0.05 mag in photometry
measured with two different telescopes, even though the photometry is reduced
to the same local standards around the supernova using the specific color terms
for each instrumental system. We use models for our bandpasses and
spectrophotometry of SN 1999ee to derive magnitude corrections (S-corrections)
and remedy this problem. This exercise demonstrates the need of accurately
characterizing the instrumental system before great photometric accuracies of
Type Ia supernovae can be claimed. It also shows that this effect can have
important astrophysical consequences since a small systematic shift of 0.02 mag
in the B-V color can introduce a 0.08 mag error in the extinction corrected
peak B magnitudes of a supernova and thus lead to biased cosmological
parameters. The data for the Type Ib/c SN 1999ex present us with the first ever
observed shock breakout of a supernova of this class. These observations show
that shock breakout occurred 18 days before Bmax and support the idea that Type
Ib/c supernovae are due to core collapse of massive stars rather than
thermonuclear disruption of white dwarfs.Comment: 55 pages, 15 figures, accepted by the Astronomical Journa
UBVRIz Light Curves of 51 Type II Supernovae
We present a compilation of UBV RIz light curves of 51 type II supernovae
discovered during the course of four different surveys during 1986 to 2003: the
Cerro Tololo Supernova Survey, the Calan/Tololo Supernova Program (C&T), the
Supernova Optical and Infrared Survey (SOIRS), and the Carnegie Type II
Supernova Survey (CATS). The photometry is based on template-subtracted images
to eliminate any potential host galaxy light contamination, and calibrated from
foreground stars. This work presents these photometric data, studies the color
evolution using different bands, and explores the relation between the
magnitude at maximum brightness and the brightness decline parameter (s) from
maximum light through the end of the recombination phase. This parameter is
found to be shallower for redder bands and appears to have the best correlation
in the B band. In addition, it also correlates with the plateau duration, being
thus shorter (longer) for larger (smaller) s values.Comment: 110 pages, 9 Figures, 6 Tables, accepted in A
Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Nearby Type Ia Supernovae 1999ee, 2000bh, 2000ca, and 2001ba
We present near infrared photometry of the Type Ia supernova 1999ee; also,
optical and infrared photometry of the Type Ia SNe 2000bh, 2000ca, and 2001ba.
For SNe 1999ee and 2000bh we present the first-ever SN photometry at 1.035
microns (the Y-band). We present K-corrections which transform the infrared
photometry in the observer's frame to the supernova rest frame. Using our
infrared K-corrections and stretch factors derived from optical photometry, we
construct JHK templates which can be used to determine the apparent magnitudes
at maximum if one has some data in the window -12 to +10 d with respect to
T(B_max). Following up previous work on the uniformity of V minus IR loci of
Type Ia supernovae of mid-range decline rates, we present unreddened loci for
slow decliners. We also discuss evidence for a continuous change of color at a
given epoch as a function of decline rate.Comment: 53 pages, 14 figures, to be published in the March 2004 issue of the
Astronomical Journa
Optical and Infrared Photometry of the Type Ia Supernovae 1991T, 1991bg, 1999ek, 2001bt, 2001cn, 2001cz, and 2002bo
We present optical and/or infrared photometry of the Type Ia supernovae SN
1991T, SN 1991bg, SN 1999ek, SN 2001bt, SN 2001cn, SN 2001cz, and SN 2002bo.
All but one of these supernovae have decline rate parameters Delta m_15(B)
close to the median value of 1.1 for the whole class of Type Ia supernovae. The
addition of these supernovae to the relationship between the near-infrared
absolute magnitudes and Delta m_15(B) strengthens the previous relationships we
have found, in that the maximum light absolute magnitudes are essentially
independent of the decline rate parameter. (SN 1991bg, the prototype of the
subclass of fast declining Type Ia supernovae, is a special case.) The
dispersion in the Hubble diagram in JHK is only ~0.15 mag. The near-infrared
properties of Type Ia supernovae continue to be excellent measures of the
luminosity distances to the supernova host galaxies, due to the need for only
small corrections from the epoch of observation to maximum light, low
dispersion in absolute magnitudes at maximum light, and the minimal reddening
effects in the near-infrared.Comment: Astron. J., 128, 3034 (Dec. 2004). This version with updated author
list, addresses, acknowledgments, reference
Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis
BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London
CHARACTERIZING THE V -BAND LIGHT-CURVES OF HYDROGEN-RICH TYPE II SUPERNOVAE
We present an analysis of the diversity of V-band light-curves of
hydrogen-rich type II supernovae. Analyzing a sample of 116 supernovae, several
magnitude measurements are defined, together with decline rates at different
epochs, and time durations of different phases. It is found that magnitudes
measured at maximum light correlate more strongly with decline rates than those
measured at other epochs: brighter supernovae at maximum generally have faster
declining light-curves at all epochs. We find a relation between the decline
rate during the 'plateau' phase and peak magnitudes, which has a dispersion of
0.56 magnitudes, offering the prospect of using type II supernovae as purely
photometric distance indicators. Our analysis suggests that the type II
population spans a continuum from low-luminosity events which have flat
light-curves during the 'plateau' stage, through to the brightest events which
decline much faster. A large range in optically thick phase durations is
observed, implying a range in progenitor envelope masses at the epoch of
explosion. During the radioactive tails, we find many supernovae with faster
declining light-curves than expected from full trapping of radioactive
emission, implying low mass ejecta. It is suggested that the main driver of
light-curve diversity is the extent of hydrogen envelopes retained before
explosion. Finally, a new classification scheme is introduced where
hydrogen-rich events are typed as simply 'SNII' with an s2 value giving the
decline rate during the 'plateau' phase, indicating its morphological type.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. Revised edition corrects errors in
affiliation number
Diversity and ethics in trauma and acute care surgery teams: results from an international survey
Background Investigating the context of trauma and acute care surgery, the article aims at understanding the factors that can enhance some ethical aspects, namely the importance of patient consent, the perceptiveness of the ethical role of the trauma leader, and the perceived importance of ethics as an educational subject. Methods The article employs an international questionnaire promoted by the World Society of Emergency Surgery. Results Through the analysis of 402 fully filled questionnaires by surgeons from 72 different countries, the three main ethical topics are investigated through the lens of gender, membership of an academic or non-academic institution, an official trauma team, and a diverse group. In general terms, results highlight greater attention paid by surgeons belonging to academic institutions, official trauma teams, and diverse groups. Conclusions Our results underline that some organizational factors (e.g., the fact that the team belongs to a university context or is more diverse) might lead to the development of a higher sensibility on ethical matters. Embracing cultural diversity forces trauma teams to deal with different mindsets. Organizations should, therefore, consider those elements in defining their organizational procedures. Level of evidence Trauma and acute care teams work under tremendous pressure and complex circumstances, with their members needing to make ethical decisions quickly. The international survey allowed to shed light on how team assembly decisions might represent an opportunity to coordinate team member actions and increase performance
Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study
Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world.
Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231.
Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001).
Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication