Tritrichomonas suis: isolamento, morfologia e incidência na cavidade nasal de porcos domésticos do Rio Grande do Sul

The Trichomona that occur in the nasal cavity of domestic swine, Sus scrofa, was isolated, described and its incidence studied in healthy swine of different areas of Rio Grande do Sul. The morphological study of the live specimens done by phase contrast microscopy, dark field microscopy and by examination of fresh and stained specimens, showed that the Tritrichomanas suis isolated has the same morphological caracteristics as the nasal cavity Trichomonas previously described by other authors. The protozoa was found in 9 out of 107 cultures of nasal washings, representing an incidence of 8,4%.A Tricomona que ocorre na cavidade nasal de porcos domésticos, Sus scrofa, foi isolada, descrita e estabelecida a sua incidência em porcos sadios de diferentes áreas do Rio Grande do Sul. O estudo morfológico dos espécimes vivos realizado pela microscopia de contraste de fase, pela microscopia de campo escuro, pelo exame a fresco e em esfregaços corados, mostrou que a Tritrichomonas suis isolada apresenta os mesmos aspectos que caracterizam a Tricomona da cavidade nasal já descrita por outros autores. O protozoário foi encontrado em 9 casos de 107 culturas de lavados nasais, o que representa 8,4% de incidência

Detección y aislamiento de microorganismos exoelectrógenos a partir de lodos del río Lerma, Estado de México, México

Algunos microorganismos, como las bacterias, son capaces de producir energía renovable sin daño al ambiente. Las celdas de energía microbiana ofrecen la posibilidad de convertir compuestos orgánicos en electricidad mediante el metabolismo de dichos microorganismos al crear subproductos, entre los que están diferentes iones que son liberados hacia el medio extracelular. En estos dispositivos se coloca un electrodo como aceptor final para captar los electrones que liberan los microorganismos al degradar la materia orgánica. A la fecha se conocen varios microorganismos con la capacidad de liberar electrones a través del metabolismo, sin embargo son pocos los que pueden realizarlo sin la presencia de mediadores, por lo que es importante continuar con la búsqueda e identificación de estos organismos

CTLA4 +49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) gene variants are not associated with alopecia areata in a Mexican population from Monterrey Mexico

Background: Alopecia areata is an autoimmune disease that produces non-scarring hair loss around the body. Gene variants of the cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) gene, a negative regulator of T-cell response, have been associated with a predisposition to autoimmune diseases in different populations; however, the involvement of these genetic variants in the development of AA is controversial. Objective: The present study evaluated the potential association of two CTLA4 gene variants with alopecia areata in a Mexican population. Methods: We genotyped +49AG (rs231775) and CT60 (rs3087243) variants in 50 AA patients and 100 healthy control participants through PCR-RFLP. Results: No statistical difference was observed for either of the gene variants regarding allele or genotype frequencies between AA patients and the controls when the parameters of family/personal history of autoimmune diseases or gender were considered (p > 0.05).Study limitations: Small sample size of patients and the data were obtained from NortheastMexico population.Conclusion: The genetic variants rs231775 and rs3087243 of the CTLA4 gene are not a risk factorfor the development of alopecia areata in the analyzed Mexican populatio

Creación de una empresa comercializadora internacional de productos ecuatorianos, orientada hacia el mercado de Molombia, en la ciudad de Machala

  En este artículo se presenta una investigación basada en la problemática sobre la inexistencia en la ciudad de Machala, que permitió analizar la necesidad de establecer una empresa comercializadora internacional con Colombia, ya que es un destino de muchos productos ecuatorianos por ser vecinos y miembros de la Comunidad Andina de Naciones (CAN), por lo cual se realizó un estudio de mercado (oferta y demanda de los servicios), factibilidad, rentabilidad y evaluación financiera, con el cual se aspire a estimular a los empresarios y productores de la provincia de El Oro. El objetivo es analizar la necesidad de creación de una empresa comercializadora internacional de productos dirigidos hacia el mercado de Colombia, la metodología de investigación es el método deductivo para la demostración teórica y empírica, resultados esperados es determinar las condiciones favorables existentes para la creación de una empresa que sirva de nexo comercial entre Perú, Ecuador y Colombia en el ámbito de la comercialización. La exportación de productos y servicios es un proceso donde intervienen algunos factores propios de la gestión de cadena de suministro como proveedores, distribuidores, transportistas entre otros, que permite una distribución eficiente del producto hacia un mercado internacional produciendo de esta forma la viabilidad y rentabilidad económica esperada de la empresa comercializadora.   Palabras clave: Mercado internacional, exportación, finanzas internacionales, actividad económico internacional   ABSTRACT This article presents an investigation based on the problem of the non - existence in the city of Machala that allowed to analyze the need to establish an international trading company with Colombia, is a destination of many Ecuadorian products because they are neighbors and members of the Andean Community of Nations (CAN), for which a market study was carried out (supply and demand of services), feasibility, profitability and financial evaluation, with which it is hoped to stimulate the entrepreneurs and producers of the province of El Oro. The objective is to analyze the need to create an international trading company of products aimed at the Colombian market, research methodology is the deductive method for theoretical demonstration and empirical, the expected results are to determine favorable conditions existing for the creation of a business that serves as a commercial link between Peru, Ecuador and Colombia in the field of marketing. The export of products and services is a process where certain factors of supply chain management intervene as suppliers, distributors, transporters, among others, which allows an efficient distribution of the product towards an international market, thus producing viability and economic profitability expected from the trading company.   Key words: International market, export, international finances, international economic activit

Efeito do Levamisole sobre a resposta imunitária de cobaias tratados com vacina antiaftosa inativada

The protection titer of an inactivated tricalent “O", “A" and “C” Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) vaccine was assayed in two groups of 96 guinea pigs, one of them received levamisole at an animal daily dose of 2,5 mg/kg during the three days starting the day of the FMD vaccination and the other one was used as control. The range of vaccine dilutions was 10-0, OOO, 10-602, 10-1, 204 e 10-1,806 and animals were challenged at 21 days after vaccination with 158 DG50 of FMD virus type “C” Waldmann. Although no significant difference was detected between the protection vaccine titer of the two groups, a paired analysis of each vaccine dilution result revealed a favorable effect of levamisole when the vaccine was used at a dilution 10-1,806 .O título de proteção de uma vacina antiaftosa trivalente (O-A-C) inativada foi restabelecido em dois grupos de 96 cobaios, um dos quais recebeu Levamisole na dose diária de 2,5 miligramas por quilo durante três dias consecutivos a partir do momento da vacinação e o outro foi utilizado como controle. A vacina foi empregada nas diluições 10-0, OOO, 10-602, 10-1, 204 e 10-1,806 e os animais desafiados aos 21 dias após a vacinação com 158 DG50 do vírus “C” Waldmann da febre aftosa. Embora não tenha sido verificada uma diferença significante entre os títulos de proteção da vacina nos dois grupos, uma análise pareada dos valores obtidos com cada uma das diluições da vacina revelou um efeito favorável do Levamisole apenas quando a vacina foi empregada na diluição 10-1,806

Evaluación del estado nutricional de niños en edad escolar de dos localidades indígenas de Oaxaca

Introducción: La malnutrición es un problema grave en la edad escolar y se polariza en excesos o carencias que pueden perjudicar física, psicológica y fisiológicamente la salud de los niños a corto y largo plazo. Objetivo: Conocer el estado nutricional de escolares de dos localidades indígenas de Oaxaca. Método: Se realizó un estudio transversal observacional en 120 niños escolares de 6 a 12 años de las localidades de Progreso Guevea y Xadani Guevea de Humboldt, Oaxaca. Se obtuvo el peso y la talla. El estado nutricio se determinó a través del puntaje z del IMC para la edad y talla para la edad en STATA V. 14. El análisis de los datos se realizó por medio de frecuencias, porcentajes, diferencias de medias y pruebas de Chi-cuadrada,T de Student y U deMann-Whitney en SPSS V. 24. Resultados: De los 120 niños analizados se obtuvo una prevalencia de sobrepeso y obesidad de 15% y de desnutrición de 16.7%. Se encontraron diferencias significativas de desnutrición entre localidades (p=0.02) y entre alumnos de menor y mayor grado (p=0.00). Se observó mayor proporción de niñas con obesidad. Conclusiones: La doble carga de desnutrición, sobrepeso y obesidad sigue permeando diferentes zonas indígenas del país mostrándose en similitud de proporciones, considerándose aún un problema de salud pública mundial

Adaptación a los cambios ambientales y territoriales

En este libro se abordan temáticas que destacan la adaptación de los distintos sectores de población a los cambios ambientales y territoriales, la cual muestra las respuestas a la incidencia de los estímulos del entorno, económico, social y ambiental. Así, se destaca la exposición de la población a los efectos destructivos de las amenazas y peligros naturales, lo que ha despertado interés en conocer sus causas, prevenir y mitigar el daño. A través de la revisión de estudios se induce la aprehensión de un tema que adquiere importancia en el contexto de los impactos globales, regionales y locales que se producen como consecuencia de la vulnerabilidad estructural característica de los países en desarrollo.En este libro se proponen estrategias de prevención ante la ocurrencia periódica de inundación en San Mateo Atenco, Estado de México y se analizan los factores sociales que inciden en el deterioro del bosque templado en San Lorenzo Huitzitzilapan. También se exponen soluciones para que se mejoren la condición del bosque y la calidad de vida de la población.Proyecto realizado con financiamiento de la Secretaría de Educación Pública-Subsecretaría de Educación Superior-Dirección General de Educación Superior Universitaria. Número del convenio con la SEP: 2017-15-001-017

Search for chargino-neutralino production with mass splittings near the electroweak scale in three-lepton final states in √s=13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

A search for supersymmetry through the pair production of electroweakinos with mass splittings near the electroweak scale and decaying via on-shell W and Z bosons is presented for a three-lepton final state. The analyzed proton-proton collision data taken at a center-of-mass energy of √s=13  TeV were collected between 2015 and 2018 by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 139  fb−1. A search, emulating the recursive jigsaw reconstruction technique with easily reproducible laboratory-frame variables, is performed. The two excesses observed in the 2015–2016 data recursive jigsaw analysis in the low-mass three-lepton phase space are reproduced. Results with the full data set are in agreement with the Standard Model expectations. They are interpreted to set exclusion limits at the 95% confidence level on simplified models of chargino-neutralino pair production for masses up to 345 GeV

Canagliflozin and Cardiovascular and Renal Outcomes in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Chronic Kidney Disease in Primary and Secondary Cardiovascular Prevention Groups

Background: Canagliflozin reduces the risk of kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, but effects on specific cardiovascular outcomes are uncertain, as are effects in people without previous cardiovascular disease (primary prevention). Methods: In CREDENCE (Canagliflozin and Renal Events in Diabetes With Established Nephropathy Clinical Evaluation), 4401 participants with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease were randomly assigned to canagliflozin or placebo on a background of optimized standard of care. Results: Primary prevention participants (n=2181, 49.6%) were younger (61 versus 65 years), were more often female (37% versus 31%), and had shorter duration of diabetes mellitus (15 years versus 16 years) compared with secondary prevention participants (n=2220, 50.4%). Canagliflozin reduced the risk of major cardiovascular events overall (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80 [95% CI, 0.67-0.95]; P=0.01), with consistent reductions in both the primary (HR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.49-0.94]) and secondary (HR, 0.85 [95% CI, 0.69-1.06]) prevention groups (P for interaction=0.25). Effects were also similar for the components of the composite including cardiovascular death (HR, 0.78 [95% CI, 0.61-1.00]), nonfatal myocardial infarction (HR, 0.81 [95% CI, 0.59-1.10]), and nonfatal stroke (HR, 0.80 [95% CI, 0.56-1.15]). The risk of the primary composite renal outcome and the composite of cardiovascular death or hospitalization for heart failure were also consistently reduced in both the primary and secondary prevention groups (P for interaction >0.5 for each outcome). Conclusions: Canagliflozin significantly reduced major cardiovascular events and kidney failure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and chronic kidney disease, including in participants who did not have previous cardiovascular disease

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years