VIOLÊNCIA SEXUAL CONTRA CRIANÇAS E ADOLESCENTES: CONCEITOS-CHAVE

Resumo: O artigo “Violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes: conceitos-chave, apresenta os diferentes conceitos relacionados à violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes (abuso sexual, nas modalidades intra e extrafamiliar; exploração sexual, nas modalidades prostituição, tráfico para fins sexuais, turismo sexual e pornografia; pedofilia; aliciamento e abuso sexual online). O trabalho é resultado de pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o tema, cujas fontes de consulta incluem convenções internacionais sobre direitos das crianças e adolescentes, textos publicados por organizações não-governamentais que se dedicam ao enfrentamento da violência contra crianças e adolescentes, teses e dissertações, artigos científicos nacionais e internacionais e textos publicados pelo UNICEF/ONU. O objetivo do trabalho, ao apresentar as diferentes conceituações pertinentes ao tema, é contribuir para uma melhor compreensão do fenômeno e, assim, constituir-se em uma base de consulta para o desenvolvimento de estudos que poderão subsidiar o desenvolvimento de políticas públicas de prevenção da violência sexual contra crianças e adolescentes.Palavras-chave: Criança e adolescente. Violência sexual. Pedofilia. Abuso sexual. Exploração sexual

Is lifestyle a determining factor for body satisfaction in high education?

People's lives are increasingly hurrying because of several factors that interfere with lifestyle. However, little is known how much this style interferes in people body satisfaction. This study investigated the impact of lifestyle on body satisfaction of the university community. A total of 659 students (n=460), professors (n=49) and administrative staff (n=150) of a federal northeastern Brazilian university, answered the Body Satisfaction Situational Scale and Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire. Linear regression indicated that the work has a positive impact on the satisfaction of external parties for students, while for the administrative staff was the lowest alcohol consumption and being with family/friends that the impact, as professors, body satisfaction suffered impact of higher alcohol consumption, aggressive behavior, sleep deprivation, lower stress management and unsafe attitudes (p < .05). It is concluded that the lifestyle profile can be considered a determining factor for body satisfaction in higher education, contributing or not for higher body satisfaction

NECESSIDADES PSICOLÓGICAS BÁSICAS E PAIXÃO EM ATLETAS BRASILEIROS UNIVERSITÁRIOS DE VÔLEI DE PRAIA

The aim of this study was to compare basic psychological needs (NPB) and passion in Brazilian university beach volleyball athletes. 57 athletes of both sexes participated (21.48 ± 1.79 years), participating in the final phase of the Brazilian University Games 2018. The instruments used were the Passion Scale and the Basic Needs Satisfaction Scale for Sport (BNSSS) . The Kolmogorov-Smirnorv, U-Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used for data analysis (p <0.05). The results showed that athletes from the central region of the country felt more satisfied in relation to the basic need for autonomy (p = 0.033) when compared to athletes from the south and southeast regions. Athletes from private institutions showed higher levels of satisfaction with the need for competence (p = 0.035) and relationship (p = 0.028) than athletes from public universities. Regarding the remuneration for the practice of sports, athletes who receive some financial assistance feel more competent (p = 0.012) with the practice of sports. International level athletes showed greater satisfaction in relation to autonomy and competence, in addition to greater harmonious passion than national level athletes (p <0.05). It is concluded that the athletes of international level, who receive some type of remuneration, who study in private universities and in the central region of the country presented greater satisfaction with the basic psychological needs and more in line with the practice of the sport.El objetivo de este estudio fue comparar las necesidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) y la pasión en atletas universitarios brasileños de voleibol de playa. Participaron 57 deportistas de ambos sexos (21,48 ± 1,79 años), participando en la fase final de los Juegos Universitarios Brasileños 2018. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de Pasión y la Escala de Satisfacción de Necesidades Básicas para el Deporte (BNSSS). Para el análisis de los datos se utilizaron las pruebas de Kolmogorov-Smirnorv, U-Mann-Whitney y Kruskal-Wallis (p <0,05). Los resultados mostraron que los deportistas de la región central del país se sintieron más satisfechos en relación a la necesidad básica de autonomía (p = 0,033) en comparación con los deportistas de las regiones sur y sureste. Los deportistas de instituciones privadas mostraron mayores niveles de satisfacción con la necesidad de competencia (p = 0,035) y relación (p = 0,028) que los deportistas de universidades públicas. En cuanto a la retribución por el deporte, los deportistas que reciben alguna ayuda económica se sienten más competentes (p = 0,012) con su práctica deportiva. Los deportistas de nivel internacional mostraron mayor satisfacción en relación a la autonomía y competencia, además de una mayor pasión armónica que los deportistas de nivel nacional (p <0,05). Se concluye que los deportistas de nivel internacional, que reciben algún tipo de remuneración, que cursan estudios en universidades privadas y en la región central del país, mostraron mayor satisfacción con las necesidades psicológicas básicas y más en armonía con la práctica del deporte.O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar as necessidades psicológicas básicas (NPB) e a paixão em atletas brasileiros universitários de vôlei de praia. Participaram 57 atletas de ambos os sexos (21,48±1,79 anos), participantes da fase final dos Jogos Universitários Brasileiros 2018. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala da Paixão e a Escala de Satisfação das Necessidades Básicas para o Esporte (BNSSS). Para a análise dos dados foram utilizados os testes de Kolmogorov-Smirnorv, U de Mann-Whitney e Kruskal-Wallis (p<0,05). Os resultados evidenciaram que os atletas da região central do país se perceberam mais satisfeitos em relação à necessidade básica de autonomia (p=0,033) quando comparados aos atletas da região sul e sudeste. Atletas de instituições privadas apresentaram maiores índices de satisfação com a necessidade de competência (p=0,035) e relacionamento (p=0,028) do que atletas de universidades públicas. Em relação a remuneração pelo esporte, atletas que recebem algum auxílio financeiro se sentem mais competentes (p=0,012) com a sua prática esportiva. Atletas de nível internacional apresentaram maior satisfação em relação à autonomia e competência, além de maior paixão harmoniosa do que os atletas de nível nacional (p<0,05). Conclui-se que os atletas de nível internacional, que recebem algum tipo de remuneração, que estudam em universidades particulares e da região central do país demonstraram maior satisfação com as necessidades psicológicas básicas e mais apaixonados harmoniosamente com a prática da modalidade

Clonal chromosomal mosaicism and loss of chromosome Y in elderly men increase vulnerability for SARS-CoV-2

The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19) had an estimated overall case fatality ratio of 1.38% (pre-vaccination), being 53% higher in males and increasing exponentially with age. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, we found 133 cases (1.42%) with detectable clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations (mCA) and 226 males (5.08%) with acquired loss of chromosome Y (LOY). Individuals with clonal mosaic events (mCA and/or LOY) showed a 54% increase in the risk of COVID-19 lethality. LOY is associated with transcriptomic biomarkers of immune dysfunction, pro-coagulation activity and cardiovascular risk. Interferon-induced genes involved in the initial immune response to SARS-CoV-2 are also down-regulated in LOY. Thus, mCA and LOY underlie at least part of the sex-biased severity and mortality of COVID-19 in aging patients. Given its potential therapeutic and prognostic relevance, evaluation of clonal mosaicism should be implemented as biomarker of COVID-19 severity in elderly people. Among 9578 individuals diagnosed with COVID-19 in the SCOURGE study, individuals with clonal mosaic events (clonal mosaicism for chromosome alterations and/or loss of chromosome Y) showed an increased risk of COVID-19 lethality

Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy

BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus is the leading cause of kidney failure worldwide, but few effective long-term treatments are available. In cardiovascular trials of inhibitors of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), exploratory results have suggested that such drugs may improve renal outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In this double-blind, randomized trial, we assigned patients with type 2 diabetes and albuminuric chronic kidney disease to receive canagliflozin, an oral SGLT2 inhibitor, at a dose of 100 mg daily or placebo. All the patients had an estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 30 to <90 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 of body-surface area and albuminuria (ratio of albumin [mg] to creatinine [g], >300 to 5000) and were treated with renin–angiotensin system blockade. The primary outcome was a composite of end-stage kidney disease (dialysis, transplantation, or a sustained estimated GFR of <15 ml per minute per 1.73 m2), a doubling of the serum creatinine level, or death from renal or cardiovascular causes. Prespecified secondary outcomes were tested hierarchically. RESULTS The trial was stopped early after a planned interim analysis on the recommendation of the data and safety monitoring committee. At that time, 4401 patients had undergone randomization, with a median follow-up of 2.62 years. The relative risk of the primary outcome was 30% lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group, with event rates of 43.2 and 61.2 per 1000 patient-years, respectively (hazard ratio, 0.70; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.59 to 0.82; P=0.00001). The relative risk of the renal-specific composite of end-stage kidney disease, a doubling of the creatinine level, or death from renal causes was lower by 34% (hazard ratio, 0.66; 95% CI, 0.53 to 0.81; P<0.001), and the relative risk of end-stage kidney disease was lower by 32% (hazard ratio, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.54 to 0.86; P=0.002). The canagliflozin group also had a lower risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke (hazard ratio, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.67 to 0.95; P=0.01) and hospitalization for heart failure (hazard ratio, 0.61; 95% CI, 0.47 to 0.80; P<0.001). There were no significant differences in rates of amputation or fracture. CONCLUSIONS In patients with type 2 diabetes and kidney disease, the risk of kidney failure and cardiovascular events was lower in the canagliflozin group than in the placebo group at a median follow-up of 2.62 years

Impact of COVID-19 on cardiovascular testing in the United States versus the rest of the world

Objectives: This study sought to quantify and compare the decline in volumes of cardiovascular procedures between the United States and non-US institutions during the early phase of the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the care of many non-COVID-19 illnesses. Reductions in diagnostic cardiovascular testing around the world have led to concerns over the implications of reduced testing for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. Methods: Data were submitted to the INCAPS-COVID (International Atomic Energy Agency Non-Invasive Cardiology Protocols Study of COVID-19), a multinational registry comprising 909 institutions in 108 countries (including 155 facilities in 40 U.S. states), assessing the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of diagnostic cardiovascular procedures. Data were obtained for April 2020 and compared with volumes of baseline procedures from March 2019. We compared laboratory characteristics, practices, and procedure volumes between U.S. and non-U.S. facilities and between U.S. geographic regions and identified factors associated with volume reduction in the United States. Results: Reductions in the volumes of procedures in the United States were similar to those in non-U.S. facilities (68% vs. 63%, respectively; p = 0.237), although U.S. facilities reported greater reductions in invasive coronary angiography (69% vs. 53%, respectively; p < 0.001). Significantly more U.S. facilities reported increased use of telehealth and patient screening measures than non-U.S. facilities, such as temperature checks, symptom screenings, and COVID-19 testing. Reductions in volumes of procedures differed between U.S. regions, with larger declines observed in the Northeast (76%) and Midwest (74%) than in the South (62%) and West (44%). Prevalence of COVID-19, staff redeployments, outpatient centers, and urban centers were associated with greater reductions in volume in U.S. facilities in a multivariable analysis. Conclusions: We observed marked reductions in U.S. cardiovascular testing in the early phase of the pandemic and significant variability between U.S. regions. The association between reductions of volumes and COVID-19 prevalence in the United States highlighted the need for proactive efforts to maintain access to cardiovascular testing in areas most affected by outbreaks of COVID-19 infection

Measurement of the Splitting Function in &ITpp &ITand Pb-Pb Collisions at root&ITsNN&IT=5.02 TeV

Data from heavy ion collisions suggest that the evolution of a parton shower is modified by interactions with the color charges in the dense partonic medium created in these collisions, but it is not known where in the shower evolution the modifications occur. The momentum ratio of the two leading partons, resolved as subjets, provides information about the parton shower evolution. This substructure observable, known as the splitting function, reflects the process of a parton splitting into two other partons and has been measured for jets with transverse momentum between 140 and 500 GeV, in pp and PbPb collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 5.02 TeV per nucleon pair. In central PbPb collisions, the splitting function indicates a more unbalanced momentum ratio, compared to peripheral PbPb and pp collisions.. The measurements are compared to various predictions from event generators and analytical calculations.Peer reviewe

Search for dark matter in events with a leptoquark and missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at 13 TeV

A search is presented for dark matter in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of root s= 13 TeV using events with at least one high transverse momentum (p(T)) muon, at least one high-p(T) jet, and large missing transverse momentum. The data were collected with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC in 2016 and 2017, and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 77.4 fb(-1). In the examined scenario, a pair of scalar leptoquarks is assumed to be produced. One leptoquark decays to a muon and a jet while the other decays to dark matter and low-p(T) standard model particles. The signature for signal events would be significant missing transverse momentum from the dark matter in conjunction with a peak at the leptoquark mass in the invariant mass distribution of the highest p(T) muon and jet. The data are observed to be consistent with the background predicted by the standard model. For the first benchmark scenario considered, dark matter masses up to 500 GeV are excluded for leptoquark masses m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV, and up to 300 GeV for m(LQ) approximate to 1500 GeV. For the second benchmark scenario, dark matter masses up to 600 GeV are excluded for m(LQ) approximate to 1400 GeV. (C) 2019 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.Peer reviewe

Electroweak production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions root s =13 TeV

A measurement of the electroweak (EW) production of two jets in association with a Z boson in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV is presented, based on data recorded in 2016 by the CMS experiment at the LHC corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb(-1). The measurement is performed in the lljj final state with l including electrons and muons, and the jets j corresponding to the quarks produced in the hard interaction. The measured cross section in a kinematic region defined by invariant masses m(ll) > 50 GeV, m(jj) > 120 GeV, and transverse momenta P-Tj > 25 GeV is sigma(EW) (lljj) = 534 +/- 20 (stat) fb (syst) fb, in agreement with leading-order standard model predictions. The final state is also used to perform a search for anomalous trilinear gauge couplings. No evidence is found and limits on anomalous trilinear gauge couplings associated with dimension-six operators are given in the framework of an effective field theory. The corresponding 95% confidence level intervals are -2.6 <cwww/Lambda(2) <2.6 TeV-2 and -8.4 <cw/Lambda(2) <10.1 TeV-2. The additional jet activity of events in a signal-enriched region is also studied, and the measurements are in agreement with predictions.Peer reviewe