The wool proteome and fibre characteristics of three distinct genetic ovine breeds from Portugal

Wool properties and commodity value vary considerably between breeds. In Portugal, three major ovine groups exist: Churros, Bordaleiros and Merinos. This work studies the effect of the ovine genotype on the wool proteome of such groups. Wool was collected from 15 ewes/breed and genetic groups: Churra da Terra Quente (CTQ) or Churro, Serra da Estrela (SE) or Bordaleiro and Merino Branco (MB) or Merino. Proteins were extracted and subjected to label-free proteomics analysis. A total of 50 keratinous protein groups were identified in all the samples, divided into type I and II keratins and the keratin associated proteins: high-glycine-tyrosine proteins, ultra-high sulphur proteins and high-sulphur proteins. Major differences were found between MB and CTQ with respect to K75 and K38, both medullar proteins and to a lesser extent between SE and CTQ suggesting that these might be good markers for this trait in wool. Partial least squares discriminatory analysis proved MB to be readily distinguishable from the other two breeds. Further differences were noted in keratin associated protein levels between the three breeds, normally an indicator of higher levels of orthocortex and also their relationship to high curvature, high crimp fibres like Merinoinfo:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersio

Potential for macro and micronutrients extraction from tomato plants with different soil water stresses

Different tomato cultivars may present differentiated water needs, making it indispensable to study water demand. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the influence of six water stresses in the soil on the extraction potential of macro and micronutrients in the aerial part of tomato in vegetative stage, cultivar ‘Dominador’ F1, under protected cultivation and drip. The experiment was installed in a greenhouse with a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments consisted of six soil water stresses as indicative of the time of irrigation. The preset stresses were 20, 45, 70, 95, 120 and 145 kPa at 20 cm depth. At 140 days after transplanting, the variables evaluated were: the macro and micronutrient content of shoots. The results showed that to obtain higher levels of macro (P and S) and micronutrients (B and Cu) of the total aerial part of the ‘Dominador’ tomato plant F1, it was obtained at a voltage of 20 kPa, and its value was reduced linearly with the increase of the water tension in the soil

Downregulation Of 14q32 Micrornas In Primary Human Desmoplastic Medulloblastoma

Medulloblastoma (MB) is one of the most common pediatric cancers, likely originating from abnormal development of cerebellar progenitor neurons. MicroRNA (miRNA) has been shown to play an important role in the development of the central nervous system. Microarray analysis was used to investigate miRNA expression in desmoplastic MB from patients diagnosed at a young age (1 or 2 years old). Normal fetal or newborn cerebellum was used as control. A total of 84 differentially expressed miRNAs (64 downregulated and 20 upregulated) were found. Most downregulated miRNAs (32/64) were found to belong to the cluster of miRNAs at the 14q32 locus, suggesting that this miRNA locus is regulated as a module in MB. Possible mechanisms of 14q32 miRNAs downregulation were investigated by the analysis of publicly available gene expression data sets. First, expression of estrogen-related receptor-γ (ESRRG), a reported positive transcriptional regulator of some 14q32 miRNAs, was found downregulated in desmoplastic MB. Second, expression of the parentally imprinted gene MEG3 was lower in MB in comparison to normal cerebellum, suggesting a possible epigenetic silencing of the 14q32 locus. miR-129-5p (11p11.2/7q32.1), miR-206 (6p12.2), and miR-323-3p (14q32.2), were chosen for functional studies in DAOY cells. Overexpression of miR-129-5p using mimics decreased DAOY proliferation. 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cerebellar development (2013) Brain Pathol, 23, pp. 178-191. , doi:10.1111/j.1750-3639.2012.00631.xLuo, X., Liu, J., Cheng, S.Y., The role of microRNAs during the genesis of medulloblastoma induced by the hedgehog pathway (2011) Biomed Res, 25 (1), pp. 42-48. , doi:10. 1016/S1674-8301(11)Northcott, P.A., Shih, D.J., Peacock, J., Garzia, L., Morrissy, A.S., Zichner, T., Subgroup-specific structural variation across 1,000 medulloblastoma genomes (2012) Nature, 488 (7409), pp. 49-56. , doi:10.1038/nature11327Song, G., Wang, L., miR-433 and miR-127 arise from independent overlapping primary transcripts encoded by the miR-433-127 locus (2008) PLoS ONE, 3, pp. e3574. , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0003574Remke, M., Hielscher, T., Korshunov, A., Northcott, P.A., Bender, S., Kool, M., FSTL5 is a marker of poor prognosis in non-WNT/non-SHH medulloblastoma (2011) J Clin Oncol, 29 (29), pp. 3852-3861. , doi:10.1200/JCO.2011.36.2798Edgar, R., Domrachev, M., Lash, A.E., Gene expression omnibus: NCBI gene expression and hybridization array data repository (2002) Nucleic Acids Res, 30, pp. 207-210. , doi:10.1093/nar/30.1.207Yu, S., Wang, X., Ng, C.F., Chen, S., Chan, F.L., ERRgamma suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth of androgen-sensitive and androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells and its implication as a therapeutic target for prostate cancer (2007) Cancer Res, 67 (10), pp. 4904-4914. , doi:10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-06-3855Mancuso, M., Leonardi, S., Giardullo, P., Pasquali, E., Borra, F., Stefano, I.D., The estrogen receptor beta agonist diarylpropionitrile (DPN) inhibits medulloblastoma development via anti-proliferative and pro-apototic pathways (2011) Cancer Lett, 308 (2), pp. 197-202. , doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2011.05.004da Rocha, S.T., Edwards, C.A., Ito, M., Ogata, T., Ferguson-Smith, A.C., Genomic imprinting at the mammalian Dlk1-Dio3 domain (2008) Trends Genet, 24, pp. 306-316. , doi:10.1016/j.tig.2008.03.011Lin, S.P., Youngson, N., Takada, S., Seitz, H., Reik, W., Paulsen, M., Asymmetric regulation of imprinting on the maternal and paternal chromosomes at the Dlk1-Gtl2 imprinted cluster on mouse chromosome 12 (2003) Nat Genet, 35, pp. 97-102. , doi:10.1038/ng1233Takada, S., Paulsen, M., Tevendale, M., Tsai, C.E., Kelsey, G., Cattanach, B.M., Epigenetic analysis of the Dlk1-Gtl2 imprinted domain on mouse chromosome implications for imprinting control from comparison with Igf2-H19 (2002) Hum Mol Genet, 12, pp. 77-86. , doi:10.1093/hmg/11.1.77Kagami, M., O'Sullivan, M.J., Green, A.J., Watabe, Y., Arisaka, O., Masawa, N., The IG-DMR and the MEG3-DMR at human chromosome 14q32 2: hierarchical interaction and distinct functional properties as imprinting control centers (2010) PLoS Genet, 6, pp. e1000992. , doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1000992Diede, S.J., Guenthoer, J., Geng, L.N., Mahoney, S.E., Marotta, M., Olson, J.M., DNA methylation of developmental genes in pediatric medulloblastomas identified by denaturation analysis of methylation differences 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doi:10.1038/emboj.2008.172Venkataraman, S., Alimova, I., Fan, R., Harris, P., Foreman, N., Vibhakar, R., MicroRNA 128a increases intracellular ROS level by targeting Bmi-1 and inhibits medulloblastoma cancer cell growth by promoting senescence (2010) PLoS ONE, 5 (6), pp. e10748. , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0010748Genovesi, L.A., Carter, K.W., Gottardo, N.G., Giles, K.M., Dallas, P.B., Integrated analysis of miRNA and mRNA expression in childhood medulloblastoma compared with neural stem cells (2011) PLoS ONE, 6 (9), pp. e23935. , doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0023935Weeraratne, S.D., Amani, V., Neiss, A., Teider, N., Scott, D.K., Pomeroy, S.L., miR-34a confers chemosensitivity through modulation of MAGE-A and p53 in medulloblastoma (2011) Neuro Oncol, 13 (2), pp. 165-175. , doi:10.1093/neuonc/noq179Lv, S.Q., Kim, Y.H., Giulio, F., Shalaby, T., Nobusawa, S., Yang, H., Genetic alterations in MicroRNAs in medulloblastomas (2012) Brain Pathol, 22, pp. 230-239. , 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Impact of a Tutored Theoretical-Practical Training to Develop Undergraduate Students’ Skills for the Detection of Caries Lesions: Study Protocol for a Multicenter Controlled Randomized Study

Background: Tutored laboratorial activities could be a manner of improving the competency development of students. However, its impact over conventional theoretical classes has not yet been tested. Additionally, different university contexts could influence this issue and should be explored. Objective: To assess the impact of a tutored theoretical-practical training for teaching undergraduate students to detect caries lesions as compared with theoretical teaching activities. The impact of these teaching/learning activities will be assessed in terms of efficacy, cost/benefit, retention of knowledge/acquired competences, and student acceptability. Methods: Sixteen centers (7 centers from Brazil and 9 centers from other countries throughout the world) are involved in the inclusion of subjects for this protocol. A randomized controlled study with parallel groups will be conducted. One group (control) will be exposed to a 60- to 90-minute conventional theoretical class and the other group (test) will be exposed to the same theoretical class and also a 90-minute laboratory class, including exercises and discussions based on the evaluation of a pool of images and extracted teeth. The mentioned outcomes will be evaluated immediately after the teaching activities and also in medium- and long-term analyses. To compare the long-term outcomes, students who enrolled in the university before the participating students will be interviewed for data collection and these data will be used as a control and compared with the trained group. This stage will be a nonrandomized phase of this study, nested in the main study. Appropriate statistical analysis will be performed according to the aims of this study. Variables related to the centers will also be analyzed and used to model adjustment as possible sources of variability among results. Results: This ongoing study is funded by a Brazilian national funding agency (CNPq- 400736/2014-4). We expect that the tutored theoretical-practical training will improve the undergraduate students’ performance in the detection of caries lesions and subsequent treatment decisions, mainly in terms of long-term retention of knowledge. Our hypothesis is that tutored theoretical-practical training is a more cost-effective option for teaching undergraduate students to detect caries lesions. Conclusions: If our hypothesis is confirmed, the use of laboratory training in conjunction with theoretical classes could be used as an educational strategy in Cariology to improve the development of undergraduate students’ skills in the detection of caries lesions and clinical decision-making

Cultura e desenvolvimento humano sustentável

A cultura é cada vez mais o centro das políticas locais, pela importância que vem revelando no contexto de um paradigma de desenvolvimento humano integral. Para além da atenção que lhe é dirigida graças à sua intima conexão a fatores de índole económica, social e urbana; a sua relevância deve-se essencialmente às relações intrínsecas que mantém com as questões da identidade, da memória, da criatividade, da ciência e do pensamento e conhecimento crítico. Optámos por dividir este livro em três capítulos de modo a permitir uma sequência de leitura, desde as temáticas gerais de grande escala – da União Europeia e da Globalização, até ao cerne do problema que em nosso entendimento urge solucionar nas cidades: a efetiva e definitiva integração da dimensão cultural nas estratégias territoriais de desenvolvimento humano sustentável.N/

Photosynthesis, stomatal conductance and leaf water potential in crabwood (Carapa guianensis)

Leaf water potential is one of the most important factors affecting stomatal functioning. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of variation in diurnal irradiance and vapour pressure deficit on photosynthesis (A), stomatal conductance (g s) and leaf water potential (psi) in Carapa guianensis (Aubl.). Data were collected from 07:00 to 17:00 h. Photosynthetic rates reached a maximum (2.5 µmol m-2 s-1) at 10:00 h, thereafter declined to a minimum of 1 µmol m-2 s-1 at 16:00 h. Stomatal conductance oscillated during the day, from 0.04 mol m-2 s-1 (at midday) to 0.02.mol.m-2.s-1 at the end of the afternoon. Leaf water potential was higher early in the morning (-0.3 MPa) and lower (-0.75 MPa) at mid-afternoon (14:30 -15:00 h). After reaching a minimum, psi increased up to -0.64 MPa at sunset. Photosynthetic rates increased linearly as a function of g s (P < 0.01). Also there was a positive relationship between psi and g s (P< 0.01). Photosynthetic rates declined during the day after reaching a peak early in the morning, which makes clear that environmental factors that influence psi greatly affect carbon assimilation of C. guianensis.O potencial hídrico da folha é um dos fatores mais importantes que afetam o funcionamento dos estômatos. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o efeito da variação diurna na irradiância e déficit de pressão de vapor (DPV) na fotossíntese (A), condutância estomática (g s) e potencial hídrico da folha (psi) em Carapa guianensis (Aubl.). Os dados foram coletados de 07:00 às 17:00 h. A taxa fotossintética atingiu um valor máximo (2,5 µmol m-2 s-1) às 10:00 h, depois declinou até atingir um mínimo de 1 µmolm-2 s-1 às 16:00 h. A condutância estomática oscilou durante o dia, de 0,04 molm-2s-1 (ao meio dia) para 0,02 molm-2s- 1 no final da tarde. O potencial hídrico da folha foi máximo nas primeiras horas do dia (-0,3 MPa) e mínimo (-0,75 MPa) no meio da tarde (14:30 a 15:00 h). Após ter alcançado um mínimo, o psi aumentou até -0,64 MPa no fim da tarde. A taxa fotossintética aumentou linearmente em função do g s (P < 0,01). Também houve uma relação positiva entre psi e g s (P < 0,01). A taxa fotossintética declinou durante o dia após ter alcançado um pico no início da manhã, demonstrando que os fatores ambientais que afetam o psi têm efeito significativo na assimilação do carbono de C. guianensis

Anisotropic flow of charged hadrons, pions and (anti-)protons measured at high transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=2.76 TeV

The elliptic, $v_2$, triangular, $v_3$, and quadrangular, $v_4$, azimuthal anisotropic flow coefficients are measured for unidentified charged particles, pions and (anti-)protons in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 2.76$ TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. Results obtained with the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods are reported for the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta|<0.8$ at different collision centralities and as a function of transverse momentum, $p_{\rm T}$, out to $p_{\rm T}=20$ GeV/$c$. The observed non-zero elliptic and triangular flow depends only weakly on transverse momentum for $p_{\rm T}>8$ GeV/$c$. The small $p_{\rm T}$ dependence of the difference between elliptic flow results obtained from the event plane and four-particle cumulant methods suggests a common origin of flow fluctuations up to $p_{\rm T}=8$ GeV/$c$. The magnitude of the (anti-)proton elliptic and triangular flow is larger than that of pions out to at least $p_{\rm T}=8$ GeV/$c$ indicating that the particle type dependence persists out to high $p_{\rm T}$.Comment: 16 pages, 5 captioned figures, authors from page 11, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/186

Centrality dependence of charged particle production at large transverse momentum in Pb-Pb collisions at sNN=2.76\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}} = 2.76 TeV

The inclusive transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) distributions of primary charged particles are measured in the pseudo-rapidity range $|\eta|<0.8$ as a function of event centrality in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\rm{NN}}}=2.76$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC. The data are presented in the $p_{\rm T}$ range $0.15<p_{\rm T}<50$ GeV/$c$ for nine centrality intervals from 70-80% to 0-5%. The Pb-Pb spectra are presented in terms of the nuclear modification factor $R_{\rm{AA}}$ using a pp reference spectrum measured at the same collision energy. We observe that the suppression of high-$p_{\rm T}$ particles strongly depends on event centrality. In central collisions (0-5%) the yield is most suppressed with $R_{\rm{AA}}\approx0.13$ at $p_{\rm T}=6$-7 GeV/$c$. Above $p_{\rm T}=7$ GeV/$c$, there is a significant rise in the nuclear modification factor, which reaches $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx0.4$ for $p_{\rm T}>30$ GeV/$c$. In peripheral collisions (70-80%), the suppression is weaker with $R_{\rm{AA}} \approx 0.7$ almost independently of $p_{\rm T}$. The measured nuclear modification factors are compared to other measurements and model calculations.Comment: 17 pages, 4 captioned figures, 2 tables, authors from page 12, published version, figures at http://aliceinfo.cern.ch/ArtSubmission/node/284