30 research outputs found

    Accompagnement ergonomique de l'activité des représentants du personnel des CHSCT. Interventions ergonomiques sur les CHSCT de la SNCF

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    This dissertation falls within a field of research in ergonomics focused on health and safety staff. It defends the idea that the activity of staff representatives is to be considered as work and that it is possible to contribute to the development of their activity thanks to ergonomic interventions.This research was carried out by studying seven CHSCTs (Occupational Health and Safety Committee) of different professions at the SNCF (French National Rail Company), and was ordered by their Observatoire de la QualitĂ© de Vie au Travail (Monitoring Agency for Quality of Life in the Workplace). The members of the Observatoire wanted a scientific study to help them understand the functional difficulties encountered by the CHSCTs, and the possibilities for improving work analysis, in turn improving their prevention work.Thanks to an Ergonomic Work Analysis, we were able to understand the specificities of this activity. Several ergonomic interventions were organized in order to test previous local diagnostics. We were thus able to contribute to the development of the activity of staff representatives.This dissertation shows that staff representatives are practicians who, through their activity, contribute to problem solving in the company. The current regulations framework does not permit them to take into account the dynamic nature of employees' work situations, nor the possibilities for action in their own work. This has lead them to defining modes of action that are in line with the dynamic environment in which they are called upon to intervene.It is therefore necessary for them to build a common frame of reference in order to act together, while still retaining individual points of view. Inevitably, conflictuality and cooperation are inherent to the functioning of CHSCTs. This common framework however must be based upon other elements besides regulations, and it is necessary to give employees a say in the formation of both problems and solutions.It also appears to be difficult for them to discuss the individual and collective difficulties that they encounter. This contributes to the development of collective defenses, leading to a closed, in-house treatment of the workers situational problems.As such, ergonomic interventions must facilitate collective activity by questioning both individual and collective pratices and difficulties. The challenge for the ergonomist is that he cannot base his intervention upon a work collective, which must none-the-less produce a collective work. Therefore the contribution must work towards a common denominator between the members, allowing for the integration of both the complexity of work and the employees. In that, conflictuality and cooperation must be articulated around employees' work situations, and not only the application of regulations.Cette thĂšse s’inscrit dans le champ de recherche en ergonomie qui porte sur les acteurs de la prĂ©vention. Elle dĂ©fend l’idĂ©e que l’activitĂ© des reprĂ©sentants du personnel est un travail et qu’il est possible de contribuer au dĂ©veloppement de leur activitĂ© Ă  travers des interventions ergonomiques.Elle a Ă©tĂ© conduite auprĂšs de sept CHSCT de mĂ©tiers diffĂ©rents de la SNCF et fait suite Ă  une demande sociale formulĂ©e par l’Observatoire de la QualitĂ© de Vie au Travail de cette entreprise. Les membres de cet Observatoire souhaitaient avoir un Ă©clairage scientifique pour comprendre les difficultĂ©s de fonctionnement de ces instances et les possibilitĂ©s d’y amĂ©liorer la prise en compte du travail pour contribuer Ă  la prĂ©vention de la pĂ©nibilitĂ©.Par l’Analyse Ergonomique du Travail, il a Ă©tĂ© possible de comprendre les spĂ©cificitĂ©s de cette activitĂ©. Plusieurs interventions ergonomiques ont Ă©tĂ© mises en place au sein de sept CHSCT pour mettre Ă  l’épreuve les diagnostics locaux rĂ©alisĂ©s. Il a ainsi Ă©tĂ© possible de contribuer au dĂ©veloppement de l’activitĂ© des reprĂ©sentants du personnel.Cette thĂšse dĂ©montre que les reprĂ©sentants du personnel sont des praticiens qui contribuent par leur activitĂ© Ă  rĂ©soudre les problĂšmes de l’entreprise. Pour autant, le cadre rĂ©glementaire ne leur permet pas de prendre en charge le caractĂšre dynamique des situations de travail des salariĂ©s et les possibilitĂ©s d’action de leur propre activitĂ©. Cela les amĂšne Ă  dĂ©finir des modes d’action qui soient en adĂ©quation avec l’environnement dynamique dans lequel ils agissent.Il leur est de fait nĂ©cessaire de construire un rĂ©fĂ©rentiel commun permettant d’articuler une nĂ©cessitĂ© d’agir ensemble tout en tenant des points de vue individuels. La conflictualitĂ© et la coopĂ©ration sont par consĂ©quent inhĂ©rentes au mode de fonctionnement des CHSCT. Toutefois, ce cadre commun doit s’appuyer sur d’autres Ă©lĂ©ments que la rĂ©glementation et il est nĂ©cessaire de donner une place aux salariĂ©s dans la construction des problĂšmes et des solutions.Il apparaĂźt Ă©galement qu’il est difficile pour eux de pouvoir dĂ©battre des difficultĂ©s individuelles et collectives qu’ils rencontrent. Cela contribue au dĂ©veloppement de dĂ©fenses collectives amenant Ă  un traitement des problĂšmes en vase clos au sein de l’instance.DĂšs lors, l’intervention ergonomique doit faciliter une activitĂ© collective par la mise en dĂ©bat des pratiques et des difficultĂ©s individuelles et collectives. Toute la difficultĂ© pour l’intervenant Ă©tant qu’il ne s’appuie pas sur un collectif de travail qui pour autant doit dĂ©velopper un travail collectif. Il s’agit ainsi de contribuer Ă  ce que le dĂ©nominateur commun entre les membres permette d’y intĂ©grer la complexitĂ© du travail et les salariĂ©s. En cela, la conflictualitĂ© et la coopĂ©ration doivent s’articuler autour des situations de travail des salariĂ©s et non uniquement de l’application de la rĂ©glementation

    Comment contribuer au dĂ©veloppement des pratiques des reprĂ©sentants du personnel dans les CHSCT : le cas d’une recherche‑intervention Ă  la SNCF

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    Cet article prĂ©sente les principales conclusions d’une thĂšse en ergonomie portant sur le travail des reprĂ©sentants du personnel dans plusieurs CHSCT de la SNCF. Ces Ă©lĂ©ments sont de nature Ă  Ă©clairer certains dĂ©terminants d’une activitĂ© qu’il s’agit de favoriser, pour qu’elle puisse justement contribuer Ă  l’amĂ©lioration des conditions de travail. AprĂšs une prĂ©sentation du cadre et de la mĂ©thodologie d’une recherche-intervention, nous en prĂ©senterons les principaux enseignements. L’activitĂ© des reprĂ©sentants du personnel est ici considĂ©rĂ©e comme relevant de la rĂ©solution collective de problĂšme de conception. Nous montrerons les difficultĂ©s qu’ils ont Ă  intĂ©grer les salariĂ©s et Ă  mobiliser le travail lors de cette rĂ©solution des problĂ©matiques qui parcourent l’entreprise. Nous pourrons alors dĂ©crire les principaux enjeux mĂ©thodologiques pour des interventions ergonomiques qui se proposent justement de dĂ©velopper la capacitĂ© des reprĂ©sentants du personnel Ă  traiter les questions du travail. Il s’agit de les outiller pour qu’ils puissent penser, agir et dĂ©battre autrement Ă  la fois du travail des salariĂ©s, mais Ă©galement de leur propre travail au sein du CHSCT.This article presents the main conclusions of an ergonomic thesis on the activity of staff representatives in CHSCTs (occupational health and safety committees) at the SNCF. These elements may shed new light on certain determinants of an activity that can be developed to help improve working conditions. After a presentation of the framework and methodology of an intervention-research study, we will present the main lessons learned. The activity of the staff representatives is here considered as a collective resolution of design problems. We will show the difficulties they have in integrating employees and mobilizing work during the resolution of issues that exist throughout the company. We will then be able to describe the main methodological guidelines for ergonomic interventions that aim to develop the capacity of staff representatives to deal with work related issues. It is about providing them with tools so that they can think, act and debate differently about both the work of the employees and their own work

    Search for dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks in √s = 13 TeV pp collisions with the ATLAS detector

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    A search for weakly interacting massive particle dark matter produced in association with bottom or top quarks is presented. Final states containing third-generation quarks and miss- ing transverse momentum are considered. The analysis uses 36.1 fb−1 of proton–proton collision data recorded by the ATLAS experiment at √s = 13 TeV in 2015 and 2016. No significant excess of events above the estimated backgrounds is observed. The results are in- terpreted in the framework of simplified models of spin-0 dark-matter mediators. For colour- neutral spin-0 mediators produced in association with top quarks and decaying into a pair of dark-matter particles, mediator masses below 50 GeV are excluded assuming a dark-matter candidate mass of 1 GeV and unitary couplings. For scalar and pseudoscalar mediators produced in association with bottom quarks, the search sets limits on the production cross- section of 300 times the predicted rate for mediators with masses between 10 and 50 GeV and assuming a dark-matter mass of 1 GeV and unitary coupling. Constraints on colour- charged scalar simplified models are also presented. Assuming a dark-matter particle mass of 35 GeV, mediator particles with mass below 1.1 TeV are excluded for couplings yielding a dark-matter relic density consistent with measurements

    Search for single production of vector-like quarks decaying into Wb in pp collisions at s=8\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Measurements of top-quark pair differential cross-sections in the eÎŒe\mu channel in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV using the ATLAS detector

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    Measurement of the charge asymmetry in top-quark pair production in the lepton-plus-jets final state in pp collision data at s=8 TeV\sqrt{s}=8\,\mathrm TeV{} with the ATLAS detector

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    Measurement of the W boson polarisation in ttˉt\bar{t} events from pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeV in the lepton + jets channel with ATLAS

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    Charged-particle distributions at low transverse momentum in s=13\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV pppp interactions measured with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

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    Measurement of the bb‟b\overline{b} dijet cross section in pp collisions at s=7\sqrt{s} = 7 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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    Search for dark matter in association with a Higgs boson decaying to bb-quarks in pppp collisions at s=13\sqrt s=13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

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