Synthesis of the originally proposed structures of elatenyne and an enyne from Laurencia majuscula

A bidirectional synthesis of the originally proposed structures for the natural products elatenyne and a chloroenyne from Laurencia majuscula is described along with a reassessment of the structures of the halogenated enynes based upon a C-13 NMR chemical shift/structure correlation

Trade-offs between security and inspection capacity - Policy options for land border ports of entry

Security 2006: Transportation Research Record, 1942: pp. 16-22.Observations of primary inspections at land border ports of entry between Ciudad Juarez, Mexico, and El Paso, Texas, indicate that the majority of inspections are of limited depth. 79% of primary inspections do not involve opening a vehicle compartment and 45% last 20 seconds or less. Slightly less than 2% of vehicles are referred to secondary inspections. Three policy options are considered for allowing more thorough primary inspections. The first would require all primary inspections to involve opening a vehicle compartment. This would increase average inspection times from 34 seconds to 70 seconds. The more thorough inspections would reduce the processing capacity of the ports of entry to roughly 50% of current peak hourly demand, creating congestion with the potential to propagate throughout the regional traffic network. The second option would limit the time in primary inspections to 63 seconds. Vehicles requiring more time to complete the inspection process would be referred to secondary inspections which would greatly increase the frequency of referrals to secondary inspections, but allow for the percentage of primary inspections that involve physical inspection of at least one vehicle compartment to be increased to 35%. The third option would increase the number of crossers in the SENTRI program, where pre-screened participants are subject to expedited inspections. Reducing the volume in the non-SENTRI lanes would allow more detailed inspections in these lanes. However, SENTRI participants currently constitute only a small portion of total border crossers. A doubling of the current SENTRI program would be required to raise the average non-SENTRI, primary inspection time from 34 to 40 seconds. This study concludes that none of these options, whether alone or in combination, have the potential to avoid conflicts between national security requirements that favor more detailed inspections and local traffic flow consideration that favor less detailed inspections. However, these strategies are amenable to incremental implementation, and such incremental implementation may increase the thoroughness of the inspection process without interfering with local traffic flows

Performance of the CMS Cathode Strip Chambers with Cosmic Rays

The Cathode Strip Chambers (CSCs) constitute the primary muon tracking device in the CMS endcaps. Their performance has been evaluated using data taken during a cosmic ray run in fall 2008. Measured noise levels are low, with the number of noisy channels well below 1%. Coordinate resolution was measured for all types of chambers, and fall in the range 47 microns to 243 microns. The efficiencies for local charged track triggers, for hit and for segments reconstruction were measured, and are above 99%. The timing resolution per layer is approximately 5 ns

Performance and Operation of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter

The operation and general performance of the CMS electromagnetic calorimeter using cosmic-ray muons are described. These muons were recorded after the closure of the CMS detector in late 2008. The calorimeter is made of lead tungstate crystals and the overall status of the 75848 channels corresponding to the barrel and endcap detectors is reported. The stability of crucial operational parameters, such as high voltage, temperature and electronic noise, is summarised and the performance of the light monitoring system is presented

Performance studies of the CMS strip tracker before installation

Peer reviewe

Calibration of the CMS Drift Tube Chambers and Measurement of the Drift Velocity with Cosmic Rays

Peer reviewe

CMS Data Processing Workflows during an Extended Cosmic Ray Run

Peer reviewe