Efeito da irrigação sobre características produtivas e nutricionais de cinco pastagens perenes de verão cultivadas no sul do Brasil

A utilização de pastagens para a alimentação de ruminantes auxilia na diminuição dos custos de produção, aumentando a viabilidade da atividade, porém em épocas de elevado déficit hídrico, para tentar evitar as perdas de produtividade das forrageiras por estacionalidade, a irrigação surge como alternativa. Com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da irrigação na produção de matéria seca (MS) e teores de proteína bruta (PB) de cinco pastagens perenes de verão, conduziu-se um experimento fatorial em blocos casualizados, com dois blocos (sistema irrigado e não irrigado) e quatro repetições de cinco pastagens (Cynodon ssp. cv. Tifton 85, Cynodon dactilon sp. cv. Jiggs, Brachiaria brizantha cv. MG5 Vitória, Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Áries, e Pennisetum purpureum Schum. cv. Pioneiro), totalizando 40 parcelas de 2,25 m2 (1,5 m x 1,5 m), com um metro de espaçamento entre si. Através de um quadrado de 0,25 m² (50 cm x 50 cm), lançado aleatoriamente em cada parcela, foram coletadas através de simulação de pastejo, as amostras das cultivares. Verificou-se que nas condições climáticas do sul do Brasil, as cultivares dos gêneros Pennisetum purpureum cv. Pioneiro, Brachiaria brizanta cv. MG5 Vitória e Panicum maximum Jacq. cv. Áries apresentaram melhores rendimentos produtivos no sistema irrigado, enquanto a Cynodon dactilon sp. cv. Jiggs e Cynodon ssp. cv. Tifton 85 piores resultados

Diagnósticos etiológicos e anemias em idosos por análise laboral

A anemia se constitui, segundo a OMS, uma condição de saúde em que a hemoglobina está abaixo do índice esperado de acordo com idade e sexo do indivíduo, tendo como causa diversas fisiopartologias. Em idosos, considerando-se pessoas acima de 65 anos, segundo a OMS, a anemia se torna mais prevalente e por isso deve-se atentar a um laborioso diagnóstico, uma vez que a maioria dos idosos possuem ao menos uma doença crônica e é corrente a falta de ferro e vitaminas nesses indivíduos. Objetivo: pretende-se avaliar a frequência, em idosos, de anemias por carência de ferro e anemias por doenças crônicas e como diferenciá-las quanto aos critérios clínicos e laboratoriais. Metodologia: o trabalho será uma pesquisa quantitativa e qualitativa, prospectiva, do tipo descritiva e analítica, com levantamento de dados no Ambulatório Universitário Central e no Hospital Dia do Idoso, com posterior análise clínica e laboratorial dos materiais coletados, no Laboratório Genoma. Resultados esperados: espera-se encontrar cerca de 15% de idosos anêmicos. Entre aqueles que são anêmicos, espera-se que 35% deles tenha anemias carenciais e 35% tenha anemia por doenças crônicas, já que cada uma dessas doenças corresponde a um terço das causas de anemia na população idosa. Dentre as anemias carenciais, espera-se que metade delas seja causada por deficiência de ferro

Uma capitania dos novos tempos: economia, sociedade e política na São Paulo restaurada (1765-1822)

O artigo reflete sobre a trajetória da Capitania de São Paulo, a partir de 1750, apontando sua transformação, de fronteira e "boca do sertão", para território estratégico da conquista e defesa das partes meridionais e área economicamente integrada aos circuitos mercantis atlânticos.In this article, we reflect upon the history of the Captaincy of São Paulo as from 1750, drawing attention to its transformation from frontier land and "door to the backcountry" into a territory of strategic value for the purposes of conquest and defense of the southern regions, and economically integrated into the Atlantic trade routes

Cartografia e diplomacia: usos geopolíticos da informação toponímica (1750-1850)

O artigo explora dimensões geopolíticas da toponímia, registradas em documentos cartográficos, desde as reformas empreendidas pelo consulado pombalino em meados do século XVIII, até às primeiras décadas do século XIX, em meio ao processo de afirmação do Estado imperial pós-colonial.This paper explores the geopolitical dimensions of toponymy as registered in cartographic documents dating from the reforms pushed through by the consulate of Marquis of Pombal in the mid 18th century to the early decades of the 19th century, as the post-colonial imperial State established itself

Entre o oficial e o costumeiro: o exercício dos poderes e a espacialização da ruralidade no centro da América do Sul (primeira metade do século XVIII)

Analisamos aqui a relação entre o sistema administrativo português e a formação de ambientes rurais no centro da América do Sul, em territórios que, na primeira metade do século XVIII, integravam o extremo oeste do Estado do Brasil, no âmbito administrativo da capitania de São Paulo. A partir de um enfoque local, examinando correspondências entre autoridades metropolitanas e cartas de sesmarias, este artigo dialoga com a produção histórica sobre a administração portuguesa na América, buscando reconstruir aspectos generalizantes que possam revelar características estruturais da conquista da terra e da formação de ambientes rurais nos territórios portugueses na América.In this article we analyze the relationship between the Portuguese administrative system and formation of rural environments in the center of South America, in territories that in the first half of the eighteenth century comprised the extreme western part of the State of Brazil, under the administrative captaincy of Sao Paulo. From a local focus, analizing letters of metropolitan authorities and documentation of possession of land, this article dialogue with the historical production of the Portuguese administration in America, seeking rebuild generalizing aspects that may prove structural characteristics of the conquest of land and training of rural environments in Portuguese territories in America

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia