Frecuencia de hipertensión arterial sistémica en perros con sobrepeso u obesidad y sus patologías asociadas

La obesidad es una enfermedad relacionada con diferentes alteraciones metabólicas como ladislipidemia (hipercolesterolemia e hipertrigliceridemia), resistencia a la insulina ehipertensión arterial sistémica (HTA). El humano con obesidad y la presencia de dos de estasalteraciones, es denominado como un caso de síndrome metabólico (SM) en el que cobrainterés el mecanismo fisiopatológico del proceso obesidad-hipertensión. En medicinaveterinaria estas alteraciones metabólicas relacionadas han sido poco estudiadas y se handefinido con el término obesidad relacionada con alteraciones metabólicas (ORAM).En este trabajo se estudió la relación entre la obesidad natural y la hipertensión arterial en losperros, además de analizar la frecuencia de ORAM en esta especie.Fueron estudiados 244 perros, obesos y otros con una condición corporal ideal (grupo control),en ambos grupos se encontraron individuos considerados sanos y otros con diferentespatologías algunas relacionadas fisiopatológicamente con la HTA.Encontramos una frecuencia del 57% de sobrepeso u obesidad en los casos estudiados,observando una mayor frecuencia en los animales entre los 6 y 10 años de edad, los perros dela raza Labrador presentaron una mayor probabilidad de ser obesos con respecto a otras razas,los casos de obesidad tuvieron una mayor frecuencia de enfermedades dermatológicas,endocrinopatías y enfermedad periodontal que los perros del grupo control.En los perros obesos se demostró que el 29.6% de ellos cumplieron con las características paraconsiderarse con ORAM, encontrando la asociacion de hipercolesterolemia e hiperglucemiacon una mayor frecuencia.El 12.94% de los perros obesos y el 15.23% de los perros del grupo control presentaron HTA.No se encontró una asociación estadística de HTA con la raza, el sexo, el estado gonadal ó laedad. Los perros obesos presentaron una mayor frecuencia de HTA de riesgo mínimo amoderado (130-179 mmHg de presion arterial sistólica); y los perros del grupo control con unamayor probabilidad de padecer HTA en riesgo severo (>180 mmHg) especialmente en loscasos clínicos con la presencia de enfermedades que pueden desarrollar HTA como laenfermedad renal crónica.En base a nuestros resultados consideramos que en el caso de los perros la obesidad no es unfactor de riesgo para presentar HTA; por lo tanto fisiopatológicamente el proceso obesidadhipertensiónno se comporta igual que en el humano

Obesity-hypertension and its relation to other diseases in dogs

Obesity is a chronic disease in which adipose tissue accumulates in such a way that it affects the health of the patient and is associated with a myriad of alterations such as systemic hypertension (HTN). The mechanisms by which obesity causes HTN are complex and involve several organic mechanisms. The objective of this study was to determine the correlation between obesity to HTN in dogs in accordance with recent international protocols (systolic blood pressure >160 mmHg) relating to age, genre, gonadal status, breed and other diseases commonly associated with HTN. A total of 244 dogs were studied, 105 non-obese controls and 139 in the obese group. For both groups, healthy and a variety of diseased dogs were observed; the correlations between pathologies and obesity were studied, paying special atten- tion to diseases whose pathophysiologies could lead to HTN. We conclude that obesity is not a risk factor for dogs to develop HTN, and that HTN present in these patients was related to comorbidities such as chronic kidney disease, cardiopathies and endocrinopathies.Párez-Sánchez AP fué becaria del Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología (CONACyT) por la beca proporcionada durante el periodo de Estudios de Maestría en Ciencias Agropecuarias y Recursos Naturales de la UAEMex

¿Por qué y cómo medir la presión arterial en perros y gatos conscientes?

La de nición de una Presión arterial (PA) normal en perros y gatos es difícil, ya que puede haber variaciones dependiendo de la especie, sexo, edad y la raza; así que los valores deben de interpretarse en base a las características especí cas del paciente y de la condición siológica o patológica presente. En la literatura se han reportado rangos de normalidad para la PAS de 110 a 160 mmHg, y para la PA diastólica de entre 55 a 110 mmHg en los perros; y para los gatos 120 a 160 mmHg de PA sistólica y de 70 a 120 mmHg de PAD. En los perros y gatos conscientes los valores de PAS son los que se utilizan como referencia de la PA, esto debido a que la primera técnica utilizada para medir la PA de forma no invasiva fue el sistema Doppler con el que generalmente solo es posible medir la PAS; además es raro existan alteraciones de la PAD de forma aislada. Cabe mencionar que en el monitoreo trans-anestésico la PA media es el principal indicador de la PA

Abordaje diagnóstico del gato con enfermedad del tracto urinario

ABORDAJE DIAGNÓSTICO DEL GATO CON ENFERMEDAD DEL TRACTO URINARIOLas enfermedades del tracto urinario caudal de los gatos (ETUCG) son un grupo de patologías que afectan a la vejiga y/o uretra, manifestándose por la presencia de signos clínicos del tracto urinario caudal; estas se pueden mostrar con cuadros obstructivos o no obstructivos. Su abordaje diagnóstico implica un proceso sistemático basado en los hallazgos de los estudios epidemiológicos

Penilaian Kinerja Keuangan Koperasi di Kabupaten Pelalawan

This paper describe development and financial performance of cooperative in District Pelalawan among 2007 - 2008. Studies on primary and secondary cooperative in 12 sub-districts. Method in this stady use performance measuring of productivity, efficiency, growth, liquidity, and solvability of cooperative. Productivity of cooperative in Pelalawan was highly but efficiency still low. Profit and income were highly, even liquidity of cooperative very high, and solvability was good

Juxtaposing BTE and ATE – on the role of the European insurance industry in funding civil litigation

One of the ways in which legal services are financed, and indeed shaped, is through private insurance arrangement. Two contrasting types of legal expenses insurance contracts (LEI) seem to dominate in Europe: before the event (BTE) and after the event (ATE) legal expenses insurance. Notwithstanding institutional differences between different legal systems, BTE and ATE insurance arrangements may be instrumental if government policy is geared towards strengthening a market-oriented system of financing access to justice for individuals and business. At the same time, emphasizing the role of a private industry as a keeper of the gates to justice raises issues of accountability and transparency, not readily reconcilable with demands of competition. Moreover, multiple actors (clients, lawyers, courts, insurers) are involved, causing behavioural dynamics which are not easily predicted or influenced. Against this background, this paper looks into BTE and ATE arrangements by analysing the particularities of BTE and ATE arrangements currently available in some European jurisdictions and by painting a picture of their respective markets and legal contexts. This allows for some reflection on the performance of BTE and ATE providers as both financiers and keepers. Two issues emerge from the analysis that are worthy of some further reflection. Firstly, there is the problematic long-term sustainability of some ATE products. Secondly, the challenges faced by policymakers that would like to nudge consumers into voluntarily taking out BTE LEI

Severe early onset preeclampsia: short and long term clinical, psychosocial and biochemical aspects

Preeclampsia is a pregnancy specific disorder commonly defined as de novo hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks gestational age. It occurs in approximately 3-5% of pregnancies and it is still a major cause of both foetal and maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide1. As extensive research has not yet elucidated the aetiology of preeclampsia, there are no rational preventive or therapeutic interventions available. The only rational treatment is delivery, which benefits the mother but is not in the interest of the foetus, if remote from term. Early onset preeclampsia (<32 weeks’ gestational age) occurs in less than 1% of pregnancies. It is, however often associated with maternal morbidity as the risk of progression to severe maternal disease is inversely related with gestational age at onset2. Resulting prematurity is therefore the main cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in patients with severe preeclampsia3. Although the discussion is ongoing, perinatal survival is suggested to be increased in patients with preterm preeclampsia by expectant, non-interventional management. This temporising treatment option to lengthen pregnancy includes the use of antihypertensive medication to control hypertension, magnesium sulphate to prevent eclampsia and corticosteroids to enhance foetal lung maturity4. With optimal maternal haemodynamic status and reassuring foetal condition this results on average in an extension of 2 weeks. Prolongation of these pregnancies is a great challenge for clinicians to balance between potential maternal risks on one the eve hand and possible foetal benefits on the other. Clinical controversies regarding prolongation of preterm preeclamptic pregnancies still exist – also taking into account that preeclampsia is the leading cause of maternal mortality in the Netherlands5 - a debate which is even more pronounced in very preterm pregnancies with questionable foetal viability6-9. Do maternal risks of prolongation of these very early pregnancies outweigh the chances of neonatal survival? Counselling of women with very early onset preeclampsia not only comprises of knowledge of the outcome of those particular pregnancies, but also knowledge of outcomes of future pregnancies of these women is of major clinical importance. This thesis opens with a review of the literature on identifiable risk factors of preeclampsia

Search for stop and higgsino production using diphoton Higgs boson decays

Results are presented of a search for a "natural" supersymmetry scenario with gauge mediated symmetry breaking. It is assumed that only the supersymmetric partners of the top-quark (stop) and the Higgs boson (higgsino) are accessible. Events are examined in which there are two photons forming a Higgs boson candidate, and at least two b-quark jets. In 19.7 inverse femtobarns of proton-proton collision data at sqrt(s) = 8 TeV, recorded in the CMS experiment, no evidence of a signal is found and lower limits at the 95% confidence level are set, excluding the stop mass below 360 to 410 GeV, depending on the higgsino mass

Differential cross section measurements for the production of a W boson in association with jets in proton–proton collisions at √s = 7 TeV

Measurements are reported of differential cross sections for the production of a W boson, which decays into a muon and a neutrino, in association with jets, as a function of several variables, including the transverse momenta (pT) and pseudorapidities of the four leading jets, the scalar sum of jet transverse momenta (HT), and the difference in azimuthal angle between the directions of each jet and the muon. The data sample of pp collisions at a centre-of-mass energy of 7 TeV was collected with the CMS detector at the LHC and corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 5.0 fb[superscript −1]. The measured cross sections are compared to predictions from Monte Carlo generators, MadGraph + pythia and sherpa, and to next-to-leading-order calculations from BlackHat + sherpa. The differential cross sections are found to be in agreement with the predictions, apart from the pT distributions of the leading jets at high pT values, the distributions of the HT at high-HT and low jet multiplicity, and the distribution of the difference in azimuthal angle between the leading jet and the muon at low values.United States. Dept. of EnergyNational Science Foundation (U.S.)Alfred P. Sloan Foundatio

Optimasi Portofolio Resiko Menggunakan Model Markowitz MVO Dikaitkan dengan Keterbatasan Manusia dalam Memprediksi Masa Depan dalam Perspektif Al-Qur`an

Risk portfolio on modern finance has become increasingly technical, requiring the use of sophisticated mathematical tools in both research and practice. Since companies cannot insure themselves completely against risk, as human incompetence in predicting the future precisely that written in Al-Quran surah Luqman verse 34, they have to manage it to yield an optimal portfolio. The objective here is to minimize the variance among all portfolios, or alternatively, to maximize expected return among all portfolios that has at least a certain expected return. Furthermore, this study focuses on optimizing risk portfolio so called Markowitz MVO (Mean-Variance Optimization). Some theoretical frameworks for analysis are arithmetic mean, geometric mean, variance, covariance, linear programming, and quadratic programming. Moreover, finding a minimum variance portfolio produces a convex quadratic programming, that is minimizing the objective function ðð¥with constraintsð ð 𥠥 ðandð´ð¥ = ð. The outcome of this research is the solution of optimal risk portofolio in some investments that could be finished smoothly using MATLAB R2007b software together with its graphic analysis