Medición de indicadores de desarrollo sostenible en Venezuela : propuesta metodológica

En las últimas cuatro décadas se ha propuesto al desarrollo sostenible como la opción viable que asegura crecimiento económico, equidad social y preservación del medio ambiente para satisfacer las necesidades del hombre en el presente y en el futuro. En 1992 las naciones del mundo adoptaron la Agenda 21, un plan a favor del desarrollo sostenible. En dicha agenda se expresa la necesidad de monitorear la evolución de este tipo de desarrollo a través del uso de indicadores. En este trabajo se presenta una recopilación de experiencias en Venezuela en la medición del desarrollo sostenible a través del uso de indicadores, y se presentan una propuesta metodológica basada en técnicas estadísticas para la obtención de un indicador de desarrollo sostenible para este país.During the last four decades it has been proposed sustainable development as a viable option for ensuring economic growth, social equity and environment preservation in order to meet human needs in the present and in the future. In 1992 the world's nations had adopted Agenda 21, a plan for the sustainable development. In this agenda it is expressed the need for monitoring the evolution of this type of development through the use of indicators. This paper presents a collection of experiences in Venezuela for the measurement of sustainable development through the use of indicators and also presents a methodological approach based on statistical techniques for obtaining a sustainable development indicator for this country

Medición de Indicadores de Desarrollo Sostenible en Venezuela : Propuesta Metodológica

During the last four decades it has been proposed sustainable development as a viable option for ensuring economic growth, social equity and environment preservation in order to meet human needs in the present and in the future. In 1992 the world's nations had adopted Agenda 21, a plan for the sustainable development. In this agenda it is expressed the need for monitoring the evolution of this type of development through the use of indicators. This paper presents a collection of experiences in Venezuela for the measurement of sustainable development through the use of indicators and also presents a methodological approach based on statistical techniques for obtaining a sustainable development indicator for this country.En las últimas cuatro décadas se ha propuesto al desarrollo sostenible como la opción viable que asegura crecimiento económico, equidad social y preservación del medio ambiente para satisfacer las necesidades del hombre en el presente y en el futuro. En 1992 las naciones del mundo adoptaron la Agenda 21, un plan a favor del desarrollo sostenible. En dicha agenda se expresa la necesidad de monitorear la evolución de este tipo de desarrollo a través del uso de indicadores. En este trabajo se presenta una recopilación de experiencias en Venezuela en la medición del desarrollo sostenible a través del uso de indicadores, y se presentan una propuesta metodológica basada en técnicas estadísticas para la obtención de un indicador de desarrollo sostenible para este país

Propuesta de indicador de desarrollo sostenible para la república bolivariana de Venezuela

Desde hace más de treinta años en la comunidad internacional se está abordando el tema del desarrollo sostenible, y los límites que impone el medio físico natural para que se produzca un crecimiento armónico entre los factores económicos y sociales, entre ellos la dinámica poblacional con el medio ambiente. Desde la acogida de la definición de este tipo desarrollo, se ha señalado que debe medirse a través del uso de indicadores para determinar el nivel de sostenibilidad y su evolución en el tiempo, y al mismo tiempo permitir la definición de políticas o estrategias en pro del bienestar del hombre en armonía con el ambiente que lo rodea. Diversos organismos internacionales entre los que destaca Naciones Unidas, han propuesto un marco ordenador de indicadores para medir el desarrollo sostenible, y en el caso de las Naciones Unidas el marco es de temas y subtemas. A la fecha de este estudio no se reporta para Venezuela un indicador de desarrollo sostenible. Es por ello que el objetivo de la investigación consiste en proponer una metodología estadística para la obtención de un indicador sintético de desarrollo sostenible para Venezuela para el periodo 2006 - 2009. La selección del periodo en estudio corresponde a la disposición de información en las dimensiones social, ambiental, económica e institucional. La metodología propuesta consta de una serie de pasos que incluyen análisis estadístico univariante y multivariante. Es una metodología bietápica ya que primero se obtienen los indicadores parciales para cada dimensión y luego el indicador sintético. En esta investigación se proponen dos tipos de indicadores: un indicador agregativo ponderado basado en componentes principales (ISDS), y dos indicadores basados en el concepto de distancia, la distancia de Ivanovic (DI) y la distancia DP2 . Conjuntamente se realiza una adaptación del barómetro de la sostenibilidad para asignar a cada Estado de Venezuela un nivel de sostenibilidad en los cuatro años incluidos en el estudio

Comparative life cycle assessment of Li-Sulphur and Li-ion batteries for electric vehicles

Nowadays, most of the electric vehicles (EVs) are powered by Lithium-ion (Li-ion) batteries due to their high energy density, higher power density and degree of development relative to other battery technologies. As Li-ion technology evolves and the EVs fleet increases, it is important to understand the environmental impacts of mass- producing the battery packs for EVs. However, with 80-150 Wh/kg energy density, current Li-ion batteries are not able to power the EVs for a comparable driving range with conventional vehicles. Lithium-sulphur (Li-S) batteries have emerged as promising battery technology, with a higher theoretical capacity and energy density than Li-ion batteries used today. Moreover, Li-S batteries presumably present a lower environmental profile due to their chemical composition compared to Li-ion ones. To verify this statement, this study performs a life cycle assessment (LCA) of Li-S battery cells (under industrial development at the moment) that have been scaled up accordingly to estimate their performance as a battery for EVs. This comparison will provide the impact of each battery and the potential benefits in terms of environmental impact indicator values of the Li-S technology. The impacts of the Li-S battery are compared with those of a Nickel-Cobalt-Manganese (NCM) battery under the same driving distance. The environmental impact assessment results show that Li-S batteries present a most favourable environmental profile compared to NCM batteries, especially in the natural resource depletion categories where the Li-S battery has 70%-90% lower values compared to the Li-ion one.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version

De NovoSan Luis Valley Syndrome-like der(8) Chromosome With a Concomitant dup(8p22) in a Mexican Girl

The rec(8)dup(8q)inv(8)(p23.1q22.1) chromosome associated with San Luis Valley Syndrome (SLVS OMIM 179613) is usually diagnosed in Hispanic patients from the USA Southwest where a founder carrier Spaniard lived around 1800 [1, 2]. This rec(8) has an 8q duplication of 47.90 Mb and an 8p deletion of 11.65 Mb [3, 4]. Excluding two de novo rec(8)dup q chromosomes characterized only by G-bands and included in a recent compilation [5], cytogenomic analyses identified nine comparable de novo der(8)dup q/del p chromosomes with or without a simultaneous 8p gain. We describe a Mexican mestizo girl with a de novo SLVS-like der(8) but with a concomitant 8p22p23.1 duplicatio

Evaluating assumptions of scales for subjective assessment of thermal environments – Do laypersons perceive them the way, we researchers believe?

International audienc

Neuregulin-1 promotes functional improvement by enhancing collateral sprouting in SOD1G93A ALS mice and after partial muscle denervation

Altres ajuts: Fundació La Marato-TV3(TV3201428-10), AFM-Telethon (Nrg14ALS)Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive degeneration of motoneurons, which is preceded by loss of neuromuscular connections in a "dying back" process. Neuregulin-1 (Nrg1) is a neurotrophic factor essential for the development and maintenance of neuromuscular junctions, and Nrg1 receptor ErbB4 loss-of-function mutations have been reported as causative for ALS. Our main goal was to investigate the role of Nrg1 type I (Nrg1-I) in SOD1G93A mice muscles. We overexpressed Nrg1-I by means of an adeno-associated viral (AAV) vector, and investigated its effect by means of neurophysiological techniques assessing neuromuscular function, as well as molecular approaches (RT-PCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry, ELISA) to determine the mechanisms underlying Nrg1-I action. AAV-Nrg1-I intramuscular administration promoted motor axon collateral sprouting by acting on terminal Schwann cells, preventing denervation of the injected muscles through Akt and ERK1/2 pathways. We further used a model of muscle partial denervation by transecting the L4 spinal nerve. AAV-Nrg1-I intramuscular injection enhanced muscle reinnervation by collateral sprouting, whereas administration of lapatinib (ErbB receptor inhibitor) completely blocked it. We demonstrated that Nrg1-I plays a crucial role in the collateral reinnervation process, opening a new window for developing novel ALS therapies for functional recovery rather than preservation

One-year breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection and correlates of protection in fully vaccinated hematological patients

The long-term clinical efficacy of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines according to antibody response in immunosuppressed patients such as hematological patients has been little explored. A prospective multicenter registry-based cohort study conducted from December 2020 to July 2022 by the Spanish Transplant and Cell Therapy group, was used to analyze the relationship of antibody response over time after full vaccination (at 3-6 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months) (2 doses) and of booster doses with breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection in 1551 patients with hematological disorders. At a median follow-up of 388 days after complete immunization, 266 out of 1551 (17%) developed breakthrough SARS-CoV-2 infection at median of 86 days (range 7-391) after full vaccination. The cumulative incidence was 18% [95% confidence interval (C.I.), 16-20%]. Multivariate analysis identified higher incidence in chronic lymphocytic leukemia patients (29%) and with the use of corticosteroids (24.5%), whereas female sex (15.5%) and more than 1 year after last therapy (14%) were associated with a lower incidence (p < 0.05 for all comparisons). Median antibody titers at different time points were significantly lower in breakthrough cases than in non-cases. A serological titer cut-off of 250 BAU/mL was predictive of breakthrough infection and its severity. SARS-CoV-2 infection-related mortality was encouragingly low (1.9%) in our series. Our study describes the incidence of and risk factors for COVID-19 breakthrough infections during the initial vaccination and booster doses in the 2021 to mid-2022 period. The level of antibody titers at any time after 2-dose vaccination is strongly linked with protection against both breakthrough infection and severe disease, even with the Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant

The Fourteenth Data Release of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey: First Spectroscopic Data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey and from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment

The fourth generation of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS-IV) has been in operation since July 2014. This paper describes the second data release from this phase, and the fourteenth from SDSS overall (making this, Data Release Fourteen or DR14). This release makes public data taken by SDSS-IV in its first two years of operation (July 2014-2016). Like all previous SDSS releases, DR14 is cumulative, including the most recent reductions and calibrations of all data taken by SDSS since the first phase began operations in 2000. New in DR14 is the first public release of data from the extended Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (eBOSS); the first data from the second phase of the Apache Point Observatory (APO) Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE-2), including stellar parameter estimates from an innovative data driven machine learning algorithm known as "The Cannon"; and almost twice as many data cubes from the Mapping Nearby Galaxies at APO (MaNGA) survey as were in the previous release (N = 2812 in total). This paper describes the location and format of the publicly available data from SDSS-IV surveys. We provide references to the important technical papers describing how these data have been taken (both targeting and observation details) and processed for scientific use. The SDSS website (www.sdss.org) has been updated for this release, and provides links to data downloads, as well as tutorials and examples of data use. SDSS-IV is planning to continue to collect astronomical data until 2020, and will be followed by SDSS-V.Comment: SDSS-IV collaboration alphabetical author data release paper. DR14 happened on 31st July 2017. 19 pages, 5 figures. Accepted by ApJS on 28th Nov 2017 (this is the "post-print" and "post-proofs" version; minor corrections only from v1, and most of errors found in proofs corrected

Nutrición parenteral domiciliaria en España, 2019: informe del Grupo de Nutrición Artificial Domiciliaria y Ambulatoria NADYA

RESUMEN Objetivo: comunicar los datos de nutrición parenteral domiciliaria (NPD) obtenidos del registro del grupo NADYA-SENPE (www.nadyasenpe.com) del año 2019. Material y métodos: análisis descriptivo de los datos recogidos de pacientes adultos y pediátricos con NPD en el registro NADYA-SENPE desde el 1 de enero al 31 de diciembre de 2019. Resultados: se registraron 283 pacientes (51,9 %, mujeres), 31 niños y 252 adultos procedentes de 47 hospitales españoles, lo que representa una tasa de prevalencia de 6,01 pacientes/millón de habitantes/año 2019. El diagnóstico más frecuente en los adultos fue “oncológico paliativo” y “otros” (21,0 %). En los niños fue la enfermedad de Hirschsprung junto a la enterocolitis necrotizante, las alteraciones de la motilidad intestinal y la pseudoobstrucción intestinal crónica, con 4 casos cada uno (12,9 %). El primer motivo de indicación fue el síndrome del intestino corto tanto en los niños (51,6 %) como en los adultos (37,3 %). El tipo de catéter más utilizado fue el tunelizado tanto en los niños (75,9 %) como en los adultos (40,8 %). Finalizaron 68 episodios, todos en adultos: la causa más frecuente fue el fallecimiento (54,4 %). Pasaron a la vía oral el 38,2 %. Conclusiones: el número de centros y profesionales colaboradores con el registro NADYA va incrementándose. Se mantienen estables las principales indicaciones y los motivos de finalización de la NPD