Mejoramiento de la eficiencia productiva de caprinos de leche de la zona norte de la provincia de Córdoba por el control de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (Red Pictor)

En el norte de la Provincia de Córdoba, la progresiva intensificación de la producción láctea caprina, debido al fuerte incentivo desde áreas gubernamentales, ha dado como resultado la aparición de algunos problemas sanitarios que generalmente pasan desapercibidos cuando las condiciones productivas se desarrollan en sistemas extensivos y muy rudimentarios. Se comienzan a visualizar problemas sanitarios-productivos inherentes a sistemas de mayor eficiencia y derivados de una mayor carga animal y productividad individual como son las parasitosis por nematodes gastrointestinales y las mastitis. El control químico de ambas afecciones se está llevando a cabo en forma totalmente empírica y con un uso indiscriminado e irracional de antimicrobianos y antiparasitarios, con fracasos terapéuticos, aparición de residuos y sin control de tiempos de retiro. En este contexto, además de las pérdidas productivas, existe un riesgo real de enviar leche al consumo o a la industrialización con concentraciones importantes de antibióticos y/o antiparasitarios. Por todo ello, con este proyecto nos planteamos como objetivos identificar principales especies bacterianas y parasitarias que infectan a nuestros rodeos caprinos; identificar los antimicrobianos y antiparasitarios que se utilizan; realizar los mismos estudios de eficacia, farmacocinética y de resistencia, siendo los beneficiarios directos de estos resultados los productores, el profesional veterinario, los consumidores y la industria láctea

Mejoramiento de la eficiencia productiva de caprinos de leche de la zona norte de la provincia de Córdoba por el control de enfermedades infecciosas y parasitarias (Red Pictor)

En el norte de la Provincia de Córdoba, la progresiva intensificación de la producción láctea caprina, debido al fuerte incentivo desde áreas gubernamentales, ha dado como resultado la aparición de algunos problemas sanitarios que generalmente pasan desapercibidos cuando las condiciones productivas se desarrollan en sistemas extensivos y muy rudimentarios. Se comienzan a visualizar problemas sanitarios-productivos inherentes a sistemas de mayor eficiencia y derivados de una mayor carga animal y productividad individual como son las parasitosis por nematodes gastrointestinales y las mastitis. El control químico de ambas afecciones se está llevando a cabo en forma totalmente empírica y con un uso indiscriminado e irracional de antimicrobianos y antiparasitarios, con fracasos terapéuticos, aparición de residuos y sin control de tiempos de retiro. En este contexto, además de las pérdidas productivas, existe un riesgo real de enviar leche al consumo o a la industrialización con concentraciones importantes de antibióticos y/o antiparasitarios. Por todo ello, con este proyecto nos planteamos como objetivos identificar principales especies bacterianas y parasitarias que infectan a nuestros rodeos caprinos; identificar los antimicrobianos y antiparasitarios que se utilizan; realizar los mismos estudios de eficacia, farmacocinética y de resistencia, siendo los beneficiarios directos de estos resultados los productores, el profesional veterinario, los consumidores y la industria láctea.Fil: Boggio, Juan Carlos. Universidad Católica de Córdoba.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Litterio, Nicolás Javier. Universidad Católica de Córdoba.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Lorenzutti, Augusto Matías. Universidad Católica de Córdoba.Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentin

Respuesta al tratamiento de la Enfermedad de Graves-Basedow en pacientes pediátricos

Objectives: To describe the clinical and biochemical response to treatment of hyperthyroidism. Design: Retrospective study. Setting: Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Peru. Participants: children. Methods: From 1996 to 2007 32 patients with diagnosis of hyperthyroidism were studied. Remission was defined when patients were asymptomatic and biochemically euthyroid 6 months after the end of treatment; relapse when altered hormone levels were found after this period of time. Main outcome measures: Remission or relapse following treatment. Results: Mean age at diagnosis was 10.5 years (3.2-17.9 years), 26 patients (81.2 %) were female; 13 (40.6 %) were pubertal and 18 (59.3%) prepubertal. The most frequent symptoms and signs were: goiter, sweating, nervousness, weight loss, tachycardia and exophthalmos. Methimazole was used as first therapeutic option. Initial dose was 0.78mg/kg/day (0.41-2mg/kg/day) average. TSH (57.1%) and FT4 (50%) reached normal values between 6 and 8 months. Remission was observed in 11 patients (34.3%), 3 (9.3%) relapsed, 12 (37.5%) then received treatment with radioiodine (I-131) and 6 (18.7%) continued receiving methimazole. Remission was achieved after 2.81 ± 0.91 years of treatment (range 1.5-4.8), 4.1% after the first year, and 35.3 %, 37.5 % and 25 % respectively after the second, third and fourth year of treatment. Average age of those receiving I-131 was 14.6 years (7.1-19.6 years), at a dose about 7mCi; 75% of them showed remission after 0.64 ± 0.60 year (range 0.16-1.5 years). Conclusions: Hyperthyroidism due to Graves disease is relatively common in children. Remission was obtained in 34.3% of patients treated with methimazole in 2.81 ± 0.91 years average and remission was achieved in 75% of patients treated with I131, in 0.64 + / - 0.60 years average.Objetivos: Describir la respuesta clínica y bioquímica al tratamiento del hipertiroidismo por enfermedad de Graves en pacientes pediátricos. Diseño: Estudio retrospectivo. Institución: Instituto Nacional de Salud del Niño, Lima, Perú. Participantes: Niños con enfermedad de Graves. Métodos: Se incluyó 32 pacientes con diagnóstico de hipertiroidismo por Enfermedad de Graves, entre 1996 a 2007. Se consideró remisión, cuando se encontraban asintomáticos y bioquímicamente eutiroideos, luego de 6 meses de suspendido el tratamiento; y recaída, si luego de este periodo de tiempo, se encontró valores hormonales alterados. Principales medidas de resultados: Remisión o recaída luego del tratamiento. Resultados: Al diagnóstico, la edad promedio fue 10,5 años (3,2 a 17,9 años); 26 pacientes (81,2%) fueron de sexo femenino, 13 (40,6%) púberes y 19 (59,3) pre-púberes. Los síntomas y signos más frecuentes fueron bocio, sudoración, nerviosismo, pérdida de peso, taquicardia y exoftalmos. Se usó metimazol como primera opción terapéutica a una dosis inicial promedio de 0,78 mg/kg/ día (0,4 a 2 mg/kg/día). La TSH (57,1%) y el T4L (50%) alcanzaron valores normales entre los 6 y 8 meses. Se observó remisión en 11 pacientes (34,3%), 3 (9,3%) sufrieron recaída, 12 (37,5%) pasaron a tratamiento con radioyodo (I131) y 6 (18,7%) continuaron recibiendo metimazol. La remisión de la enfermedad se alcanzó a los 2,81± 0,91 años de tratamiento (rango de 1.5 a 4,8); 4,1% remitió luego del primer año, y 35,3%, 37,5% y 25% luego del segundo, tercer y cuarto año de tratamiento, respectivamente. La edad promedio de los que recibieron I131 fue 14,6 años (7,1 a 19,6 años), a una dosis alrededor de 7mCi. El 75% de ellos remitió a los 0,64± 0,60 años (rango de 0,16 a 1,5 años). Conclusiones: El hipertiroidismo por enfermedad de Graves es de relativa frecuencia en pediatría. Se obtuvo remisión en 34,3% de pacientes tratados con metimazol en un tiempo promedio de 2,81± 0,91 años y se alcanzó remisión en 75% de los tratados con I131, en un tiempo promedio de 0,64+/- 0,60 años

Towards sustainable partnerships in global health: the case of the CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases in Peru.

Human capital requires opportunities to develop and capacity to overcome challenges, together with an enabling environment that fosters critical and disruptive innovation. Exploring such features is necessary to establish the foundation of solid long-term partnerships. In this paper we describe the experience of the CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases, based at Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia in Lima, Peru, as a case study for fostering meaningful and sustainable partnerships for international collaborative research. The CRONICAS Centre of Excellence in Chronic Diseases was established in 2009 with the following Mission: "We support the development of young researchers and collaboration with national and international institutions. Our motivation is to improve population's health through high quality research." The Centre's identity is embedded in its core values - generosity, innovation, integrity, and quality- and its trajectory is a result of various interactions between multiple individuals, collaborators, teams, and institutions, which together with the challenges confronted, enables us to make an objective assessment of the partnership we would like to pursue, nurture and support. We do not intend to provide a single example of a successful partnership, but in contrast, to highlight what can be translated into opportunities to be faced by research groups based in low- and middle-income countries, and how these encounters can provide a strong platform for fruitful and sustainable partnerships. In defiant contexts, partnerships require to be nurtured and sustained. Acknowledging that all partnerships are not and should not be the same, we also need to learn from the evolution of such relationships, its key successes, hurdles and failures to contribute to the promotion of a culture of global solidarity where mutual goals, mutual gains, as well as mutual responsibilities are the norm. In so doing, we will all contribute to instil a new culture where expectations, roles and interactions among individuals and their teams are horizontal, the true nature of partnerships

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = −0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.publishedVersio

Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic.Peer reviewe

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (vol 13, 517, 2022) : National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (517), 10.1038/s41467-021-27668-9)

Publisher Copyright: © The Author(s) 2022.In this article the author name ‘Agustin Ibanez’ was incorrectly written as ‘Augustin Ibanez’. The original article has been corrected.Peer reviewe

National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic.

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors associated with public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the COVID-19 pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -0.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics