Incorporation of the "ABP" strategy, supported by ICTs, to strengthen mathematical learning in the 10th grade of the Simón Bolívar Educational Institution

Este documento muestra todo el recorrido en el trabajo de investigación acción, de carácter cualitativo de acuerdo a los requisitos en el plan de estudios de Maestría en Educación de la Universidad Autónoma de Bucaramanga –UNAB- en convenio con el Programa Becas para la Excelencia del MEN. La población objeto de estudio fueron 31 estudiantes del grado 10° de la Institución Educativa Simón Bolívar, quienes participaron en la intervención pedagógica “Mirando el recorrido, para hallar la solución” con el fin de fortalecer su competencia en resolución de problemas a través de la estrategia didáctica Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas, mediada por el trabajo cooperativo y el uso herramientas TIC. La presente investigación tiene como fundamento teórico el modelo de investigación- acción de Carr y Kemmis. Se basa en las etapas para la resolución de problemas planteada por Benjumea, en el documento de investigación titulado “Estrategias de Aula para los Centros Educativos de Fe y Alegría”, el desarrollo del proyecto empezó por la aplicación de instrumentos de medición de conceptos, y la observación directa y el análisis de los resultados, este último fue realizado mediante cuatro categorías que direccionaron la observación, durante un tiempo de ocho meses de aplicación de la intervención. Durante la intervención pedagógica los estudiantes desarrollaron actividades lúdicas de trabajo cooperativo; asimismo, se aplicaron guías de resolución de problemas y se reforzó su aprendizaje, mediante actividades diseñadas en la plataforma educativa Educaplay. Seguido a este proceso, se presentan las conclusiones, recomendaciones y hallazgos importantes que surgieron del desarrollo de la investigación.Resumen 1 Palabras claves 2 Abstract 2 Key words 3 Introducción 4 Capítulo I 6 1. Contextualización de la Situación 6 1.1. Situación Problema 6 1.1.1. Formulación de la pregunta de investigación. 10 1.1.2. Objetivos. 11 1.1.2.1. Objetivo general. 11 1.1.2.2. Objetivos específicos. 11 1.2. Justificación. 11 1.2.1. Contextualización de la Institución. 14 Capitulo II 17 2. Marco Referencial 17 2.1. Antecedentes de la Investigación 17 2.1.1. A nivel internacional 17 2.1.2. A nivel nacional. 19 2.1.3. A nivel regional. 20 2.2. Marco Teórico 21 2.2.1. Prueba Saber. 22 2.2.2. Índice Sintético de Calidad (ISCE). 24 2.2.2.1. Componente progreso. 25 2.2.2.2. Componente desempeño. 26 2.2.2.3. Componente eficiencia. 26 2.2.2.4. Componente Ambiente Escolar. 26 2.2.4. Secuencia didáctica. 27 2.2.5. Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas. 29 2.2.4.1. Formulación de la situación problema. 31 2.2.4.2. Análisis de la situación y delimitación del problema. 31 2.2.4.3. Recopilar y analizar información. 32 2.2.4.4. Plantear posibles soluciones y elegir la más adecuada. 32 2.2.4.5. Planificar el diseño y la construcción de la solución. 33 2.2.4.6. Evaluar la solución adoptada. 33 2.2.4.7. Elaboración de informes y documentos. 34 2.2.4.8. Dar a conocer el proceso seguido y los resultados obtenidos. 35 2.2.4.9. Rol del docente y del estudiante. 35 2.2.6. . Tecnologías de la información y la comunicación – TIC- educativas. 37 2.2.7. Educaplay como herramienta educativa. 38 2.2.8. Procesos Matemáticos. 40 2.2.8.1 La formulación, tratamiento y resolución de problemas. 41 2.2.8.2. La modelación. 41 2.2.8.3. La comunicación. 42 2.2.8.4. El razonamiento. 42 2.2.8.5. La formulación, comparación y ejercitación de procedimientos. 43 2.3. Marco Legal 44 2.3.1. Constitución política de Colombia 1991. 44 2.3.2. Ley general de educación. 44 2.3.3. Declaración de los derechos del niño. 44 2.3.4. Decreto 0325 de 2015. 45 2.3.5. Estándares básicos de competencias. 45 2.3.6. Derechos Básicos de Aprendizajes. 46 2.4. Marco Conceptual 46 2.4.1. Los números reales. 46 2.4.2. Fracciones, números decimales y conversiones. 50 2.4.3. Función lineal y función cuadrática. 54 2.4.4. Áreas y volúmenes de cuerpos geométricos. 58 2.4.5. Probabilidad. 61 2.4.6. Datos estadísticos. 61 2.4.7. Medidas de tendencia central. 63 Capitulo III 66 3. Diseño Metodológico. 66 3.1. Tipo de Investigación 66 3.2. Proceso de la Investigación 66 3.2.1. Etapa 1. Etapa de planificación. 67 3.2.2. Etapa 2. Ejecución. 74 3.2.3. Etapa 3. Observación. 74 3.2.4. Etapa 4. Reflexión. 75 3.2.5. Etapa 5. Evaluación. 75 3.3. Población. 75 3.3.1. Instrumentos para la recolección de la información. 76 3.3.1.1. Prueba diagnóstica y de evaluación final. 76 3.3.1.2. Rejilla de intervención. 77 3.4. Principios Éticos. 77 3.5. Validación de los Instrumentos 78 3.6. Categorización 78 3.7. Análisis de la Información 80 3.7.1. Rejilla diagnóstica 82 3.7.2. Rejilla de evaluación para las intervenciones. 84 3.7.2.1. Intervención 1. 84 3.7.2.2. Intervención 2. 88 3.7.2.3. Intervención 3. 92 3.7.2.4. Intervención 4. 96 3.7.2.5. Intervención 5. 102 3.7.2.6. Intervención 6. 107 3.7.3. Rejilla de evaluación final 113 3.8. Análisis de Resultados 116 Capitulo IV 120 4. Propuesta Pedagógica 120 4.1. Presentación 120 4.2. Objetivo de la Propuesta. 121 4.2.1. Objetivo General. 121 4.2.2. Objetivos Específicos. 121 4.3. Metodología 121 4.4. Plan de Acción 123 La Probabilidad 125 DATOS EN ESTADISTICA 126 Colección : CALCULANDO AREAS 126 4.5. Diseño de Actividades 128 4.5.1. Intervención 1. 128 4.5.1.1. Momento 1: actividad lúdica para trabajo cooperativo: Asumiendo el Reto. 128 4.5.1.2. Momento 2: Guía de Aprendizaje Basado en Problemas: Construyendo Vías. 131 4.5.1.3. Momento 3: Colección de actividades en Plataforma Educaplay, “ABP1: funciones” 139 4.5.2. Intervención 2. 142 4.5.2.1. Momento 1: actividad lúdica para trabajo cooperativo, Retos Matemáticos. 142 4.5.2.2. Momento 2: Guía de aprendizaje basado en problema, Sumando y Multiplicando, así voy trabajando 148 4.5.2.3. Momento 3: Colección de actividades en plataforma Educaplay “ABP2: Sumando y Multiplicando” 155 4.5.3. Intervención 3. 157 4.5.3.1. Momento 1: Actividad lúdica para trabajo cooperativo, Jugando con cerillas. 157 4.5.3.2. Momento 2: Guía de aprendizaje basado en problema, Compitiendo entre Facciones, 160 4.5.4. Intervención 4. 169 4.5.4.1. Momento 1: actividad lúdica para trabajo cooperativo, Retos Matemáticos II. 169 4.5.4.2. Momento 2: Guía de Aprendizaje Basado en Problema, Calculo lo Posible. 174 4.5.4.3. Momento 3: Colección de actividades en plataforma Educaplay “ABP4: La probabilidad.” 182 4.5.5. Intervención 5. 183 4.5.5.1. Momento 1: actividad lúdica para trabajo cooperativo, Conozcamos el Tangram. 183 4.5.5.2. Momento 2: Guía de Aprendizaje Basado en Problema, Contando Pasajeros. 185 4.5.5.3. Momento 3: Colección de actividades en plataforma Educaplay “ABP5: Datos en Estadística.” 193 4.5.6.1. Momento 1: actividad lúdica para trabajo cooperativo, Retos Matemáticos III. 194 4.5.6.2. Momento 2: Guía de Aprendizaje Basado en Problema, Presupuesto Áreas. 198 . 206 4.5.6.3. Momento 3: Colección de actividades en plataforma Educaplay “ABP6: calculando Áreas” 206 Capítulo V 208 5. Conclusiones y Recomendaciones 208 5.1. Conclusiones 208 5.2. Recomendaciones 209 Bibliografía 211 Apéndices 215MaestríaThis document shows the entire course of the action research work, of a qualitative nature according to the requirements in the Master of Education curriculum of the Autonomous University of Bucaramanga -UNAB- in agreement with the Scholarship for Excellence Program of Ministry of National Education. The population studied was 31 students from the 10th grade of the Simón Bolívar Educational Institution, who participated in the pedagogical intervention "Looking at the route, to find the solution" in order to strengthen their competence in solving problems through the didactic strategy Learning Based on Problems, mediated by cooperative work and the use of ICT tools. The present investigation has as a theoretical basis the research-action model of Carr and Kemmis. It is based on the stages for the resolution of problems raised by Benjumea, in the research document entitled "Classroom Strategies for Educational Centers of Fe y Alegría", the development of the project began with the application of instrument for measuring concepts, and the direct observation and the analysis of the results, the latter was carried out through four categories that directed the observation, during a time of eight months of application of the intervention. During the pedagogical intervention the students developed play activities of cooperative work; likewise, problem solving guides were applied and their learning was reinforced, through activities designed in the educational platform Educaplay. Following this process, the conclusions, recommendations and important findings that emerged from the development of the research are presented

Prevalence and factors associated with violence and abuse of older adults in Mexico’s 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey

Background: Factors associated with violence and the abuse of older adults are understudied and its prevalence in Mexico has not been reported. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with violence and abuse of older adults in Mexico. Methods: We used Mexico’s 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, which included a sample of 8,894 individuals who are 60 years or older and who self-reported a negative health event related to robbery, aggression or violence in the previous 12 months. We used chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test to analyze the variables related to violence. Adjusted estimates were completed with multiple logistic regression models for complex surveys. Results: The prevalence of violence was 1.7 % for both men and women. In 95 % of the cases, the aggression was from an unknown party. Verbal aggressions were the most prevalent (60 %). Among men, physical aggression was more common. Violence frequently occurred in the home (37.6 %); however, men were primarily assaulted in public places (42.4 %), in comparison to women (30.7 %). There were also differences in the risk factors for violence. Among men, risk was associated with younger age (60–64 years), higher education (secondary school or above) and higher socioeconomic status. Among women, risk was associated with depression, not being the head of the family, and region of the country. Conclusions: Violence against older adults presents differently for men and women, which means it is necessary to increase knowledge about the dynamics of the social determinants of violence, particularly in regards to the role of education among men. The relatively low prevalence found in this study may reflect the difficulty and fear of discussing the topic of violence. This may occur because of cultural factors, as well as by the perception of helplessness perpetuated by the scarce access to social programs that ensure protection and problem solving with regards to the complex social determinants of individual and family violence that this population group endures.publishedVersio

Development and validation of a Screening Questionnaire of Family Mistreatment against Older Adults for use in primary care settings in Mexico

The abuse of older adults is a serious public health issue that can be difficult to identify at the first level of care. Medical and nursing personnel are sometimes unable to identify older adults who suffer family mistreatment. This can occur when victims feel shame or as a result of cultural factors. In the light of this, healthcare personnel require a screening tool that can be used to identify signs of mistreatment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a screening tool for detecting the familial mistreatment of older adults in primary care settings. A mixed method cross‐sectional study was carried out in three phases between 2009 and 2012 in Mexico. The formative phase involved using a qualitative methodology to identify terms that older adults use to identify practices defined as forms of mistreatment. On this basis, the second phase involved the design of a screening tool through the formation of items in collaboration with a panel of experts. These items were tested on older adults to ensure their intelligibility. Finally, validity and reliability levels were evaluated through the application of the screening tool to a sample of older adults at a primary care facility and at a legal centre. These findings were discussed with gerontologists, and the data were analysed through an exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation and Cronbach's alpha using STATA v13. From the results, we generated a screening tool that is culturally and socially tailored to older adults in Mexico. The tool has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89, a sensitivity value of 86% (p < .05) and a specificity value of 90% (p < .05) for positive answers to the tool's 15 items. Applying this tool at the first level of care could limit damage to older adults’ health and could lower the frequency of emergency room use in hospitals.publishedVersio

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Mortality from gastrointestinal congenital anomalies at 264 hospitals in 74 low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries: a multicentre, international, prospective cohort study

Summary Background Congenital anomalies are the fifth leading cause of mortality in children younger than 5 years globally. Many gastrointestinal congenital anomalies are fatal without timely access to neonatal surgical care, but few studies have been done on these conditions in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs). We compared outcomes of the seven most common gastrointestinal congenital anomalies in low-income, middle-income, and high-income countries globally, and identified factors associated with mortality. Methods We did a multicentre, international prospective cohort study of patients younger than 16 years, presenting to hospital for the first time with oesophageal atresia, congenital diaphragmatic hernia, intestinal atresia, gastroschisis, exomphalos, anorectal malformation, and Hirschsprung’s disease. Recruitment was of consecutive patients for a minimum of 1 month between October, 2018, and April, 2019. We collected data on patient demographics, clinical status, interventions, and outcomes using the REDCap platform. Patients were followed up for 30 days after primary intervention, or 30 days after admission if they did not receive an intervention. The primary outcome was all-cause, in-hospital mortality for all conditions combined and each condition individually, stratified by country income status. We did a complete case analysis. Findings We included 3849 patients with 3975 study conditions (560 with oesophageal atresia, 448 with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, 681 with intestinal atresia, 453 with gastroschisis, 325 with exomphalos, 991 with anorectal malformation, and 517 with Hirschsprung’s disease) from 264 hospitals (89 in high-income countries, 166 in middleincome countries, and nine in low-income countries) in 74 countries. Of the 3849 patients, 2231 (58·0%) were male. Median gestational age at birth was 38 weeks (IQR 36–39) and median bodyweight at presentation was 2·8 kg (2·3–3·3). Mortality among all patients was 37 (39·8%) of 93 in low-income countries, 583 (20·4%) of 2860 in middle-income countries, and 50 (5·6%) of 896 in high-income countries (p<0·0001 between all country income groups). Gastroschisis had the greatest difference in mortality between country income strata (nine [90·0%] of ten in lowincome countries, 97 [31·9%] of 304 in middle-income countries, and two [1·4%] of 139 in high-income countries; p≤0·0001 between all country income groups). Factors significantly associated with higher mortality for all patients combined included country income status (low-income vs high-income countries, risk ratio 2·78 [95% CI 1·88–4·11], p<0·0001; middle-income vs high-income countries, 2·11 [1·59–2·79], p<0·0001), sepsis at presentation (1·20 [1·04–1·40], p=0·016), higher American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score at primary intervention (ASA 4–5 vs ASA 1–2, 1·82 [1·40–2·35], p<0·0001; ASA 3 vs ASA 1–2, 1·58, [1·30–1·92], p<0·0001]), surgical safety checklist not used (1·39 [1·02–1·90], p=0·035), and ventilation or parenteral nutrition unavailable when needed (ventilation 1·96, [1·41–2·71], p=0·0001; parenteral nutrition 1·35, [1·05–1·74], p=0·018). Administration of parenteral nutrition (0·61, [0·47–0·79], p=0·0002) and use of a peripherally inserted central catheter (0·65 [0·50–0·86], p=0·0024) or percutaneous central line (0·69 [0·48–1·00], p=0·049) were associated with lower mortality. Interpretation Unacceptable differences in mortality exist for gastrointestinal congenital anomalies between lowincome, middle-income, and high-income countries. Improving access to quality neonatal surgical care in LMICs will be vital to achieve Sustainable Development Goal 3.2 of ending preventable deaths in neonates and children younger than 5 years by 2030

Prevalence and factors associated with violence and abuse of older adults in Mexico’s 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey

Background: Factors associated with violence and the abuse of older adults are understudied and its prevalence in Mexico has not been reported. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence and factors associated with violence and abuse of older adults in Mexico. Methods: We used Mexico’s 2012 National Health and Nutrition Survey, which included a sample of 8,894 individuals who are 60 years or older and who self-reported a negative health event related to robbery, aggression or violence in the previous 12 months. We used chi-squared test and Fisher’s exact test to analyze the variables related to violence. Adjusted estimates were completed with multiple logistic regression models for complex surveys. Results: The prevalence of violence was 1.7 % for both men and women. In 95 % of the cases, the aggression was from an unknown party. Verbal aggressions were the most prevalent (60 %). Among men, physical aggression was more common. Violence frequently occurred in the home (37.6 %); however, men were primarily assaulted in public places (42.4 %), in comparison to women (30.7 %). There were also differences in the risk factors for violence. Among men, risk was associated with younger age (60–64 years), higher education (secondary school or above) and higher socioeconomic status. Among women, risk was associated with depression, not being the head of the family, and region of the country. Conclusions: Violence against older adults presents differently for men and women, which means it is necessary to increase knowledge about the dynamics of the social determinants of violence, particularly in regards to the role of education among men. The relatively low prevalence found in this study may reflect the difficulty and fear of discussing the topic of violence. This may occur because of cultural factors, as well as by the perception of helplessness perpetuated by the scarce access to social programs that ensure protection and problem solving with regards to the complex social determinants of individual and family violence that this population group endures

Development and validation of a Screening Questionnaire of Family Mistreatment against Older Adults for use in primary care settings in Mexico

The abuse of older adults is a serious public health issue that can be difficult to identify at the first level of care. Medical and nursing personnel are sometimes unable to identify older adults who suffer family mistreatment. This can occur when victims feel shame or as a result of cultural factors. In the light of this, healthcare personnel require a screening tool that can be used to identify signs of mistreatment. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a screening tool for detecting the familial mistreatment of older adults in primary care settings. A mixed method cross‐sectional study was carried out in three phases between 2009 and 2012 in Mexico. The formative phase involved using a qualitative methodology to identify terms that older adults use to identify practices defined as forms of mistreatment. On this basis, the second phase involved the design of a screening tool through the formation of items in collaboration with a panel of experts. These items were tested on older adults to ensure their intelligibility. Finally, validity and reliability levels were evaluated through the application of the screening tool to a sample of older adults at a primary care facility and at a legal centre. These findings were discussed with gerontologists, and the data were analysed through an exploratory factor analysis with orthogonal rotation and Cronbach's alpha using STATA v13. From the results, we generated a screening tool that is culturally and socially tailored to older adults in Mexico. The tool has a Cronbach's alpha of 0.89, a sensitivity value of 86% (p < .05) and a specificity value of 90% (p < .05) for positive answers to the tool's 15 items. Applying this tool at the first level of care could limit damage to older adults’ health and could lower the frequency of emergency room use in hospitals