DERMAL DELIVERY OF DOCETAXEL LOADED NANO LIQUID CRYSTALS FOR THE TREATMENT OF SKIN CANCER

Objective: The aim of the present study is to develop docetaxel-loaded nano liquid crystals (NLCs) to enhanced and effective delivery of the drug to the skin cancer. Methods: NLCs bearing docetaxel were prepared by an emulsification solvent diffusion method. The formulated NLCs were characterized for average particle size, polydispersity index (PDI) Zeta potential, entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release study. The prepared formulations were studied for it's in vitro cell line and cell uptake study. Results: It was revealed that the average size of NLCs was found 178.3±5.07, PDI was 0.189, percent entrapment efficiency was found 71.3±2.49 and Zeta potential was found-17.3±2.4. In vitro release determined by Franz diffusion cell was found 61.6±3.2% after 72 hr. 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay shows that Docetaxel loaded NLCs were giving more cytotoxicity as compared to the plain drug. The cell uptake study was found enhanced uptake of fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) loaded NLCs in comparison to plain FITC. Docetaxel and docetaxel-loaded NLCs showed 28.3±0.3 and 39.3±1.3 growth inhibition respectively after 48h upon incubation at 0.5 µg/ml concentration (p<0.05). Conclusion: The result of the studies was concluded that NLCs can be used as impending drug delivery system which may enhance the drug uptake and maintain the drug level for longer period of time and it is potential carrier system which can be used for the treatment of skin diseases like cancer

Experimental Investigation of the Effects of Hydrogen Addition with Diesel on Performance and Emission of a Single Cylinder Diesel Engine

Need of the hour in present day scenario is to cope with energy crisis and human life in India and around the globe which is associated with depletion in the percentage of petroleum products and increase in the share of pollution caused due to emissions from diesel operated engines. This work tries to address these two major concern with the use of alternative fuel for diesel engine .A lot of research is going on the use of alternative and innovative fuels in the word, among those one of the most promising alternative ought to be hydrogen for being a clean and non carbon in nature. However various ongoing researches shown hydrogen blending to be proved to show positive effect on performance and emission of a diesel engine, which has to be carried forwarded. In this work a flow rate of 4 lpm, 6 lpm and 8 lpm respectively blend of hydrogen proportion where used along which diesel at loading at a constant speed of 1500 rpm to determine various engine performance parameters such as brake thermal efficiency, brake specific fuel consumption ,brake power, indicated thermal efficiency, mechanical efficiency, volumetric efficiency, torque output and power output. along with these various emission parameters such as percentage of CO,HC ,NOx gas temperature with varying blend proportion are also observed and compared

Diagnostic yield of bronchoalveolar fluid/bronchoscopy among sputum AFB and CBNAAT negative presumptive tuberculosis patients: an observational study

Background: Tuberculosis is one of the most common chronic infections globally, especially in developing countries like India and is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Therefore, early diagnosis, and microbiological confirmation of pulmonary TB is important to break the chain of transmission. This study was carried out to study usefulness of fiberoptic bronchoscopy in sputum smear negative and CBNAAT negative patient of presumptive tuberculosis.Methods: It was an observational study in the Department of Respiratory medicine for duration of 2 years (Sept 2018- Aug 2020) among 100 adults cases of presumptive tuberculosis whose sputum were negative on sputum AFB and CBNAAT. Cases with relative or absolute contraindication for bronchoscopy were excluded from study.Results: Mean age of study subjects was 47.31±12.29 years; M:F was 1.2:1 and 5% had past history of tuberculosis. Most common findings on chest X-ray was alveolar opacities (40%), inhomogeneous opacity (24%), cavitary lesions (20%), cystic lesion (8%) and fibrosis (6%) in different zones of lung. BAL sent for CBNAAT testing detected 15% mycobacterial TB, 2% mycobacterial TB with Rif resistance. Zn staining testing detected 10% AFB, on culture 14% showed AFB growth,4% had malignant cell findings. Diagnostic efficacy of Zn staining of BAL showed 42.86% sensitivity, 95.35% specificity, 60% PPV, 91.11% NPV and 88% diagnostic accuracy. BAL CBNAAT testing had 78.57% sensitivity, 93.02% specificity, 64.71% PPV, 96.39% NPV and 91% diagnostic accuracy. Most common complication was bronchospasm and hypoxia.Conclusions: Fiberoptic bronchoscopy is useful investigation in establishing accurate and early diagnosis of lower respiratory tract infection

Corrosion Inhibition at Mild Steel Surface in Acidic Media by Ziziphus Jujuba Plant

The effect of Ziziphus jujuba extract on the corrosion inhibition of mild steel in acidic solution was studied using chemical and electrochemical techniques. It was found from the results of weight loss method that the inhibition efficiency increased with increase in the plant extract up to 15 ppm. It indicates that 15 ppm is the optimum concentration to get maximum corrosion protection for mild steel in acidic medium. The results obtained from the chemical and electrochemical measurements are in good agreement. Organic moieties present in the extract are found responsible for effective performance of inhibitor which was well supported by FTIR studies. The potentio dynamic polarization studies revealed that the plant extract acts as mixed type inhibitors. The surface characteristics of the inhibited and uninhibited mild steel were investigated by Scanning Electron Microscopic studies

DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF STABILITY-INDICATING HPTLC METHOD FOR SIMULTANEOUS ESTIMATION OF ENALAPRIL MALEATE, HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE AND PARACETAMOL IN COMBINED TABLET DOSAGE FORM

A stability-indicating high-performance thin-layer chromatographic (HPTLC)  method has been developed for the determination of simultaneous determination of Enalapril maleate (ENAL), Hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and Paracetamol (PARA)  in tablet dosage forms, The separation was achieved on TLC aluminum plates precoated with silica gel 60F-254 using chloroform: methanol: toluene : ethyl acetate (20:10:40:30 % v/v/v/v)  as the mobile phase. The densitometric analysis was carried out at 230 nm. Compact bands appeared at Rf 0.21 ± 0.01, 0.50 ± 0.02 and 0.73 ± 0.01 respectively, for ENAL, HCTZ and PARA. Linear regression analysis revealed linearity in the range of 1000 – 6550 ng/spot for ENAL, 100-3600 ng/spot for HCTZ and 500 – 3400 ng/spot for PARA. Drugs were subjected to acid and alkali hydrolyses, forced oxidation, thermal and photo degradation treatments. The degraded products were well separated from the pure drugs. Statistical analysis proved that the method is precise, accurate, selective and economical and may be used for routine analysis of ENAL, HCTZ and PARA in tablet dosage forms

Mapping local patterns of childhood overweight and wasting in low- and middle-income countries between 2000 and 2017

A double burden of malnutrition occurs when individuals, household members or communities experience both undernutrition and overweight. Here, we show geospatial estimates of overweight and wasting prevalence among children under 5 years of age in 105 low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) from 2000 to 2017 and aggregate these to policy-relevant administrative units. Wasting decreased overall across LMICs between 2000 and 2017, from 8.4% (62.3 (55.1–70.8) million) to 6.4% (58.3 (47.6–70.7) million), but is predicted to remain above the World Health Organization’s Global Nutrition Target of <5% in over half of LMICs by 2025. Prevalence of overweight increased from 5.2% (30 (22.8–38.5) million) in 2000 to 6.0% (55.5 (44.8–67.9) million) children aged under 5 years in 2017. Areas most affected by double burden of malnutrition were located in Indonesia, Thailand, southeastern China, Botswana, Cameroon and central Nigeria. Our estimates provide a new perspective to researchers, policy makers and public health agencies in their efforts to address this global childhood syndemic

Profile of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Cases at a Tertiary Care Institute

Objective: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is characterized by acute or chronic diffuse involvement of pulmonary parenchyma leading to a variable degree of lung fibrosis. Study was planned to asses clinical profile of patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and methods used for diagnosis. Material and methods: It was a retrospective analysis of symptoms, signs, radiological findings and lung biopsy of patients diagnosed to have IPF over a 16-month period. Results: During the study period, 185 patients (85 men) with a mean age of 44.63 ± 10.4 years were diagnosed to have IPF. Breathlessness (100%) and dry cough (53.4%) were the most common presenting symptoms. Patients were diagnosed based on clinical features and high resolution chest tomography (HRCT) findings. HRCT was performed in all patients; 90% had features suggestive of diffuse interstitial fibrosis. Transbronchial lung biopsy (TBLB) was performed in 20 (10%) patients. Conclusion: IPF is diagnosed more commonly now than in the past. Indian patients may be developing the disease a decade earlier than their counterparts in the West. TBLB and HRCT are useful in establishing diagnosis. IPF should be considered a distinct clinical entity rather than a diagnosis of exclusion

Cleaning validation for residual estimation of olmesartan medoxomil on stainless steel surface of pharmaceutical manufacturing equipments using swab sampling and HPLC-DAD method

Prevention of cross contamination with active pharmaceutical ingredient is crucial and requires special attention in pharmaceutical industry. Current method validation describes residual determination of olmesartan medoxomil (OLME) on stainless steel surface using swab sampling with a sensitive HPLC-DAD analysis. The acceptance limit was decided as 2 μg swab pro 100 cm2. Cotton swabs impregnated with extraction solution were used to determine residual drug content. Recoveries were 95.81%, 93.06%, and 96%. 24% with RSD below 1.5% at three concentration levels. Residual concentration was found to be linear in the range of 0.557–5.62 μg/mL, when estimated using Phenomenex Luna C18 (25 cm × 5 μm × 4.6 mm i.d.) column at 1.0 mL/min flow rate at 258 nm. The mobile phase consisted of a mixture of acetonitrile: methanol: phosphate buffer pH 3.5: tetrahydrofuran (28:13:58:1 v/v/v/v). The LOD and LOQ for OLME were found to be 0.07 and 0.22 μg/mL, respectively. The validated method was found to be simple, selective and sensitive for demonstration of cleaning validation of OLME residues on the stainless steel surface