Overwash and ocean flooding in Portugal: case study of Fonte da Telha, Costa da Caparica

Povoações costeiras em Portugal são atingidas frequentemente por tempestades, algumas das quais são capazes de induzir galgamentos, levando a inundações severas. Este estudo foca-se nos potenciais danos que a povoação de Fonte da Telha pode sofrer na ocorrência de inundações por galgamento oceânico. Dos 222 elementos identificados na povoação, cerca de 70% está na faixa de risco de inundação. Áreas de ocupação do solo definidas por Praias e Floresta de espécies invasoras são totalmente abrangidas pela área de risco. De modo a combater o presente cenário, foi realizado um Plano de Pormenor, definindo os 11m como a altitude mínima para construção de edificado.Coastal settlements in Portugal are routinely hit by storms, some of which produce significant overwash, leading to severe floods. In this study we focus on the possible damages Vale da Telha settlement could incur in the event of severe overwash and flooding following a storm. It was found that of the 222 elements comprising the settlement, roughly 70% were at risk of flooding. Most of the areas classified as Beaches and Invasive species forest are within the risk area. To reduce this scenario, artificial construction should not be carried out below the 11m altitude threshold

The tumour microenvironment harbours ontogenically distinct dendritic cell populations with opposing effects on tumour immunity

Various steady state and inflamed tissues have been shown to contain a heterogeneous DC population consisting of developmentally distinct subsets, including cDC1s, cDC2s and monocyte-derived DCs, displaying differential functional specializations. The identification of functionally distinct tumour-associated DC (TADC) subpopulations could prove essential for the understanding of basic TADC biology and for envisaging targeted immunotherapies. We demonstrate that multiple mouse tumours as well as human tumours harbour ontogenically discrete TADC subsets. Monocyte-derived TADCs are prominent in tumour antigen uptake, but lack strong T-cell stimulatory capacity due to NO-mediated immunosuppression. Pre-cDC-derived TADCs have lymph node migratory potential, whereby cDC1s efficiently activate CD8(+) Tcells and cDC2s induce Th17 cells. Mice vaccinated with cDC2s displayed a reduced tumour growth accompanied by a reprogramming of pro-tumoural TAMs and a reduction of MDSCs, while cDC1 vaccination strongly induces anti-tumour CTLs. Our data might prove important for therapeutic interventions targeted at specific TADC subsets or their precursors

Korkunç İstanbul

Yeni Türk'te tefrika edilen Korkunç İstanbul adlı romanTefrikada yazarın adı belirtilmemiştir.Tefrika yarım kalmıştır. Arşivdeki eksikler nedeniyle tefrikanın tamamlanıp tamamlanmadığı bilinmemektedir

Tumor hypoxia does not drive differentiation of tumor-associated macrophages but rather fine-tunes the M2-like macrophage population

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAM) are exposed to multiple microenvironmental cues in tumors, which collaborate to endow these cells with protumoral activities. Hypoxia, caused by an imbalance in oxygen supply and demand because of a poorly organized vasculature, is often a prominent feature in solid tumors. However, to what extent tumor hypoxia regulates the TAM phenotype in vivo is unknown. Here, we show that the myeloid infiltrate in mouse lung carcinoma tumors encompasses two morphologically distinct CD11b(hi)F4/80(hi)Ly6C(lo) TAM subsets, designated as MHC-II(lo) and MHC-II(hi) TAM, both of which were derived from tumor-infiltrating Ly6C(hi) monocytes. MHC-II(lo) TAM express higher levels of prototypical M2 markers and reside in more hypoxic regions. Consequently, MHC-II(lo) TAM contain higher mRNA levels for hypoxia-regulated genes than their MHC-II(hi) counterparts. To assess the in vivo role of hypoxia on these TAM features, cancer cells were inoculated in prolyl hydroxylase domain 2 (PHD2)-haplodeficient mice, resulting in better-oxygenated tumors. Interestingly, reduced tumor hypoxia did not alter the relative abundance of TAM subsets nor their M2 marker expression, but specifically lowered hypoxia-sensitive gene expression and angiogenic activity in the MHC-II(lo) TAM subset. The same observation in PHD2(+/+) → PHD2(+/-) bone marrow chimeras also suggests organization of a better-oxygenized microenvironment. Together, our results show that hypoxia is not a major driver of TAM subset differentiation, but rather specifically fine-tunes the phenotype of M2-like MHC-II(lo) TAM

On the tracing fidelity of helium-filled soap bubbles for PIV experiments

This thesis follows a previous study on the aerodynamic characterization of helium-filled soap bubbles (HFSBs) for large-scale PIV measurements and aims at characterizing statistically the tracing fidelity of HFSBs in PIV experiments, considering the statistical distribution of the bubbles diameter, slip velocity, relaxation time and density. High-speed visualizations identify two different operating regimes of the bubble generator. Two dedicated experiments are performed at a spatial resolution such to determine simultaneously the bubbles trajectory and their diameter. The velocity of the bubbles in the stagnation region ahead of a circular cylinder is evaluated by the PTV technique. The results are compared with micron-sized fog droplets taken as reference. The tracking error of individual trajectories is assessed by statistical analysis of the relative slip between the bubble and the airflow. The instantaneous particle relaxation time is retrieved from the ratio between slip velocity and local acceleration. Additional information on the bubble instantaneous properties is taken by inferring the diameter from the distance between the glare points. HFSBs were found to yield, on average, a time response of about 10 µs with a standard deviation that exceeds 30 µs when the nozzle is in a stable operating regime (bubbling). However, when the nozzle operates in a unstable operating regime (jetting), the standard deviation of the bubble diameter and relaxation time can be as high as 70 µm and 50 µs, respectively. The HFSBs relative density to air is estimated using a modified Stokes drag law. HFSBs as flow tracers in a laminar flat plate boundary layer feature a particle-free region close to the flat plate surface. The height of this region is a function of the particle diameter and can be partly explained by the conservation of mass principle of a streamtube far upstream that expands inside the boundary layer.Aerospace EngineeringAerodynamics, Wind Energy & PropulsionAerodynamic

Horatios Dan Morias

Location: MontserradoRuntime: 2:40:56Categorized as pertaining to Diaspora, Hearings.The Truth and Reconciliation Commission of Liberi