Current Status of New Anticoagulants in the Management of Venous Thromboembolism

Venous Thromboembolism, manifested as deep venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism, is a common problem associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and resource expenditure. Unfractionated heparin, low-molecular-weight heparin, and vitamin K antagonists are the most common treatment and prophylaxis, and have demonstrated their efficacy in a vast number of previous studies. Despite their broad use, these agents have important limitations that have led to the development of new drugs in a bid to overcome the disadvantages of the old ones without decreasing their therapeutic effect. These novel medications, some approved and others in different stages of development, include direct thrombin inhibitors like dabigatran etexilate, and direct activated factor X inhibitors like rivaroxaban. The current paper will review the characteristics, clinical trial results, and current and potential therapeutic uses of these new agents with a focus on the categories of direct thrombin inhibitors and activated factor X inhibitors

1358-P: Point of Care OGTT for the Screening of Gestational Diabetes: A Feasible Proposal for Low-Resource Settings

Due to the ubiquity of risk factors associated with gestational diabetes (GDM) in Mexican women and the low availability of the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT), we compared the efficacy of two point of care (POC) models for GDM detection against the plasmatic 2hr OGTT-75gr in primary health care clinics in Mexico. We evaluated 328 pregnant women without previous diabetes diagnosis from a prospective cohort study “Cuido mi embarazo”; all of them were tested with the gold standard plasmatic 2hr OGTT-75gr for the diagnosis of GDM based on the ADA 2019 criteria. Simultaneously, we measured with a glucometer (ACCU-CHEK instant®) the glucose concentration either by capillary whole blood (172 measures) or from venous whole blood (156 measures). We evaluated the diagnostic accuracy by calculating the sensitivity, specificity, and ROC curve of each of the glucometer test results compared to the plasmatic test. For the first model, POC venous OGTT, the incidence of GDM was 41.66% compared to 7.05% of the plasmatic test. The ROC area under the curve for GDM prediction was 0.81 (95% CI 0.77-0.85), with a sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 62.8%. The low specificity is dependent on the fasting venous value of 64% since it was compared to 95% and 97% specificity of the 1hr and 2hr values, respectively. The second model, POC capillary OGTT, had an incidence of GDM of 30.23% compared to 8.13% of the plasmatic test. It had lower sensitivity (78.57%) and higher specificity (74.1%) compared to the first model, having an overall 0.76 (95% CI 0.65-0.88) ROC area under the curve for GDM prediction. We propose POC venous OGTT as a feasible diagnostic alternative for low resource settings where laboratory infrastructure is not available. Its positive bias could be beneficial since the treatment and control of early cases is related to better health outcomes for the moms and their babies. Further analysis is needed to improve GDM, POC screening interventions. Disclosure H. Gallardo: None. J. Lomelin-Gascon: Other Relationship; Self; Lilly Global Health Partnership. L.A. Martinez: Other Relationship; Self; Lilly Global Health Partnership. A. Montoya: None. E. Reyes-Muñoz: None. R.C. Tapia-Conyer: None. Funding Eli Lilly and Company </jats:sec

Comparación de diferentes parámetros de evaluación en sujetos con asma moderada estable sin exacerbación microbiana, tratados con Salmeterol-Fluticasona vs Ciclesonida y Salbutamol a demanda

El asma es una entidad clínica caracterizada por la combinación de tres factores: obstrucción de la vía aérea con reversibilidad espontánea y/o farmacológica, hiperrreactividad bronquial e inflamación local. Existen numerosas alternativas farmacológicas para el tratamiento de esta enfermedad. En el presente trabajo se compararon parámetros de evaluación del estado asmático moderado, los episodios de exacerbación de etiología bacteriana y la colonización bucal por hongos en dos grupos de pacientes; 15 tratados con ciclesonida en dosis alta y salbutamol a demanda y 13 con salmeterol fluticasona en dosis fija durante 300 días de tratamiento. Hasta el momento se observó que ambas alternativas terapéuticas son válidas para el control de la enfermedad, ya que a pesar de la presencia en esputo, de bacterias potencialmente capaces de producir exacerbaciones, estas no ocurrieron durante el tiempo del estudio. La colonización por hongos de la cavidad oral se presentó en ambos grupos. Los parámetros de función pulmonar fueron comparables.Fil: Sagua, M.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área MicrobiologíaFil: Elías, P.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Telechea, A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área MicrobiologíaFil: Molina, A.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Clínica MédicaFil: Garófoli, A.. Hospital Militar Regional Mendoza. Servicio de NeumonologíaFil: Fazio, C.. Hospital Militar Regional Mendoza. Servicio de NeumonologíaFil: Montbrun, M.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área MicrobiologíaFil: Yunes, Roberto. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología.Fil: Montoya, P.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Médicas. Área Farmacología

Evaluación de campo de una prueba rápida para el diagnóstico de malaria

Between November 1999 and April 2000, a malariaoutbreak occurred in the state of La Guajira, Colombia; 5.687 cases were diagnosed -3,401 as P falciparum, 2,256 as P vivax and 30 as mixed infections. The conditions of location and case number were considered favorable for the application and evaluation of a rapid diagnostic field test. Malaria diagnosis obtained by the rapid immunocromatographic test (OptiMAL) and thick blood smear were compared in the municipalities of Dibulla, Manaure and Riohacha. The treatment of each patient was based on the rapid test result, but whenever the two methods disagreed, the thick bood smear results were given priority in decisions to modify the initial treatment. Two hundred thitiy-one finger-prick blood samples were processed. The general sensitivity and specificity of OptiMAL were 98.7% and 99.3%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity for P falciparum were 98.1% and 76.9%. The sensitivity and specificity for F1 vivax were 90.9% and 100%. The concordance index was 0.98, the positive predictive value, 98.7% and the negative predictive value, 99.3%. These results suggest that the rapid immunocromatographic test (OptiMAL) is a reliable alternative for malaria diagnosis under circumstances where rnicroscopical diagnosis is not possible.Entre noviembre de 1999 y abril de 2000 se presentó una epidemia de malaria en el departamento de La Guajira que alcanzó 5.687 casos, 3.401 causados por Plasmodium faiciparum, 2.256 por Plasmodium vivax y 30 casos diagnosticados como infección mixta. Dadas las caracteristicas propias del departamento de La Guajira y de la transmisión de malaria allí, se consideró que existían las condiciones favorables para usar una prueba rapida de diagnostico de campo. En este estudio se evaluó y comparó el diagnóstico por inmunocromatografía rápida con la gota gruesa como estándar de oro en los municipios de Dibulla, Manaure y Riohacha. La conducta con el paciente se basó en el resultado de la prueba rápida. Sin embargo, los resultados obtenidos en la gota gruesa se tuvieron en cuenta para modificar la conducta inicial con el paciente, en caso de que los resultados de las pruebas fueran discordantes. Se procesaron 231 muestras sanguíneas obtenidas por punción capilar. La sensibilidad y la especificidad generales del método inmunocromatográfico fueron de 98.7% y 99.3%. respectivamente, en tanto que para P falciparum fueron de 98.1% y 76,9%, y para P vivax de 90,9% y 100%. El índice de concordancia fue 0.98; el valor predictivo positivo, 98,7%, y el valor predictivo negativo, 99,3%. Los resultados obtenidos sugieren que la prueba inmunocromatográfica (OptiMal) es una alternativa adecuada para realizar el diagnóstico de malaria en lugares donde no se realiza el diagnóstico microscópico

Otimização da extração de ácidos nucleicos de material de punção aspirativa por agulha fina de tiroide obtido de lâminas coradas, tecidos fixados em formalina e emblocados em parafina e amostras de sangue estocadas por longo período

OBJECTIVE: Adequate isolation of nucleic acids from peripheral blood, fine-needle aspiration cells in stained slides, and fresh and formalin-fixed/paraffin-embedded tissues is crucial to ensure the success of molecular endocrinology techniques, especially when samples are stored for long periods, or when no other samples can be collected from patients who are lost to follow-up. Here, we evaluate several procedures to improve current methodologies for DNA (salting-out) and RNA isolation. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used proteinase K treatment, heat shock, and other adaptations to increase the amount and quality of the material retrieved from the samples. RESULTS: We successfully isolated DNA and RNA from the samples described above, and this material was suitable for PCR, methylation profiling, real-time PCR and DNA sequencing. CONCLUSION: The techniques herein applied to isolate nucleic acids allowed further reliable molecular analyses. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):618-26OBJETIVO: O isolamento adequado de ácidos nucleicos a partir de sangue periférico, lâmina corada de punção aspirativa por agulha fina, tecido fixado em formalina e emblocado em parafina e tecido fresco é fundamental para assegurar o sucesso de técnicas aplicadas em endocrinologia molecular, principalmente quando lidamos com amostras estocadas por longos períodos ou quando há impossibilidade de nova coleta de amostra de pacientes que perderam o seguimento. Neste trabalho, objetivamos otimizar as metodologias clássicas para a extração de DNA (salting-out) e RNA. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Utilizamos proteinase K, choque térmico, dentre outras modificações, com o objetivo de aumentar a quantidade e a qualidade do material recuperado a partir das amostras descritas acima. RESULTADOS: Isolamos com sucesso DNA e RNA de tais amostras e o material obtido foi adequado para a realização de PCR, perfil de metilação, PCR em tempo real e sequenciamento de DNA. CONCLUSÃO: As técnicas aplicadas neste estudo para isolar ácidos nucleicos permitiram a realização posterior de análises moleculares consistentes e confiáveis. Arq Bras Endocrinol Metab. 2012;56(9):618-26Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP) Escola Paulista de MedicinaFaculdade de Medicina do ABC Department of Morphology and PhysiologyUNIFESP, EPMSciEL

Decision Support Systems for Weed Management

Editors: Guillermo R. Chantre, José L. González-Andújar.Weed management Decision Support Systems (DSS) are increasingly important computer-based tools for modern agriculture. Nowadays, extensive agriculture has become highly dependent on external inputs and both economic costs, as well the negative environmental impact of agricultural activities, demands knowledge-based technology for the optimization and protection of non-renewable resources. In this context, weed management strategies should aim to maximize economic profit by preserving and enhancing agricultural systems. Although previous contributions focusing on weed biology and weed management provide valuable insight on many aspects of weed species ecology and practical guides for weed control, no attempts have been made to highlight the forthcoming importance of DSS in weed management. This book is a first attempt to integrate 'concepts and practice' providing a novel guide to the state-of-art of DSS and the future prospects which hopefully would be of interest to higher-level students, academics and professionals in related areas

Standalone vertex finding in the ATLAS muon spectrometer

A dedicated reconstruction algorithm to find decay vertices in the ATLAS muon spectrometer is presented. The algorithm searches the region just upstream of or inside the muon spectrometer volume for multi-particle vertices that originate from the decay of particles with long decay paths. The performance of the algorithm is evaluated using both a sample of simulated Higgs boson events, in which the Higgs boson decays to long-lived neutral particles that in turn decay to bbar b final states, and pp collision data at √s = 7 TeV collected with the ATLAS detector at the LHC during 2011

Measurements of Higgs boson production and couplings in diboson final states with the ATLAS detector at the LHC

Measurements are presented of production properties and couplings of the recently discovered Higgs boson using the decays into boson pairs, H →γ γ, H → Z Z∗ →4l and H →W W∗ →lνlν. The results are based on the complete pp collision data sample recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the CERN Large Hadron Collider at centre-of-mass energies of √s = 7 TeV and √s = 8 TeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of about 25 fb−1. Evidence for Higgs boson production through vector-boson fusion is reported. Results of combined fits probing Higgs boson couplings to fermions and bosons, as well as anomalous contributions to loop-induced production and decay modes, are presented. All measurements are consistent with expectations for the Standard Model Higgs boson

Hunt for new phenomena using large jet multiplicities and missing transverse momentum with ATLAS in 4.7 fb−1 of √s=7 TeV proton-proton collisions

Results are presented of a search for new particles decaying to large numbers of jets in association with missing transverse momentum, using 4.7 fb−1 of pp collision data at s√=7TeV collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider in 2011. The event selection requires missing transverse momentum, no isolated electrons or muons, and from ≥6 to ≥9 jets. No evidence is found for physics beyond the Standard Model. The results are interpreted in the context of a MSUGRA/CMSSM supersymmetric model, where, for large universal scalar mass m 0, gluino masses smaller than 840 GeV are excluded at the 95% confidence level, extending previously published limits. Within a simplified model containing only a gluino octet and a neutralino, gluino masses smaller than 870 GeV are similarly excluded for neutralino masses below 100 GeV