PENGARUH MODEL PENILAIAN OTENTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN SOSIOLOGI TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN ADAPTASI SOSIAL PESERTA DIDIK KELAS XI IPS SMA NEGERI 4 BANDUNG

Dalam perubahan kurikulum KTSP kepada kurikulum 2013 terdapat empat perubahan, salah satunya adalah penilaian otentik. Penilaian otentik tersebut mengharuskan penilaian yang digunakan sesuai dengan pengetahuan dan pengalaman dunia nyata peserta didik, sehingga peserta didik dapat bertahan dalam persaingan global dan memiliki kemampuan adaptasi yang baik. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk memperoleh gambaran umum penerapan penilaian otentik dalam pembelajaran sosiologi dan gambaran kemampuan adaptasi sosial peserta didik serta seberapa besar pengaruh penilaian otentik terhadap kemampuan adaptasi sosial peserta didik di SMA Negeri 4 Bandung. Pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif ex facto dan instrument penelitian berupa kuesioner. Hasil temuan penelitian ini adalah penilaian di SMA Negeri 4 Bandung sudah dilaksanakan dengan baik, diperoleh hasil gambaran umum dari penilaian otentik yang sudah dilaksanakan sebesar (67,61%), kemudian kemampuan adaptasi peserta didik di SMA Negeri 4 Bandung yang sudah baik, diperoleh hasil gambaran umum kemampuan adaptasi sosial sebesar (70,78%) dimana kedua perolehan ini berada pada rentang 61%-80% masuk kedalam kategori kuat atau baik. Dan terdapat pengaruh sebesar 29% antara model penilaian otentik dalam pembelajaran sosiologi terhadap adaptasi sosial peserta didik kelas XI IPS SMA Negeri 4 Bandung yang masuk kedalam kategori lemah. Kata Kunci: Adaptasi Sosial, Pembelajaran Sosiologi, Penilaian Otentik In a change curriculum KTSP to the curriculum 2013 there were four changes, one of which is the authentic assessment. The Authentic assessment requires the assessment used in accordance with the real-world knowledge and experience of the learners, so that learners can survive in the global competition and have a good adaptability. The purpose of this study was to obtain an overview of the application of authentic assessment in teaching sociology and social adaptability picture of learners and how much influence the authentic assessment of the ability of social adaptation of students in SMA Negeri 4 Bandung. In this research uses approach quantitative with ex facto descriptive method and the research instrument was a questionnaire. The findings of this study is the assessment in SMA Negeri 4 Bandung has been executed, the results obtained general overview of authentic assessments already carried out by (67.61%), then the adaptability of students at SMA Negeri 4 Bandung which has been good, the results obtained general overview of social adaptability (70.78%) where the acquisition is in the range of 61% -80% into the strong category or better. And there are significant at 29% between authentic assessment models in sociology lesson on social adaptation of students of class XI IPS SMAN 4 Bandung entering into a weak category. Keywords: Authentic Assessment, Social Adaptation, Sociology Teachin

Pengaruh Penerapan E-Filling System Dan Pemahaman Perpajakan Terhadap Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Dengan Peran Relawan Pajak Sebagai Variabel Moderasi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji secara empiris pengaruh penerapan e-filling system pemahaman perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak serta menguji secara empiris pengaruh variabel moderasi peran relawan pajak dalam hubungan penerapan e-filling system dan pemahaman perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak UMKM di Kota Ambon. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian empiris dengan teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah random sampling. Teknik analisis yang digunakan adalah Moderate Regression Analysis (MRA) dengan tingkat kepercayaan 0,05 atau 5%. Hasil pengujian menunjukkan penerapan e-filling system dan pemahaman perpajakan berpengaruh positif signifikan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak serta peran relawan pajak memperkuat pengaruh penerapan e-filling system terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak. Namun, peran relawan pajak tidak memoderasi pengaruh pemahaman perpajakan terhadap kepatuhan wajib pajak

Hubungan Antara Populasi Kutu Kebul (Bemisia tabaciGenn.) dan Kejadian Penyakit Kuning pada Tanaman Cabai (Capsicum annumL.): Relantionship Between Bemisia tabaci Genn. and Yellow Disease of Chili in Lowland

Penyakit kuning merupakan salah satu penyakit yang terdapat pada tanaman cabai (Capsicum annum) yang disebabkan oleh vektor hama kutu kebul(Bemisia tabaci). Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui hubungan antara populasi kutu kebul dengan kejadian penyakit kuning pada tanaman cabai di dataran rendah. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada bulan Maret sampai dengan April 2016. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa populasi kutu kebul berpengaruh sangat kuat terhadap persentase kejadian penyakit kuning dengan nilai korelasi 0,866. Rata-rata persentase kejadian penyakit kuning di dataran rendah adalah 86,17 %. Persentase kejadian penyakit tertinggi yaitu di desa Suka Rende sebesar 94,3 % diikuti Desa Suka Ramai 85 % dan persentase terendah di desa Sei. Semayang sebesar 79,2

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Copper Chaperone for Cu/Zn Superoxide Dismutase is a sensitive biomarker of mild copper deficiency induced by moderately high intakes of zinc

BACKGROUND: Small increases in zinc (Zn) consumption above recommended amounts have been shown to reduce copper (Cu) status in experimental animals and humans. Recently, we have reported that copper chaperone for Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (CCS) protein level is increased in tissues of overtly Cu-deficient rats and proposed CCS as a novel biomarker of Cu status. METHODS: Weanling male Wistar rats were fed one of four diets normal in Cu and containing normal (30 mg Zn/kg diet) or moderately high (60, 120 or 240 mg Zn/kg diet) amounts of Zn for 5 weeks. To begin to examine the clinical relevance of CCS, we compared the sensitivity of CCS to mild Cu deficiency, induced by moderately high intakes of Zn, with conventional indices of Cu status. RESULTS: Liver and erythrocyte CCS expression was significantly (P < 0.05) increased in rats fed the Zn-60 and/or Zn-120 diet compared to rats fed normal levels of Zn (Zn-30). Erythrocyte CCS expression was the most sensitive measure of reduced Cu status and was able to detect a decrease in Cu nutriture in rats fed only twice the recommended amount of Zn. Liver, erythrocyte and white blood cell CCS expression showed a significant (P < 0.05) inverse correlation with plasma and liver Cu concentrations and caeruloplasmin activity. Unexpectedly, rats fed the highest level of Zn (Zn-240) showed overall better Cu status than rats fed a lower level of elevated Zn (Zn-120). Improved Cu status in these rats correlated with increased duodenal mRNA expression of several Zn-trafficking proteins (i.e. MT-1, ZnT-1, ZnT-2 and ZnT-4). CONCLUSION: Collectively, these data show that CCS is a sensitive measure of Zn-induced mild Cu deficiency and demonstrate a dose-dependent biphasic response for reduced Cu status by moderately high intakes of Zn

Sparing effects of selenium and ascorbic acid on vitamin C and E in guinea pig tissues

BACKGROUND: Selenium (Se), vitamin C and vitamin E function as antioxidants within the body. In this study, we investigated the effects of reduced dietary Se and L-ascorbic acid (AA) on vitamin C and α-tocopherol (AT) status in guinea pig tissues. METHODS: Male Hartley guinea pigs were orally dosed with a marginal amount of AA and fed a diet deficient (Se-D/MC), marginal (Se-M/MC) or normal (Se-N/MC) in Se. An additional diet group (Se-N/NC) was fed normal Se and dosed with a normal amount of AA. Guinea pigs were killed after 5 or 12 weeks on the experimental diets at 24 and 48 hours post AA dosing. RESULTS: Liver Se-dependent glutathione peroxidase activity was decreased (P < 0.05) in guinea pigs fed Se or AA restricted diets. Plasma total glutathione concentrations were unaffected (P > 0.05) by reduction in dietary Se or AA. All tissues examined showed a decrease (P < 0.05) in AA content in Se-N/MC compared to Se-N/NC guinea pigs. Kidney, testis, muscle and spleen showed a decreasing trend (P < 0.05) in AA content with decreasing Se in the diet. Dehydroascorbic acid concentrations were decreased (P < 0.05) in several tissues with reduction in dietary Se (heart and spleen) or AA (liver, heart, kidney, muscle and spleen). At week 12, combined dietary restriction of Se and AA decreased AT concentrations in most tissues. In addition, restriction of Se (liver, heart and spleen) and AA (liver, kidney and spleen) separately also reduced AT in tissues. CONCLUSION: Together, these data demonstrate sparing effects of Se and AA on vitamin C and AT in guinea pig tissues

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Elevated levels of dietary zinc intake modulate the expression of CCS and intestinal zinc trafficking proteins

Experiments were carried out to examine the value of CCS (copper chaperone for CuZn superoxide dismutase) as a novel biomarker of zinc-induced mild copper deficiency and to evaluate the changes in expression of zinc transporters in response to graded levels of moderately high dietary zinc. Weanling male Wistar rats were fed graded levels of zinc (30, 60, 120 and 240 mg zinc/kg diet) for 5 weeks. Results showed a dose-dependent decrease in copper content and an increase in CCS expression in tissues of rats fed the Zn-60 and Zn-120 diets. Surprisingly, rats fed the Zn-240 diet showed better copper status than rats fed the Zn-120 diet. Expression of zinc transporters was significantly upregulated in the small intestine of Zn-240 rats. Collectively, these data show that CCS is responsive to zinc-induced mild copper deficiency, and can serve as a sensitive biomarker of mild copper deficiency. The increased expression of intestinal zinc transporters expression may account for the better copper status of Zn-240 rats

PELAKSANAAN PERATURAN DAERAH KOTA BENGKULU NOMOR 3 TAHUN 2016 TENTANG PENGENDALIAN DAN PENGAWASAN MINUMAN BERALKOHOL

Kota Bengkulu telah berkembang menjadi kota wisata, oleh karena itu muncul fenomena maraknya warung dan kafe serta banyak tempat penjualan minuman beralkohol. Warung-warung atau kedai minuman beralkohol tersebut tidak atau belum memiliki izin dan sebagai tempat penjualan tidak sesuai dengan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengendalian dan Pengawasan Minuman Beralkohol. Kenyataan di lapangan, masyarakat dengan mudah dapat membeli minuman beralkohol, dan dampak dari mudahnya mengakses minuman yang memabukkan itu adalah terganggunya ketentraman dan ketertiban masyarakat. Oleh karena itu, penegakan hukum melalui pengendalian dan pengawasan minuman beralkohol diperlukan, agar penjualan minuman beralkohol dilakukan tidak secara ilegal. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mendapatkan pengetahuan hukum dan pendeskripsian empiris pelaksanaan pengendalian dan pengawasan minuman \ud beralkohol di Kota Bengkulu. Memperoleh pengetahuan teknis dan faktor penyebab kendala pelaksanaan pengendalian dan pengawasan minuman beralkohol di Kota Bengkulu. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian yuridis empiris melalui pendekatan yuridis sosiologis. Data dianalisis secara diskriptif dan yuridis kualitatif. Hasil dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa pelaksanaan Peraturan Daerah Nomor 3 Tahun 2016 tentang Pengendalian dan Pengawasan Minuman Beralkohol tidak atau belum dijalankan dengan efektif, sebab tempat penjualan minuman beralkohol di Kota Bengkulu belum dan/atau tidak ada yang memiliki izin. Minuman beralkohol dijual oleh banyak warung biasa dan marak dibeli oleh anak dibawah umur. Kendala normatif yaitu belum adanya Peraturan Pelaksanaan mengenai penjelasan pengendalian dan pengawasan minuman beralkohol, kriteria tempat penjualan, dan pembentukan tim pengawas terpadu. Aparat Satpol Pamong Praja tidak tegas dalam melakukan tindakan pengendalian dan pengawasan. Kendala lainnya belum ada mata anggaran untuk pembentukan tim terpadu, kurangnya jumlah aparat untuk melaksanakan pengawasan dan para penjual yang tidak mau mengurus izin, serta tarif retribusi yang besar. Kata Kunci : Peraturan Daerah, Kota Bengkulu, Pengendalian dan Pengawasan, Minuman Beralkohol