Suplementação de bovinos em pastejo na região Amazônica com utilização de subprodutos do babaçu (Orbignya speciosa)

This study aimed to evaluate the Amazon Biome the technical and economic feasibility of supplementing grazing cattle managed under fixed time stocking during drought conditions and restricted forage mass The experiment lasted 84 days and was conducted in four paddocks of 2.0 ha, equipped with drinking fountains and troughs covered, where in each paddock was an accomplished experimental cycle of approximately 21 days. In the first and second cycles were predominant experimental forage Brachiaria brizantha. Marandu and Brachiaria Humidicola the third cycle HD364 ® and fourth cycle was Brachiaria cv. Piata. We used 24 male crossbred dairy cattle 15 months and 207.24 kg, which were assigned to four treatments in a randomized block design. Besides the mineral mixture, we tested three supplements isoprotéicos with 35% CP, a known pattern that was used food corn and soybean meal and two proteinados called 15 and 30, with the inclusion of 15 and 30% babassu meal in replacing corn and soybean meal. The supplements were provided daily 10:00 am always in individual stalls, and salt was provided ad libitum in the trough within the paddocks. The average height of the canopy was 26 cm, with 2.36 TMS / ha, 37% of predominantly green stuff and forage allowance of 4.29% PV. The average daily weight gain of animals receiving salt was 39 g / animal, below the average found for the animals that were fed, which was 311 g / day. The average daily consumption of raw natural supplements averaged 481 g / day during the dry season without variation between treatments and evaluation cycles. The economic analysis showed net revenue for add-ons, 15% and 30% babassu meal were superior to mineral mixture with Protein 15% resulting in the best economic return. Therefore the partial replacement of ground corn and soybean meal for babassu meal at levels of 15% and 30%, no significant difference in average daily gain and consumption of raw natural supplement to the concentrate standard (P< 0,05), and both appear to be economically viable in comparison to mineral mix, and its adoption was related to the price of inputs.Objetivou-se avaliar no Bioma Amazônico a viabilidade técnica e econômica da suplementação de bovinos a pasto manejados sob lotação de tempo fixo no período da seca e com condições restritas de massa de forragem O experimento teve duração de 84 dias e foi conduzido em quatro piquetes de 2,0 ha, providos de bebedouros e cochos cobertos, onde em cada piquete foi realizado um ciclo experimental de aproximadamente 21 dias. No primeiro e segundo ciclos experimentais as forrageiras predominantes eram a Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Brachiaria Humidicola, no terceiro ciclo HD364® e o quarto ciclo foi Brachiaria cv. Piatã. Foram utilizados 24 machos mestiços leiteiros de 15 meses e 207,24kg, os quais foram distribuídos em quatro tratamentos em delineamento em blocos ao acaso. Além da mistura mineral, testou-se três suplementos isoprotéicos com 35%PB, um denominado padrão que utilizou-se os alimentos milho moído e farelo de soja e dois proteinados denominados 15 e 30, com inclusão de 15 e 30% torta de babaçu em substituição ao milho moído e farelo de soja. Os suplementos foram fornecidos diariamente sempre as 10:00 da manhã em baias individuais, e o sal foi fornecido ad libitum no cocho dentro dos piquetes. A altura média do dossel forrageiro foi de 26 cm, com 2,36 tMS/ha, predominando 37% de material verde e oferta de forragem de 4,29%PV. O ganho de peso médio diário dos animais que receberam sal foi de 39 g/animal, inferior a média encontrada para os animais que foram suplementados, que foi de 311 g/dia. O consumo médio diário de matéria natural dos suplementos foi em média de 481 g/dia durante o período da seca sem variação entre os tratamentos e ciclos de avaliação. A análise econômica demonstrou que a receita líquida para os suplementos padrão, 15% e 30% de torta de babaçu foram superiores a mistura mineral, com o proteinado 15% resultando em melhor retorno econômico. Portanto, a substituição parcial do milho moído e do farelo de soja pela torta de babaçu nos níveis de 15% e 30% não apresentaram diferença significativa no ganho médio diário e no consumo de matéria natural do suplemento em relação ao concentrado padrão (P<0,05), e ambos mostram-se viáveis economicamente em comparação a mistura mineral, sendo sua adoção relacionada ao preço dos insumos

Sistemas de alimentação na terminação de bovinos.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the consumption, performance, carcass characteristics, ingestive behavior and blood metabolic profile as a function of finishing strategies of cattle in pastures in the dry season, using whole or ground corn grains and different forms of adaptation to diets. The experimental design was a completely randomized design with seven treatments and nine replicates (animals), evaluating the quantitative characteristics of the carcass, physical composition of the carcass, average daily gain (GMD), blood parameters and three repetitions (pickets) for consumption Of dry matter of the concentrate (CMSc), seven treatments and three replicates (animals) were evaluated for the study of ingestive behavior. The experimental period was 84 days. Non-orthogonal contrasts were performed to evaluate responses to treatments. When comparing the supply of supplements at will with restricted supply, slaughter weight (PA) (P = 0.01), warm carcass weight (PCQ) (P = 0.03), cold carcass weight (PCF) ( P = 0.01), muscle (M) (P = 0.02), fat (G) (P = 0.02), GMD (P = 0.07), WHR (P = 0.03) (P = 0.02), CMSc, kg / day (P = 0.05), were higher when the animals were fed supplements at will. The animals kept under conditions of confinement differed statistically in the levels of glucose (P = 0.05), cholesterol (P = 0.03) and triglycerides P (= 0.02) in relation to those kept on pasture, with animals grazing with the highest concentrations. The use of higher levels of supplementation regardless of the type of processing in the dry season reduces grazing time, rumination and increases feeding, leisure and other activities.Objetivou-se com este trabalho avaliar o consumo, desempenho, características da carcaça, comportamento ingestivo e perfil metabólico sanguíneo em função de estratégias de terminação de bovinos em pastagens na época seca, com a utilização de grãos de milho inteiro ou moído e diferentes formas de adaptação às dietas. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com sete tratamentos e nove repetições (animais), avaliando-se as características quantitativas, métricas da carcaça, composição física da carcaça, ganho médio diário (GMD), parâmetros sanguíneos e três repetições (piquetes) para consumo de matéria seca do concentrado (CMSc), para o estudo do comportamento ingestivo avaliou-se sete tratamentos e três repetições (animais). O período experimental foi de 84 dias. Foram realizados contrastes não-ortogonais para avaliar as respostas aos tratamentos. Quando se comparou o fornecimento de suplemento à vontade com fornecimento restrito, peso de abate (PA) (P= 0,01), peso de carcaça quente (PCQ) (P= 0,03), peso de carcaça fria (PCF) (P= 0,01), músculo (M) (P= 0,02), gordura (G) (P= 0,02), GMD (P= 0,07), RCQ (P= 0,03), ganho médio diário de carcaça (GMDC) (P= 0,02), CMSc, kg/dia (P= 0,05), foram maiores quando os animais foram alimentados com suplemento à vontade. Os animais mantidos em condições de confinamento diferiram estatisticamente nos teores de glicose (P= 0,05), colesterol (P= 0,03) e triglicerídeos P(= 0,02) em relação aqueles mantidos a pasto, com os animais a pasto com as maiores concentrações. A utilização de níveis mais altos de suplementação independentemente do tipo de processamento na época seca reduz o tempo de pastejo, ruminação e aumenta o tempo de alimentação, ócio e outras atividades

The Genome of Anopheles darlingi, the main neotropical malaria vector

Anopheles darlingi is the principal neotropical malaria vector, responsible for more than a million cases of malaria per year on the American continent. Anopheles darlingi diverged from the African and Asian malaria vectors ∼100 million years ago (mya) and successfully adapted to the New World environment. Here we present an annotated reference A. darlingi genome, sequenced from a wild population of males and females collected in the Brazilian Amazon. A total of 10 481 predicted protein-coding genes were annotated, 72% of which have their closest counterpart in Anopheles gambiae and 21% have highest similarity with other mosquito species. In spite of a long period of divergent evolution, conserved gene synteny was observed between A. darlingi and A. gambiae. More than 10 million single nucleotide polymorphisms and short indels with potential use as genetic markers were identified. Transposable elements correspond to 2.3% of the A. darlingi genome. Genes associated with hematophagy, immunity and insecticide resistance, directly involved in vectorhuman and vectorparasite interactions, were identified and discussed. This study represents the first effort to sequence the genome of a neotropical malaria vector, and opens a new window through which we can contemplate the evolutionary history of anopheline mosquitoes. It also provides valuable information that may lead to novel strategies to reduce malaria transmission on the South American continent. The A. darlingi genome is accessible at www.labinfo.lncc.br/index.php/anopheles- darlingi. © 2013 The Author(s)

The complete genome sequence of Chromobacterium violaceum reveals remarkable and exploitable bacterial adaptability

Chromobacterium violaceum is one of millions of species of free-living microorganisms that populate the soil and water in the extant areas of tropical biodiversity around the world. Its complete genome sequence reveals (i) extensive alternative pathways for energy generation, (ii) ≈500 ORFs for transport-related proteins, (iii) complex and extensive systems for stress adaptation and motility, and (iv) wide-spread utilization of quorum sensing for control of inducible systems, all of which underpin the versatility and adaptability of the organism. The genome also contains extensive but incomplete arrays of ORFs coding for proteins associated with mammalian pathogenicity, possibly involved in the occasional but often fatal cases of human C. violaceum infection. There is, in addition, a series of previously unknown but important enzymes and secondary metabolites including paraquat-inducible proteins, drug and heavy-metal-resistance proteins, multiple chitinases, and proteins for the detoxification of xenobiotics that may have biotechnological applications

Combined searches for the production of supersymmetric top quark partners in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A combination of searches for top squark pair production using proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV at the CERN LHC, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1) collected by the CMS experiment, is presented. Signatures with at least 2 jets and large missing transverse momentum are categorized into events with 0, 1, or 2 leptons. New results for regions of parameter space where the kinematical properties of top squark pair production and top quark pair production are very similar are presented. Depending on themodel, the combined result excludes a top squarkmass up to 1325 GeV for amassless neutralino, and a neutralinomass up to 700 GeV for a top squarkmass of 1150 GeV. Top squarks with masses from 145 to 295 GeV, for neutralino masses from 0 to 100 GeV, with a mass difference between the top squark and the neutralino in a window of 30 GeV around the mass of the top quark, are excluded for the first time with CMS data. The results of theses searches are also interpreted in an alternative signal model of dark matter production via a spin-0 mediator in association with a top quark pair. Upper limits are set on the cross section for mediator particle masses of up to 420 GeV

Search for new particles in events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum in proton-proton collisions at root s=13 TeV

A search is presented for new particles produced at the LHC in proton-proton collisions at root s = 13 TeV, using events with energetic jets and large missing transverse momentum. The analysis is based on a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 101 fb(-1), collected in 2017-2018 with the CMS detector. Machine learning techniques are used to define separate categories for events with narrow jets from initial-state radiation and events with large-radius jets consistent with a hadronic decay of a W or Z boson. A statistical combination is made with an earlier search based on a data sample of 36 fb(-1), collected in 2016. No significant excess of events is observed with respect to the standard model background expectation determined from control samples in data. The results are interpreted in terms of limits on the branching fraction of an invisible decay of the Higgs boson, as well as constraints on simplified models of dark matter, on first-generation scalar leptoquarks decaying to quarks and neutrinos, and on models with large extra dimensions. Several of the new limits, specifically for spin-1 dark matter mediators, pseudoscalar mediators, colored mediators, and leptoquarks, are the most restrictive to date.Peer reviewe

Probing effective field theory operators in the associated production of top quarks with a Z boson in multilepton final states at root s=13 TeV

Peer reviewe

Measurement of the top quark mass using events with a single reconstructed top quark in pp collisions at root s=13 TeV

Abstract:A measurement of the top quark mass is performed using a data sample en-riched with single top quark events produced in thetchannel. The study is based on proton-proton collision data, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9 fb−1, recorded at√s= 13TeV by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016. Candidate events are selectedby requiring an isolated high-momentum lepton (muon or electron) and exactly two jets,of which one is identified as originating from a bottom quark. Multivariate discriminantsare designed to separate the signal from the background. Optimized thresholds are placedon the discriminant outputs to obtain an event sample with high signal purity. The topquark mass is found to be172.13+0.76−0.77GeV, where the uncertainty includes both the sta-tistical and systematic components, reaching sub-GeV precision for the first time in thisevent topology. The masses of the top quark and antiquark are also determined separatelyusing the lepton charge in the final state, from which the mass ratio and difference aredetermined to be0.9952+0.0079−0.0104and0.83+1.79−1.35GeV, respectively. The results are consistentwithCPTinvariance

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in the diphoton decay channel at root s=13 TeV

Measurements of Higgs boson production cross sections and couplings in events where the Higgs boson decays into a pair of photons are reported. Events are selected from a sample of proton-proton collisions at root s = 13TeV collected by the CMS detector at the LHC from 2016 to 2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 137 fb(-1). Analysis categories enriched in Higgs boson events produced via gluon fusion, vector boson fusion, vector boson associated production, and production associated with top quarks are constructed. The total Higgs boson signal strength, relative to the standard model (SM) prediction, is measured to be 1.12 +/- 0.09. Other properties of the Higgs boson are measured, including SM signal strength modifiers, production cross sections, and its couplings to other particles. These include the most precise measurements of gluon fusion and vector boson fusion Higgs boson production in several different kinematic regions, the first measurement of Higgs boson production in association with a top quark pair in five regions of the Higgs boson transverse momentum, and an upper limit on the rate of Higgs boson production in association with a single top quark. All results are found to be in agreement with the SM expectations.Peer reviewe