Wer schreibt die Wikipedia?: Die Online-Enzyklopädie in der Vorstellungs- und Lebenswelt ihrer aktivsten Autoren

Die Wikipedia ist als eine der umfangreichsten Enzyklopädien und meistbesuchten Internetseiten dieser Welt ein sehr erfolgreiches Kulturphänomen der Gegenwart. Wikipedianer, die Autorinnen und Autoren der Online-Enzyklopädie, erscheinen auf den ersten Blick als Paradoxon einer Wissensgesellschaft, in der Wissen in Form geistigen Eigentums eine zentrale Ressource ökonomischer Verwertung darstellt. Wer sind diese freiwilligen Autoren, wer schreibt die Wikipedia? Ausgehend vom kultur- und kommunikationshistorischen Kontext der Wikipedia versucht diese Magisterarbeit durch Interviews mit den aktivsten Wikipedianern innerhalb der deutschsprachigen Version der Online-Enzyklopädie die bisherige Forschung aus kulturwissenschaftlicher Perspektive zu ergänzen. In insgesamt 10 Interviews mit einem biografisch-narrativen und einem themenzentrierten Teil werden unterschiedliche Dimensionen subjektiver Erfahrung im Umgang mit der Online-Enzyklopädie herausgearbeitet. Die spezifischen Merkmale von Online-Interviews in Form von Chats oder Instant Messaging werden dabei mit ihren Vor- und Nachteilen dargestellt. Durch die Rekonstruktion der Aneignungs-, Identifikations- und Imaginationsprozesse und der damit verbundenen subjektiven Theorien wird der komplexe Zusammenhang zwischen der Biografie und der Art und Weise deutlich, wie die Wikipedia in die Vorstellungs- und Lebenswelt ihrer Autoren integriert ist. Durch eine vergleichende Analyse der gefundenen Logiken der Beschäftigung mit der Wikipedia deuten sich verschiedene Typen von Wikipedianern an: Bei Wikipedianern, die sich als Mitglieder der Open-Content-Community verstehen, steht das zivilgesellschaftliche Engagement für freies Wissen im Vordergrund. Bildungsbürgern und Enzyklopädisten geht es bei der Wikipedia vor allem um Bildung und bei Spielern um Unterhaltung und Spaß

Guidelines for the use and interpretation of assays for monitoring autophagy (4th edition)

In 2008, we published the first set of guidelines for standardizing research in autophagy. Since then, this topic has received increasing attention, and many scientists have entered the field. Our knowledge base and relevant new technologies have also been expanding. Thus, it is important to formulate on a regular basis updated guidelines for monitoring autophagy in different organisms. Despite numerous reviews, there continues to be confusion regarding acceptable methods to evaluate autophagy, especially in multicellular eukaryotes. Here, we present a set of guidelines for investigators to select and interpret methods to examine autophagy and related processes, and for reviewers to provide realistic and reasonable critiques of reports that are focused on these processes. These guidelines are not meant to be a dogmatic set of rules, because the appropriateness of any assay largely depends on the question being asked and the system being used. Moreover, no individual assay is perfect for every situation, calling for the use of multiple techniques to properly monitor autophagy in each experimental setting. Finally, several core components of the autophagy machinery have been implicated in distinct autophagic processes (canonical and noncanonical autophagy), implying that genetic approaches to block autophagy should rely on targeting two or more autophagy-related genes that ideally participate in distinct steps of the pathway. Along similar lines, because multiple proteins involved in autophagy also regulate other cellular pathways including apoptosis, not all of them can be used as a specific marker for bona fide autophagic responses. Here, we critically discuss current methods of assessing autophagy and the information they can, or cannot, provide. Our ultimate goal is to encourage intellectual and technical innovation in the field

Search for Scalar Diphoton Resonances in the Mass Range 65−60065-600 GeV with the ATLAS Detector in pppp Collision Data at s\sqrt{s} = 8 TeVTeV

A search for scalar particles decaying via narrow resonances into two photons in the mass range 65–600 GeV is performed using $20.3\text{}\text{}{\mathrm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $\sqrt{s}=8\text{}\text{}\mathrm{TeV}$ $pp$ collision data collected with the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The recently discovered Higgs boson is treated as a background. No significant evidence for an additional signal is observed. The results are presented as limits at the 95% confidence level on the production cross section of a scalar boson times branching ratio into two photons, in a fiducial volume where the reconstruction efficiency is approximately independent of the event topology. The upper limits set extend over a considerably wider mass range than previous searches

Search for Higgs and ZZ Boson Decays to J/ψγJ/\psi\gamma and Υ(nS)γ\Upsilon(nS)\gamma with the ATLAS Detector

A search for the decays of the Higgs and $Z$ bosons to $J/\psi\gamma$ and $\Upsilon(nS)\gamma$ ($n=1,2,3$) is performed with $pp$ collision data samples corresponding to integrated luminosities of up to $20.3\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ collected at $\sqrt{s}=8\mathrm{TeV}$ with the ATLAS detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider. No significant excess of events is observed above expected backgrounds and 95% CL upper limits are placed on the branching fractions. In the $J/\psi\gamma$ final state the limits are $1.5\times10^{-3}$ and $2.6\times10^{-6}$ for the Higgs and $Z$ bosons, respectively, while in the $\Upsilon(1S,2S,3S)\,\gamma$ final states the limits are $(1.3,1.9,1.3)\times10^{-3}$ and $(3.4,6.5,5.4)\times10^{-6}$, respectively

Finska tingsdomares bedömningar av partsutlåtanden givna på plats i rätten eller via videokonferens

Professionals within the judicial system sometimes believe they can assess whether someone is lying or not based on cues such as body language and emotional expression. Research has, however, shown that this is impossible. The Finnish Supreme Court has also given rulings in accordance with this demonstrated fact. There has also been previous research on whether party or witness statements are assessed differently in court depending on whether they are given live, via videoconference, or via prerecorded video. In the present study, we investigated how a Finnish sample of district judges (N=47) assigned probative value to different variables concerning the statement or the statement giver, such as body language and emotional expression. We also investigated the connection between the judges’ beliefs about the relevance of body language and emotional expression and their preference for live statements or statements via videoconference. The judges reported assigning equal amounts of probative value to statements given live and statements given via videoconference. However, judges found it easier to detect deception live, and this preference correlated with how relevant they thought body language is when assessing the probative value of the statement. In other words, a slight bias to assess live statements more favorably than statements given via videoconference might still exist. More effort needs to be put into making judges and Supreme Courts aware of robust scientific results that have been the subject of decades of research, such as the fact that one cannot assess whether someone is lying or not based on cues such as body language