Phenyl 3,5-di-tert-butyl-2-hy­droxy­benzoate

The title mol­ecule, C21H26O3, has a six-membered planar carbon ring as the central core, substituted at position 1 with phen­oxy­carbonyl, at position 2 with hy­droxy and at positions 3 and 5 with tert-butyl groups. The structure shows two independent but very similar mol­ecules within the asymmetric unit. For both independent mol­ecules, the ester carboxyl­ate group is coplanar with the central core, as reflected by the small C—C—O—C torsion angles [179.95 (17) and 173.70 (17)°]. In contrast, the phenyl substituent is almost perpendicular to the carboxyl­ate –CO2 fragment, as reflected by C—O—C—C torsion angles, ranging from 74 to 80°. The coplanarity between the central aromatic ring and the ester carboxyl­ate –CO2– group allows the formation of an intra­molecular hydrogen bond, with O⋯O distances of 2.563 (2) and 2.604 (2) Å

1,1′:4′,1′′-Terphenyl-2′,5′-dicarb­oxy­lic acid dimethyl sulfoxide-d 6 disolvate

The asymmetric unit of the title solvate, C20H14O4·2C2D6OS, contains half of the substituted terephthalic acid mol­ecule and one solvent mol­ecule. The centroid of the central benzene ring in the acid mol­ecule is coincident with a crystallographic inversion center. Neither the carboxyl nor the phenyl substituents are coplanar with the central aromatic ring, showing dihedral angles of 53.18 (11) and 47.83 (11)°, respectively. The dimethyl sulfoxide solvent mol­ecules are hydrogen bonded to the carb­oxy­lic acid groups

Electronic structure and metal-metal communication in (CpM)2(as-indacene) and (CpM)2(s-indacene) (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni) complexes: a DFT investigation

International audienceDFT calculations with full geometry optimization have been performed on the series (CpM)2(as-indacene) and (CpM)2(s-indacene) (M = Mn, Fe, Co, Ni), as well as on the cations of the Fe, Co and Ni complexes. The compounds where M = Fe and Ni (as-indacene series) and M = Mn, Fe and Co (s-indacene series) were found to possess closed-shell ground states. In the mixed-valent cations as well as in the other open-shell species, the degree of metal-metal communication and the participation of the ligand into the spin density were evaluated. In general, the larger the total electron number, the larger the metal-metal communication and ligand participation to the frontier orbitals

Antimicrobial resistance among migrants in Europe: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Rates of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) are rising globally and there is concern that increased migration is contributing to the burden of antibiotic resistance in Europe. However, the effect of migration on the burden of AMR in Europe has not yet been comprehensively examined. Therefore, we did a systematic review and meta-analysis to identify and synthesise data for AMR carriage or infection in migrants to Europe to examine differences in patterns of AMR across migrant groups and in different settings. METHODS: For this systematic review and meta-analysis, we searched MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus with no language restrictions from Jan 1, 2000, to Jan 18, 2017, for primary data from observational studies reporting antibacterial resistance in common bacterial pathogens among migrants to 21 European Union-15 and European Economic Area countries. To be eligible for inclusion, studies had to report data on carriage or infection with laboratory-confirmed antibiotic-resistant organisms in migrant populations. We extracted data from eligible studies and assessed quality using piloted, standardised forms. We did not examine drug resistance in tuberculosis and excluded articles solely reporting on this parameter. We also excluded articles in which migrant status was determined by ethnicity, country of birth of participants' parents, or was not defined, and articles in which data were not disaggregated by migrant status. Outcomes were carriage of or infection with antibiotic-resistant organisms. We used random-effects models to calculate the pooled prevalence of each outcome. The study protocol is registered with PROSPERO, number CRD42016043681. FINDINGS: We identified 2274 articles, of which 23 observational studies reporting on antibiotic resistance in 2319 migrants were included. The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or AMR infection in migrants was 25·4% (95% CI 19·1-31·8; I2 =98%), including meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (7·8%, 4·8-10·7; I2 =92%) and antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (27·2%, 17·6-36·8; I2 =94%). The pooled prevalence of any AMR carriage or infection was higher in refugees and asylum seekers (33·0%, 18·3-47·6; I2 =98%) than in other migrant groups (6·6%, 1·8-11·3; I2 =92%). The pooled prevalence of antibiotic-resistant organisms was slightly higher in high-migrant community settings (33·1%, 11·1-55·1; I2 =96%) than in migrants in hospitals (24·3%, 16·1-32·6; I2 =98%). We did not find evidence of high rates of transmission of AMR from migrant to host populations. INTERPRETATION: Migrants are exposed to conditions favouring the emergence of drug resistance during transit and in host countries in Europe. Increased antibiotic resistance among refugees and asylum seekers and in high-migrant community settings (such as refugee camps and detention facilities) highlights the need for improved living conditions, access to health care, and initiatives to facilitate detection of and appropriate high-quality treatment for antibiotic-resistant infections during transit and in host countries. Protocols for the prevention and control of infection and for antibiotic surveillance need to be integrated in all aspects of health care, which should be accessible for all migrant groups, and should target determinants of AMR before, during, and after migration. FUNDING: UK National Institute for Health Research Imperial Biomedical Research Centre, Imperial College Healthcare Charity, the Wellcome Trust, and UK National Institute for Health Research Health Protection Research Unit in Healthcare-associated Infections and Antimictobial Resistance at Imperial College London

Surgical site infection after gastrointestinal surgery in high-income, middle-income, and low-income countries: a prospective, international, multicentre cohort study

Background: Surgical site infection (SSI) is one of the most common infections associated with health care, but its importance as a global health priority is not fully understood. We quantified the burden of SSI after gastrointestinal surgery in countries in all parts of the world. Methods: This international, prospective, multicentre cohort study included consecutive patients undergoing elective or emergency gastrointestinal resection within 2-week time periods at any health-care facility in any country. Countries with participating centres were stratified into high-income, middle-income, and low-income groups according to the UN's Human Development Index (HDI). Data variables from the GlobalSurg 1 study and other studies that have been found to affect the likelihood of SSI were entered into risk adjustment models. The primary outcome measure was the 30-day SSI incidence (defined by US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention criteria for superficial and deep incisional SSI). Relationships with explanatory variables were examined using Bayesian multilevel logistic regression models. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02662231. Findings: Between Jan 4, 2016, and July 31, 2016, 13 265 records were submitted for analysis. 12 539 patients from 343 hospitals in 66 countries were included. 7339 (58·5%) patient were from high-HDI countries (193 hospitals in 30 countries), 3918 (31·2%) patients were from middle-HDI countries (82 hospitals in 18 countries), and 1282 (10·2%) patients were from low-HDI countries (68 hospitals in 18 countries). In total, 1538 (12·3%) patients had SSI within 30 days of surgery. The incidence of SSI varied between countries with high (691 [9·4%] of 7339 patients), middle (549 [14·0%] of 3918 patients), and low (298 [23·2%] of 1282) HDI (p < 0·001). The highest SSI incidence in each HDI group was after dirty surgery (102 [17·8%] of 574 patients in high-HDI countries; 74 [31·4%] of 236 patients in middle-HDI countries; 72 [39·8%] of 181 patients in low-HDI countries). Following risk factor adjustment, patients in low-HDI countries were at greatest risk of SSI (adjusted odds ratio 1·60, 95% credible interval 1·05–2·37; p=0·030). 132 (21·6%) of 610 patients with an SSI and a microbiology culture result had an infection that was resistant to the prophylactic antibiotic used. Resistant infections were detected in 49 (16·6%) of 295 patients in high-HDI countries, in 37 (19·8%) of 187 patients in middle-HDI countries, and in 46 (35·9%) of 128 patients in low-HDI countries (p < 0·001). Interpretation: Countries with a low HDI carry a disproportionately greater burden of SSI than countries with a middle or high HDI and might have higher rates of antibiotic resistance. In view of WHO recommendations on SSI prevention that highlight the absence of high-quality interventional research, urgent, pragmatic, randomised trials based in LMICs are needed to assess measures aiming to reduce this preventable complication

Restituidores fotogramétricos en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la UNAM

Restituidores fotogramétricos en la Facultad de Ingeniería de la UNA

Synthesis, characterization and catalytic study of organometallic rhodium complexes in the dehydrogenative silylation of olefins

TOULOUSE3-BU Sciences (315552104) / SudocSudocFranceF

Estudio de la biota de ratas de bioterio: caracterización de Escherichia coli comensal

The aim if this study was to characterize strains of E. coli isolated from Rattus norvegicus belonging to a level 1 animal facility. Faecal samples were taken from 13 rats. Five colonies were randomly selected from the primary growth of the culture of each sampled individual. Biochemical tests were performed and the pathotype and phylogroup were established in the strains that were identified as E. coli by means of the PCR technique. In addition, tests for biofilm formation and antimicrobial susceptibility were performed. Results showed that 65% (26/40) of the isolated strains corresponded to E. coli and all clustered in phylogroup B2. Six of the E. coli strains were resistant to nitrofurantoin (23%), four were resistant to ampicillin (15%), and three strains were resistant to cefozolin (11%). None showed the formation of biofilms, nor the amplification of genes related to any pathotype. The results denote that E. coli belonging to the biota of laboratory rats presents resistance to antibiotics and the presence of the chuA and yjaA genes associated with the B2 phylogroup strains related to extraintestinal diseases.El objetivo del trabajo fue caracterizar cepas de E. coli aisladas de Rattus norvegicus pertenecientes a un bioterio de nivel 1. Se tomaron muestras de heces a 13 ratas. Se seleccionaron cinco colonias al azar del crecimiento primario del cultivo de cada individuo muestreado. Se realizaron pruebas bioquímicas y en las cepas que fueron identificadas como E. coli se estableció el patotipo y el filogrupo por medio de la técnica de PCR. Además, se realizaron pruebas para la formación de biopelículas y la susceptibilidad antimicrobiana. El 65% (26/40) de las cepas aisladas correspondieron a E. coli. El análisis mediante PCR mostró que todas se agruparon en el filogrupo B2. Seis de las cepas de E. coli presentaban resistencia a nitrofurantoina (23%), cuatro fueron resistentes a ampicilina (15%) y en tres cepas se observó resistencia a cefozolina (11%). Ninguna mostró la formación de biopelículas, ni la amplificación de genes relacionados a algún patotipo. Los resultados denotan que E. coli perteneciente a la biota de ratas de bioterio presenta resistencia a antibióticos y la presencia de los genes chuA y yjaA que incluyen a las cepas en el filogrupo B2 relacionado a enfermedades extraintestinales

An Improved Synthesis of 3,6-Dihydro-as-indacene

This contribution describes an updated synthetic route to 3,6-dihydro-as-indacene along with full characterization of all inter­mediates. The title compound is prepared by Mannich condensation of 2-methylfuran with formaldehyde and dimethylamine hydrochloride, quaternization of the resulting amine with methyl iodide, and conversion into the ammonium hydroxide salt by treatment with silver oxide in water. Subsequent Hoffmann elimination and [6,6]-cycloaddition through pyrolysis produces a furanocyclophane, which after photooxidation, intramolecular cycloaddition, and dehydration with sodium carbonate affords 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,8-dione-as-indacene. Reduction of this diketone gives a mixture of alcohols, which after dehydration under slightly basic or acidic conditions produces 3,6-dihydro-as-indacene. The structure is confirmed by X-ray diffraction, and all intermediates are characterized by means of 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.The authors are grateful for the financial support from Fondo Nacional de Desarrollo Cientifico y Tecnologico, Chile (FONDECYT) (Grants 1161297, EQM120021, EQM130032, EQM150102), the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile (PUC) (Grant 3913-541-81), the Scheduled Tribes Welfare Department, Government of Karnataka, India for a student fellowship (Y.D.) to pursue a research stay at the Pontificia Uni-versidad Catolica de Chile. E.M. (ICMAB) acknowledges the Severo Ochoa Program, Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) (SEV-2015-0496).Peer reviewe